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This paper, set against the backdrop of expanding urban rail networks and dynamic urban development, focuses on the distribution and evolution of commercial Points of Interests (POIs) within the central urban rail transit areas of Beijing. The study examines data from four different years—2008, 2013, 2017, and 2020—to observe the temporal evolution of commercial entities. It identifies stable explanatory variables affecting the distribution and evolution of commercial POIs, which include rail transit accessibility, characteristics of the working and residential population distribution around stations, and the construction intensity in the vicinity of station areas. Through statistical analysis and model building, relatively stable linear regression equations were established, with R 2 values generally maintained above 0.5 (except for 2017). The study advances our understanding of the influence of rail transit on urban commercial spaces and how this influence shifts with temporal and urban developmental changes. It elucidates the correlation between changes in the number of businesses and spatial configuration, offering insights and information for urban planners and policy makers. This research also serves as a model for exploring the interplay between urban rail transit and commercial spaces in other major cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the rapid development of China's digital economy and many studies involving the development of digital economy, there is no unified standard on the measurement of digital economy, and the existing accounting methods all have certain shortcomings. In view of this, this paper constructs a set of accounting system to measure the scale of digital economy industry, from the perspective of digital industrialization and industrial digitization, based on input-output tables. We separate digital economy from traditional industries by splitting and merging IO tables using data such as the Economic Census Yearbook and SAT to calculate the scale of digital economy industry. In this paper, data from Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei provinces in 2017 were used as an example for the calculation. The accounting results show that there is still a large gap in digital economy industry development between Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, with the total digital economy industry scale, industry digitization scale, digital industrialization scale and the proportion of digital economy value added to GDP in Beijing being much higher than those in Hebei and Tianjin. In addition, due to the characteristics of the respective industrial structures in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, the percentages of the four major categories in digital industrialization also show different performance. The share of digital technology application industry in Beijing is much higher than that in Tianjin and Hebei, while the share of digital product manufacturing in Hebei and Tianjin is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimization on trajectory planning is significant offering the driver or automatic train operation system a guidance to drive the train efficiently. An optimal trajectory is subject to operational, geographic, physical and dynamic constraints. In previous studies, researchers have put much effort into offline optimization. However, operational errors in real situation are rarely taken into consideration. Thus, this paper proposes a dynamic trajectory planning to address the deviation. Specifically, first, we design an online optimization framework to display model predictive control-based train trajectory planning theory. Various constraints are set for optimization problem. Second, taking energy consumption and punctuality into consideration, we propose a moving window method to search the optimal variables, which are applied to evaluate the fitness function. Plus, to improve global search ability and convergence rate, we present a multi-swarm particle swarm optimization by dividing the population into several parts. On the basis of operational time error at reallocation positions, we design a novel weight allocation mechanism for the revaluation of fitness function. At last, taking real data from Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway as an example, the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is proved by comparing multiple parameters with some numerical results of simulations. The results show that the proposed method can adjust operating strategy dynamically so that the train runs in an energy-efficient way. Additionally, in delay scene, the proposed method can also guide the train to catch up with the scheduled time and save energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper about the high-quality development level of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is of vital importance to promote high-quality development of China. An evaluation index system that can comprehensively describe the high-quality development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is designed in this paper. There are 27 indexes selected to evaluate the high-quality development of the cities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province from three dimensions: target level, standard level and index level. By applying the SOM (Self-Organizing Map) algorithm to cluster analysis of high-quality development levels. The results of the study showed that there are variations in high-quality development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city cluster. Beijing has the highest quality development level, followed by Tianjin and Hebei, and a significant gap exists between Beijing and Hebei in terms of the level of quality development. In addition, the high-quality development level of cities in Hebei Province are not balanced. Therefore, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city cluster should break down administrative barriers, making overall plans and promoting coordinated development among regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to clarify the current status, hotspots, historical evolution and development trend of the research on funding and management of basic research in China. Firstly, 736 relevant papers indexed during 1992-2019 in the core journal database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were analyzed in details. Using the information visualization software CiteSpaceV5.6.R3, the institutional cooperation co-occurrence map, author cooperation co-occurrence map, keyword co-occurrence map, and keyword timeline view maps were plotted through content mining. The results show that: the research institutions in the research field of basic research funding and management have formed three core cooperation networks, and the institutions in Beijing attract the most attention; most of the prolific and active authors choose teamwork over independent research; the research topics mainly fall into four aspects of basic research: input, subjects, results, and talents; the research hotspots are in line with policies and demands, and evolve through three stages: exploration and gradual progress, adjustment and development, and expansion and acceleration. The research results open up a new direction for relevant studies, and provide a reference for innovative parties to implement basic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollution havens create environmental inequality issues. China's recent policy of directing high-pollution firms to migrate out of its capital, Beijing, offers a case of a pollution haven that was mandated, rather than resulting from firms' responses to environmental regulation. More importantly, it leads to a question that has been less discussed in previous literature: does a pollution haven strike back? After the highly polluting enterprises moved out of Beijing to neighboring Hebei province, Hebei has been blamed for the continuing poor air quality in Beijing, based on a perception that the pollutants emitted in Hebei are being blown back to Beijing. This paper investigates the existence of a pollution haven in Hebei and quantifies the contribution of Hebei's emissions to Beijing's air quality. We find that the proportion of output values and the relative concentration of high-pollution industries in Hebei increased when the large-scale out-migration began, while the indicators in Beijing decreased. We also find higher emissions of enterprises in Hebei than their counterparts in Beijing. Together, these findings indicate the existence of a "manmade" pollution haven. Further, based on high-frequency spatial data, we combine an Autoregressive Distributed Lag model and a Spatial Autoregressive Model and decompose the factors that affect Beijing's air quality into local and regional transport of air-borne pollutants. We find a significant effect of the neighboring cities' air pollution on Beijing's air quality. This indicates that the pollution haven indeed struck back. These findings imply the importance of regional policies to control air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A research into congestion propagation mechanism of urban rail transit passenger flow in train delay scenario is of great significance to the formulation of coordinated limitation measures of passenger flow among the operation lines in urban rail transit networks. This paper presents a methodology for modelling cascade dynamics of passenger flow congestion. In this method, firstly, a computing method of network passenger flow states based on load entropy is proposed to describe the overall load conditions of passenger flow in the network. Secondly, a rail transit network is developed and the computation formulas of load and capacity of nodes have been established combining with a comprehensive consideration of nodes' topological passenger flow attributes. Thirdly, Trip Betweenness Centrality of nodes is proposed and calculated. Considering the function of rail transit line capacity and load distribution strategy, the passenger flow congestion in train delay scenario is established to calculate cascade dynamics of congestion and the state transition of urban rail transit network. A real case study on Beijing Metro Line 10 is used to demonstrate the proposed methodology. The results show that the load values of nodes and the distances from the initial failure nodes can be determined for the spreading scope of passenger flow congestion in disrupted metro line and adjacent metro lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Olympic Games are striking a balance between economic and ecological benefits. Taking the 5 ice event venues of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games as the research object, the CO 2 emissions under the 2018 PyeongChang Low-carbon scenario and 2022 Beijing Low-carbon scenario are compared. The empirical results show that, in terms of venue operation, the Beijing strategies can reduce CO 2 emissions by 715.7 t compared with the PyeongChang strategies. In terms of the refrigerant escape, Beijing's adoption of CO 2 refrigerant can reduce the emission of CO 2 by 1202.2 t compared with the R404 refrigerant used in PyeongChang. This paper confirms the progress of the Green Winter Olympic Games, and may provide implications for the future host countries as well as the cities which in the green transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan cluster has inevitably brought many problems along with its vigorous economic development, one of which is environmental pollution. Based on our previous research, we clarified the mechanisms and characteristics of environmental pollution transfer in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding regions, and this paper refered to the further correct delineation of the responsibility for environmental pollution control in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the surrounding provinces. This study measureed the full cost of environmental pollution control and economic benefits in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and surrounding provinces in terms of the economic costs required for governance, and constructed an inequity index (CG index) to characterise the inequity in the share of costs borne and benefits by the aforementioned provinces. The results of the study showed that there is significant environmental inequity and inequality of responsibility in the process of regional trade among the provinces in and around Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and the surrounding region. The developed provinces (Beijing and Tianjin) benefited more and bore less responsibility for pollution control due to their optimised industrial structure, producing more capital-intensive and high value-added industries, while provinces with heavy chemical, high pollution and labour-intensive industries, such as Hebei and Shanxi, developed their economies more in the primary and secondary sectors due to their irrational industrial structure, and therefore benefited less and bore more when trading goods with the developed provinces (Beijing and Tianjin) benefited less and took more responsibility for pollution control. Based on the above findings, policy recommendations are then put forward to provide suggestions and references for the collaborative management of environmental pollution in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban resilience reflects the ability of cities to resist, absorb, adapt and recover from danger in a timely and efficient manner, which is critical to the normal operations of cities and the daily lives of citizens. An increasing number of cities have included resilience in their city planning. Thus, conducting the resilience evaluation is necessary for urban resilience improvement and enhancement. This paper proposed a MACBETH-based method for urban resilience evaluation, in which a multi-dimensional evaluation system including four dimensions and sixteen criteria is established, and the main procedure was presented to determine the overall and dimensional resilience indices. The proposed method was applied to evaluate Beijing's urban resilience. The results shown that Beijing's resilience improved from 2016 to 2020, despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While it is widely known that the greening landscape spatial quality plays a vital role in promoting the level of highway landscape design, there is still no consensus on how to measure it quantitatively on a large scale. Recent advancements in computer vision tasks under deep learning, along with esmerging datasets such as street view pictures, have shown the potential to overcome previous limitations, leading to a paradigm shift in research. This paper proposes a novel digital measurement technique that automatically identifies elements and greening landscape spatial features from a partial panoramic and spherical view field, considering the driver and passengers' environmental perspectives. To achieve this, we have developed a spatial quality parameter index system consisting of three dimensions and nine indicators, with two regions dedicated to plains and mountainous regions. We have also created a visualization atlas that illustrates the landscape of highway greening in both vertical and horizontal dimensions. We applied this method to the Beijing section of the Beijing-Tibet highway to guide targeted improvement strategies from different perspectives. Our findings provide strategies for enhancing scientific performance and tools for quantitative analysis in digitizing, engineering, and refining highway landscape design. • Propose a high-precision training model Panoptic-DeepLab. • Propose a digital measurement indicator system of highway greening landscape spatial quality. • Gives an atlas representation method of highway greening landscape spatial quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the global COVID-19 crisis, China has portrayed itself as a "champion of multilateralism" -- defending UN institutions and its own multilateral initiatives in a variety of spheres. China's approach has, however, often been criticised for undermining multilateralism through its use of multilateral platforms as arenas to contest US leadership. This paper examines the official Chinese discourse on multilateralism during the COVID 19 crisis in the years 2020 and 2021 in light of Beijing's multilateral diplomacy in the Global South, exemplified by the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) and the China-CELAC Forum (China--Community of Latin American and Caribbean States Forum). The authors argue that China's growing multilateral engagement must be understood in the context of a multilateral system that was already in crisis before the pandemic due to its inability to resolve major global challenges. The term "multilateralism" is essentially used by Beijing to discursively oppose "unilateralism". While its active multilateral engagement may be able to prevent and resolve major global crises in the future, Beijing's approach offers limited multilateral spaces for deliberation and contestation by weaker states and non-state actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the urbanization in Beijing is developing fast, and its accompanying rapid accumulation pattern of urban infrastructure stock is undoubtedly of great significance to the realization of Beijing's infrastructure construction and urbanization coordinated development. This paper analyzes the time series of changes in 8 types of infrastructure stock and 10 types of infrastructure materials in Beijing through the stock accounting model. The decoupling relationship between the level of urbanization in Beijing and the infrastructure stock is analyzed through the decoupling model. Its purpose is to achieve social and economic development while achieving the optimal scale of infrastructure stock construction, thereby promoting the progress of Beijing's new urban development. The results show that: (1) Beijing's infrastructure stock was on an upward trend from 1949 to 2018. In 2018, the total infrastructure stock expanded to 1,384 times that of 1949, reaching 3,342.036 million tons. It has experienced a process of slow growth from 1949 to 1975, rapid growth from 1976 to 2008, and steady growth from 2009 to 2018. (2) From 1949 to 2018, in terms of building types, Beijing has the largest housing stocks, followed by the road stocks, the pipeline stocks and the track stocks. In terms of material types, gravel, cement, bricks, and steel account for about 99% of the infrastructure material stock in Beijing. (3) The state has reached weak decoupling between the level of urbanization in Beijing and the stock of roads and track, and is moving from "weak decoupling" to finally achieving "strong decoupling", while the state between the level of urbanization and housing stocks and pipeline stocks has not yet reached decoupling. The state between the level of urbanization and the stock of various infrastructure materials has not yet reached a state of decoupling, and most of them are extended decoupling, which puts great pressure on Beijing's resources and environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is an area where the conflict on resource environment and development most acute. Based on the panel data of listed companies in 2010-2019, this paper constructs a panel model on strategic identification degree, which reveals the development strategy of enterprises and the degree of strategic transformation. The results show that environmental and credit policies in this region have been focused on protecting and supporting business-oriented enterprises. The listed company converts monetary funds and some business assets into financial assets through the items available on the balance sheet, which hinders the development strategy of promoting independent innovation in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. We hope that the government should pay more attention to the problem of illegal use of funds in enterprises, and take the necessary regulatory measures to correct the tendency of misallocation of assets. At the same time, the environmental protection department and commercial banks will coordinate and work together to promote the independent innovation and business development of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pumping wells (PWs) lie at the core of agricultural irrigation infrastructure, and their spatial configuration is of great significance for the scientific management of regional agriculture and rational use of water resources. To solve the problems of unreasonable and unscientific spatial allocation of regional agricultural irrigation PWs, this paper proposes a new strategy for updating agricultural irrigation PWs based on a spatial decision model, using Songzhuang Town, Tongzhou District, Beijing as a case study. The model utilizes constraints based on local factors such as actual land use, and proposes a novel feasible solution strategy that combines random local search and abrupt jumps to increase the probability that feasible solutions will be found, addressing the performance issues of simulated annealing algorithms, influence of initial values, and parameter sensitivity. Finally, we used the proposed method to perform updated decision analysis on the spatial configuration of PWs in the study area. The results showed that most of the crops in the study area lack irrigation, and the currently available PWs cannot meet the needs for irrigation. The new PWs added based on this decision method can be more evenly distributed within the predefined optimization unit. The proposed number of PWs to be added is 166, the density of PWs is 0.04/ha, and the crop area covered by the PWs is 3350.43 ha. In contrast to the previous PW layout, the optimized PW configuration can meet the irrigation needs of residents, indicating that the new method proposed in this paper has good potential for extension and application. [Display omitted] • A new decision-making method for renewal of agricultural irrigation PWs was proposed. • The maximum unit crop area can be covered when the buffer zone radius was set to 166 m. • The optimal spacing of agricultural irrigation wells was 332 m. • The scheme alleviated the problem of insufficient water for agricultural irrigation. • The method has popularization potential for regional agricultural water management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of society, the traditional residential building form has gradually failed to meet the needs of modern people's life, which urgently needs to be updated and developed. At the same time, there are also many problems in the transformation. For example, the transformed buildings cannot be integrated into the regional architectural environment, and the traditional construction skills are missing, and so on. Therefore, traditional residential transformation strategy needs more rigorous generation process. The basic idea of extenics is to use formal methods to deal with contradictions in various fields, which is very suitable as a tool for scientific analysis of contradictions and feasible strategies in the practice of residential transformation. This paper takes Baoshui village as an example, establishes the problem model based on extenics, analyzes the objectives and conditions, solves the contradiction through the extension transformation method, generates the strategy, and finally use excellent standard evaluating method evaluates to obtain the optimal strategy. The generation process of extension strategy for rural residential transformation is explored. On the one hand, it can provide a reference for the formalization of the practice process of rural residential transformation in the future, on the other hand, it can make the culture of traditional rural residential continue and regenerate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese economy has changed from high-speed growth stage to high-quality development stage. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is an essential part of economic development in China, where high-quality development and realize innovation-driven development need to be achieved urgently. In this paper, an index system is constructed to measure the high-quality development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the entropy weight method is used to measure the high-quality development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The results indicate that from the perspective of vertical development, the high-quality development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2009 to 2018 is on the rise year by year. Besides, Hebei has presented a rebound development recent years due to the weak development foundation in the early stage. Tianjin develops evenly with an annual growth rate of 10%, and Beijing has also been growing steadily. From the perspective of horizontal development, the high-quality development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is significantly unbalanced, and the comprehensive index of high-quality development in Beijing is significantly higher than that in Tianjin and Hebei, demonstrating a large gap in high-quality development among Beijing and the other two regions. The innovation contribution of the target layer to the criterion layer is the largest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In natural language processing (NLP) of Chinese hazard text collected in the process of hazard identification, Chinese word segmentation (CWS) is the first step to extracting meaningful information from such semi-structured Chinese texts. This paper proposes a new neighbor entropy-based segmentation (NES) model for CWS. The model considers the segmentation benefits of neighbor entropies, adopting the concept of "neighbor" in optimization research. It is defined by the benefit ratio of text segmentation, including benefits and losses of combining the segmentation unit with more information than other popular statistical models. In the experiments performed, together with the maximum-based segmentation algorithm, the NES model achieves a 99.3% precision, 98.7% recall, and 99.0% f-measure for text segmentation; these performances are higher than those of existing tools based on other seven popular statistical models. Results show that the NES model is a valid CWS, especially for text segmentation requirements necessitating longer-sized characters. The text corpus used comes from the Beijing Municipal Administration of Work Safety, which was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pairs trading is one of the mainstream statistical arbitrage strategies in current financial market practice that can seize possible arbitrage opportunities caused by mispricing between similar assets. Based on the theory of statistical arbitrage and the similar attributes of carbon emission allowances traded in different carbon markets, this paper studies the applicability of the pairs trading strategy among different pilot markets in China. The novelty and possible contribution of this paper are as follows. Firstly, this paper extends the statistical arbitrage-based pairs trading framework to the analysis of carbon market transactions in China, which broadens the understanding of the correlation between China's carbon markets. Secondly, this study explores the arbitrage opportunities among China's regional carbon markets that have not been revealed by previous studies. Thirdly, based on the pairs trading analytical model adopted in this study, this paper further investigates the operation characteristics of China's carbon markets and the interaction between markets, as the sensitivity of strategy performance to the key parameters is also discussed. The results show that arbitrage based on pairs trading is profitable. In the baseline case, the annualized arbitrage returns between the Shanghai emission allowance and Beijing emission allowance is about 9.11%, the highest among all pairs. However, there is almost no pairing relationship between the Tianjin carbon market and other markets. By discussing the time distribution of arbitrage signals generated by the pairs trading strategy, it is found that most signals are sent out during the inactive trading period in a compliance cycle. The conclusions provide valuable insights for formulating relevant carbon market regulatory policies and investors' participation in arbitrage activities in China's carbon trading markets. • The application of the pairs trading strategy is extended to the Chinese carbon markets. • Based on relative value arbitrage theory, arbitrage opportunities between markets are examined. • Pairs trading strategy can also yield sustainable and distinctive returns in the Chinese carbon markets. • Arbitrage trading between the Shanghai and Beijing markets may yield promising annualized returns with about 9.11%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the primary source sector of carbon emissions, the power industry's green innovation is an indispensable component of China's low-carbon transformation. This paper took China's Carbon Emission Trading Scheme as a quasi-natural experience and adopted the synthetic control method to evaluate the impact of Carbon Emission Trading Scheme pilot policy on power industry's green innovation based on the provincial industrial level data. Furthermore, this paper examined the impact mechanisms of Carbon Emission Trading Scheme on the power industry's green innovation through policy comparison, moderating and mediating effect analyses. The research findings show that: 1) there is heterogeneity in Carbon Emission Trading Scheme's effectiveness in inducing green innovation in China, the power industry only in Beijing and Guangdong has been significantly promoted, while other pilots have not; 2) the success of Beijing and Guangdong can be attributed to distinctive features of their carbon market and power industry, including the refined quota accounting mechanism, the application of paid quota allocation, the larger enterprise scale and more research and development investment; 3) enterprise scale and research and development investment have positive moderating effect and mediating effect in the promotional effect of the Carbon Emission Trading Scheme on green innovation respectively. Finally, some policy recommendations are put forward to promote the power industry's green innovation and carbon market construction. • Evaluate the impact of China's CETS on the power industry's green innovation in each pilot. • The CETS effects among pilots are heterogeneous, only significant in Beijing and Guangdong. • Rational CETS mechanism design could improve the power industry's green innovation. • Enterprise scale and R&D investment positively moderate and mediate the CETS effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beijing old city is a masterpiece during construction of ancient cities, and the most important urban space with special significance in Beijing. Over years, the old city has been facing a great contradiction between development and conservation, and there are a lot of problems that have restricted the old city from becoming a city with better living environment. After varieties of different urban renewal practice, the Beijing old city is still exploring new directions for conservation. Among these directions, underground space would be a new perspective, with possibilities of providing a good way out for those problems. The paper aims at a discussion on the status quo and developing potential of underground spaces in Beijing old city, and by means of conservation theories of old cities and theories of underground architecture. Firstly, the paper discusses the uneven spatial distribution of underground space in Beijing old city. Then the paper put forward three aspects that underground space might make positive efforts to the preservation of Beijing old city, which are complementing residential and public functions to Beijing old city, solving the problems of traffic and parking in Beijing old city, and improving the spatial quality of urban spaces and buildings in Beijing old city. Finally, the paper makes prospects to the future underground space in Beijing old city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of China's industrialization, the air pollution is becoming more and more serious. It is vital for us to predict the air quality for determining the further prevention measures of avoiding the brought disasters. In this paper, we are going to propose an approach of predicting the air quality based on the multiple data features through fusing the multiple machine learning models. The approach takes the meteorological data and air quality data for the past six days as one batch of input (the whole data set is for 46 days) and employs a multi-model fusion to provide an improved 24-hour prediction of PM2.5 pollutant concentration all over Beijing. During the above process, two focal feature groups are composed. The first focal feature group contains the historical meteorological data, while the second group includes the statistical information, the date information and the polynomial variations. Besides the two groups, we complement one million more data items by employing the time sliding means. Among the supplementary data, we select the most critical 500 features with Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) model and send the features as the input to Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) and LightGBM models. Meanwhile, we screen the most critical 300 features with eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model and send them as the input to the three prediction models. Referring to each of the models, we respectively gain the optimal parameters through grid search methods and then fuse the models' contribution with the linear weighting. The experiments indicate that the proposed approach based on the weighting fusion is better than that provided by a single modeling scheme, and the loss value is 0.4158 under the SMAPE index. • An approach of predicting air quality with fusing the multiple machine learning models. • The machine learning solutions to model PM2.5 pollutant concentration distribution feature. • The time sliding means for developing one million more data items. • The fusion of multiple models under linear weighting strategy. The experiments indicate that the approach based on the weighting fusion is better than that provided by the single modeling scheme, and the loss value is 0.4158 under the SMAPE index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent vehicles face a more complex driving environment, which requires their path planning algorithms to have the ability to respond quickly to complex environmental changes. Therefore, it is very necessary to plan the optimal path for smart vehicles in real-time. Recently, the convergence of graph dynamics and its equivalence with the shortest path solution have been proved, and the biased minimum consensus algorithm has been successfully applied to the shortest path planning problem. In this paper, considering the road conditions (degree of congestion, whether an accident occurred, etc.) and the Euclidean distance of the route, we improve biased minimum consensus algorithm to achieve optimal path planning in the complex situation of real-time updating of road conditions. In the simulation, we used the algorithm for path planning in the road topological maps of Beijing City, and compared with the RRT (Rapidly-exploring Random Trees Algorithm) algorithm and the BRRT (Bidirectional Rapidly-exploring Random Trees Algorithm) algorithm. The improved biased minimum consensus algorithm has better performance in real-time path planning problems. The research results shed new light on the real-time dynamic path planning in real traffic, which has practical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanisation and rural-urban labour mobility are two founding traits of China's contemporary society and socio-economic model. The connection between the two and the peculiar social mobility control system still in force, which bars non-urban residents from accessing basic services in the city, creates a new form of social stratification between the "centre" and the "periphery" of urban society, as well as a new subject in the city - one not fully urban, nor still peasant, but remaining an outsider in the city. Migrant-worker communities have formed, one of the foremost being Beijing's Picun urban village. In this paper, I analyse a corpus of poems published online in recent years by members of a literature group of migrant workers based in Picun. Reading them as a case of subjective representation of the social space of the city and the authors' positioning in its web of social relations, and adopting a socio-literary approach, I particularly focus on the relation with the rural home, urban alienation and anomie, and the effort for symbolic recognition, locating this production in the larger spheres of contemporary migrant-worker literature and urban literature. By doing so, I demonstrate that such a literature challenges the coherence and uniformity of the city's "text" (and identity), offering a multi-layer perspective of the socio-cultural production of urban space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate prediction on influent wastewater quality is of great importance to energy saving and chemical dosage reduction of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, the existing methods ignore the data noise caused by water sensors working in harsh conditions and the intrinsic variable dynamics inherent in the time series of wastewater quality. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel approach called wt-ResLSTM (w avelet t ransform and Res idual L ong S hort- T erm M emory) to predict the influent wastewater quality. Specifically, we adopt wavelet transform and semi-soft thresholding to remove the noise from influent wastewater quality data adaptively. Then, we use autoencoder to learn the latent representation of the recent fluctuation of wastewater quality to capture its transient uncertainty. Further, the residual LSTM is adopted to learn both the long-term and short-term sequential dependencies of influent wastewater quality from the historical wastewater quality and the latent representation of its recent fluctuation. Experiments on the dataset from a large-scale urban WWTP in Beijing demonstrate that the proposed wt-ResLSTM approach outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in predicting influent wastewater quality in terms of level accuracy and directional accuracy. • This paper proposes a novel approach called wt-ResLSTM for the prediction on influent wastewater quality. • The wt-ResLSTM approach considers both noise removal and transient uncertainty in recent fluctuations of wastewater quality. • The wt-ResLSTM approach can be used to accomplish precise control of WWTPs for energy saving and chemical dosage reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reasonable allocation of carbon emission quotas is essential to improving the national unified carbon trading market. A bankruptcy game model is developed for allocating carbon emission quotas to Chinese provinces based on bankruptcy theory and the Nash bargaining game. The model takes into account the disparities that exist among these provinces. The allocation scheme under the carbon peak target can be obtained by using the projection pursuit model and the subject satisfaction function. The findings reveal that certain eastern provinces bear a greater responsibility in terms of historical carbon emissions. Furthermore, the rampant transfer of carbon emissions from energy-rich to energy-demanding regions has exacerbated the imbalance in regional development. Interestingly, the carbon emission demands are fulfilled in some provinces situated in the coastal regions of the southwest and southeast, such as Beijing, Tianjin, and Fujian. However, certain provinces in the northeast express the lowest levels of satisfaction with their carbon quota allocation, necessitating a greater burden of carbon emission reduction in the future. The research offers significant implications for regional development and carbon reduction efforts. • A bankruptcy game model is developed for allocating carbon emission quotas. • The model takes into account disparities between the provinces. • The bankruptcy theory and Nash bargaining game are used in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To calculate the public transit accessibility value and its differences in a particular area to surrounding regions, this paper raised a new concept-- Area Public Transit Accessibility (APTA). This concept is based on the passenger travel behavior, travel psychology hypothesis and the service range of transit network and road network. By using the software –ArcGIS, this paper established the formula and showed the calculation steps. This method was applied to evaluate the accessibility values of every traffic zone in Beijing Chaoyang district. The results showed that the APTA can give us a clear description of the accessibility value level in a particular area to surrounding regions, which provides quantitative information for location analysis and public transit network optimization [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PM2.5 concentration in Beijing China has become a focus for government and common people. It has been explored through source apportionment that heating generates significant influence on PM2.5 concentration in Beijing. However, there has still been great difficulty of quantitatively measuring the impact. In this paper, the author, taking PM2.5 in Beijing as research object, establishes a model of heating influence on PM2.5 emission. Data about the city's boiler number, distribution, fuel consumption as well as rural fuel consumption have been obtained through questionnaire. With the adoption of coefficients for producing and emitting pollutants, influence of heating factors in Beijing on PM2.5 concentration is evaluated quantitatively. High accuracy of the model in the paper has been proved through comparison with data of 2014 Beijing PM2.5 concentration monitored by Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection. According to evaluation result 10.9, heating contributes to 13.7% of PM2.5 emission in Beijing, 9.9% and 3.8% from the six urban districts and rural areas respectively. It has been suggested that measures including decreasing heating temperature should be adopted to alleviate PM2.5 pollutions in Beijing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the water-deficient area, river-changed ponds are common and vital for aquatic species. This paper studies the relationship between the environmental factors and the benthic invertebrate communities in varying ponds under river habitat modifications (RHM). For analysis, numerous samples are collected from river-changed ponds in Beijing, China. These ponds are classified into five types, including totally reinforced ponds, channel reinforced ponds, bank reinforced ponds, natural ponds, and restored ponds. Results indicate: 1) the biodiversity of benthic invertebrates is dependent strongly on the pond type; 2) habitat quality explains a considerable amount of variations in benthic invertebrate communities, and RHM show strong power in explaining variations in habitat quality; 3) RHM on the pond bank has stronger impact on the habitat quality than that on the pond bottom. These findings suggest that RHM can affect the benthic invertebrate community through changing habitat quality. And we suggest that ecological restoration of pond bank should be a useful way to improve invertebrate biodiversity for rive-changed ponds in Beijing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurements of speciated atmospheric mercury play a key role in identifying mercury behavior in the atmosphere. In this study, we measured speciated atmospheric mercury, including gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), and particulate bound mercury (PBM) (<2.5 μm), in 2015 and 2016 at an urban site in Beijing, China. The mean concentrations of GEM, RGM, and PBM were 4.70 ± 3.53 ng m−3, 18.47 ± 22.27 pg m−3, and 85.18 ± 95.34 pg m−3, respectively. The concentration of PM 2.5 significantly affected the distribution of reactive mercury between the gaseous and particulate phases. With the raising of PM 2.5 levels, PBM concentrations increased, on the contrary, the concentrations of RGM decreased gradually. The mean concentration of PBM during air-pollution events was more than three times that during clear days. During days with air pollution, the relative humidity significantly affected the gas-particle partitioning of reactive mercury. The linear relationships between gas-particle partitioning coefficient and meteorological factors (air temperature and relative humidity) were obtained over the four seasons. The data also showed that the gas-particle partitioning coefficient of reactive mercury was related to particle composition (e.g., Cl−, BC). The data present in this paper suggested the influence of anthropogenic emissions on reactive mercury in Beijing urban. And the findings will contribute to understand the gas-particle partitioning of reactive mercury and its influencing factors with complex urban pollution. Image 1 • Three speciated atmospheric mercury exhibited obviously seasonal and diurnal variations. • Increasing PM 2.5 led to a decrease in RGM levels and an increase in PBM levels. • Temperature, relative humidity, and particle composition were important factors in determining the reactive mercury gas-particle partitioning. PM 2.5 levels influenced the RGM and PBM concentrations, and the important factors that affect the reactive mercury gas-particle partitioning were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds composed of at least two benzene rings. This paper reviews the characteristics, sources and health risk of airborne particulate PAHs in Chinese cities. The airborne particulate PAH concentrations varied from 3.35 to 910 ng m−3, with an average of 75.0 ng m−3, and the pollution level of PAHs in northern cities was generally higher than that in southern cities. The PAH concentrations in different cities underwent similar seasonal variations, with high concentrations in the winter and relatively low concentrations in the summer. Many factors, such as meteorological conditions and source emissions, influenced the spatiotemporal pattern of PAHs. High temperatures, frequent flow exchanges, abundant rainfall and strong solar radiation reduced the level of particulate PAHs in the atmosphere. The historical changes in the level of airborne particulate PAHs in four cities were analyzed. The PAH concentrations in Beijing and Taiyuan presented a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while the level of particulate PAHs in Nanjing and Guangzhou had a decreasing tendency from year 2000–2015. The airborne particulate PAHs in cities were derived from several sources, including coal combustion, vehicle emissions, coking industries, biomass burning and petroleum volatilization. The results of a health risk assessment indicated that the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for people in the northern cities was higher than that for people in the other regions, especially during the cold season. Moreover, adults were at greater risk than people in other age groups, and the health risk to females was slightly higher than that to males. The potential risk of airborne particulate PAH exposure was relatively high in some cities, and controlling PAH emissions at the source should be required to prevent pollution. Image 1 • The contamination status of particulate PAHs in Chinese cities was reviewed. • Meteorological conditions and source emissions were the main factors influenced the spatiotemporal variations of PAHs. • Adults had higher potential risks than the other age groups. The concentrations, spatiotemporal variations, influencing factors and potential health risk of airborne particulate PAHs in Chinese cities were reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed an active greenhouse heating system which focused on the problem of crop growth under extreme cold weather. At the beginning, heat transfer process of heating system was analysed based on thermal equilibrium theory. Radial and axial heat conduction mathematical analysis model of temperature control system were established respectively. Then, numerical simulation of temperature distribution was carried out by means of finite element method (FEM) software. When the effective operation range (later referred to as Qf) was defined with soil temperature more than 15 °C at 20 cm underground, opening temperature of heating system should be no less than 28 °C. Simulation results show that an increase of air inlet temperature by 2 °C could extend axial effective operating range by 2.4 m-2.8 m. Later, field test was implemented in greenhouses which located in Changping district, Beijing. Finally, compared with simulation data, the field testing data shows that the perturbation law of heating system heat transfer process on shallow and deep layer soil temperature is consistent with theoretical analysis. The numerical simulation could help to guide the temperature control of greenhouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the DBSCAN analysis, kernel density analysis and word cloud analysis, this paper analyzed the composition types and spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of catering points and catering clusters form macro, meso and micro dimensions within 5th ring road in Beijing with the caterings POI data in 2012, 2014 and 2016. The conclusions are as follows: first: (1) The number of total catering POI increased by about 6 times, and the center of the whole data shows a tendency to move from west to southeast. There is little change of quantity of total catering clusters. The distribution is relatively uniform. The scale of single catering cluster grows significantly, and the large-scale clusters have contiguous trends and the number of clusters in Chaoyang has been the largest, in Dongcheng and Xicheng varies at least. (2) The large-scale catering clusters are mainly distributed in the CBD, Sanlitun, Nanluoguxiang, Wangfujing, Zhongguangcun, and the scale of some clusters fluctuates. As the proportion of composition of main clusters, the Chinese food and casual dining continues to increase, while the western food decreased, there are similar trends in the type of catering. (3) The diversity of catering brands has increased year by year, among them, the proportion of small dining sites such as Shaxian snacks has increased obviously, and the proportion of fast food such as KFC has declined slightly but still considerable, and the time-honored brand such as Quanjude accounted for a downward trend. Second, the results obtained by POI data of time series are more objective and accurate. It is a meaningful attempt of data mining and analysis in the era of big data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents our participant observation in two urbanized villages in the northern suburb of Beijing. One is Dongxiaoko u (DXK), a concentrated garbage sorting/trading center, which expanded unexpectedly in the 2000s and crashed recently due to urban expansion, illustrating the distressing challenge of waste as it is gradually exposed to urban governance in China. The other is Zhenggezhuang (ZGZ), an urbanized village built by the local collective entity not far away from DXK. We initiated a community-based recycling program in this village. With the background of the municipality's efforts to remake the waste/recycling space into an “urban circular economic system”, we address the evolution of diversification and constant linkage between these two villages. In conclusion, we generalize the result of the research to give implications to the cross-scale interactions among the community action, the urban waste management system and the producer responsibility scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: With the urban rail transit network in Beijing becoming gradually intensive, the passenger flow organization also develops towards the type of the network mode. This paper analyzes the development trend of the urban rail transit network in Beijing. On the basis of a reasonable classification of emergencies occurred in urban rail transit, this paper puts forward the passenger organization model of rail transit network under emergency conditions, and then set a certain train accident of Beijing Metro Line 1 as an example to illustrate the practical application of the passenger emergency organization mode. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper describes the development of a forecasting model, named the emergy-based urban dynamic model capable of accurately simulating the observed resource consumption, economic growth and environmental impact of Beijing. This model differs from previous urban emergy models by monitoring the negative effects to human well-being and ecosystem integrity in the developing urban system. A fresh perspective focuses on urban comprehensive performance linking such impacts to a supply-side environmental cost evaluation (including ecological service supply, ecological and economic losses and investment for treatment). In this introductory paper, we present the conceptual considerations of the most important components of the emergy-based urban dynamic model: the urban assets, lands, capitals, population, water resources, economic and environmental loss. Each subsystem in this model will enrich the feedback dynamics, policy levers and post-scenario analyses. Statistical Information and calibration are also considered in this dynamic emergy accounting. This study advances the temporal dynamic principles of emergy accounting through integrating upstream and downstream evaluation methods to quantify the environmental impact by addressing specific damages to human health and ecosystem''s integrity and by linking such impacts to a supply-side environmental cost evaluation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Remote sensing has become an important method for monitoring urban thermal environment, but, it is still difficult to analysis the spatio-temporal change of urban thermal environment quantitatively only by ground surface temperature (or brightness temperature). Three indexes on urban thermal environment monitoring are proposed in this paper: heat island intensity, heat field intensity index and heat island proportion index. Based on MODIS surface temperature products and FY3A/MERSI data of two years, urban thermal environment is monitored by remote sensing method in Beijing. The empirical results verify that three indexes proposed in this paper are meaningful in monitoring of urban heat island. It can not only monitor the intensity and changes of the urban heat island in Beijing effectively, but also, it is positive to carrying out meteorological operations in city thermal environment monitoring. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the comprehensive development of society and economy in China, rural urbanization is the inevitable trend of rural development. But eco-environmental problems gradually became more and more outstanding during the process of rural urbanization and became the limit factors of rural comprehensive development. On the basis of analyzing the process of rural urbanization in Beijing since new china was founded, the paper made a systemic discussion on the main environmental problems emerged during the process of rural urbanization. This paper provided some references for the sustainable development of rural development in Beijing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The economic development model of Mountainous Valley areas was put forward by Beijing government in order to fit in with the needs of ecosystems conserve and socio-economic development in mountain areas. It had achieved remarkable results in practice. The basic content and the problems faced by the model were both described in this paper. Based on theory of regional economic development, the paper proposed the development thought of “multi-point and one line” and “A line with multi-center” space layout and relative safeguard measures of valley areas. This research can provide reference for relevant departments to formulate economic development policies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Compared to big satellites, small satellites are more sensitive to disturbances and likely to have more jitter due to their instability. In some of the acquired Beijing-1 small satellite panchromatic images, the artefact caused by jitter greatly reduces image qualities by bringing jagging to edges of the observed objects. In this paper, researches of the artefact are conducted with the jagged images. First, on theoretic bases and with image verification, properties of the Beijing-1 small satellite artefact are analyzed and a model is set up, then, accordingly artefact removal methods are brought up from similarity analysis of the image lines. Thorough discussions for usability of the methods are done and resulting in a conclusive strategy. Tests of the strategy with real and simulated artefactual images gain favorable results. Researches in this paper provide practical ground image processing solutions for settling of the artefact problem. Analyses of artefact properties can also provide assistance to searching for incentives of the artefact. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper we give an overview of the situation of CO2 emissions in both Beijing and Tokyo and discuss and compare the causes for their emission changes according to decomposition based on both social activities and fuel varieties. We find that in order to enjoy a sustainable development, Beijing needs to learn from Tokyo especially in energy consumption area. At the end of the paper, the cooperation between these two metropolises is summarized. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This emergy-based urban economic account provided a historical portrait of the urban economy and its structures to understand the overload of the biosphere‘s assimilative capacity. The basic situation of the urban economy, involving the indigenous resources base, emergy consumption patterns, emergy exports and imports, was investigated, accounted and discussed. Using a series of ratios and indices arising from emergy analysis, including emergy intensity, environmental load ratio and environmental sustainability, this paper analyzed the economic development in Beijing during the years of 1999 to 2006 and the heavy pressure it has put on the environment. Results showed that the development of economy in Beijing was closely correlated with the consumption of the non-renewable resources and it was exerting rising loads on the environment. Of the total emergy use by the economic system, the imported non-renewable resources from other provinces contributed most with increasing use from imported nonrenewable resources. Emergy intensity kept rising during the periods, with the increase of the environmental loads. The pressure of environmental protection, which was caused by the over-heated investments in Beijing, could be released after the completion of the infrastructure construction. On the whole, the results of this paper outlined a frame of reference towards how the urban metabolic analysis could drive the economic policies and sustainability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Chinese government committed to reducing carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40% to 45% by 2020. As the capital and one of the biggest cites, Beijing expected to both keep higher GDP growth than average and cut unit GDP carbon emission, and has to adjust the relevant energy strategy in near future. The paper analysis the characteristics of energy supply and energy consumption in Beijing, and setups the economic-energy-environment-oriented reference energy system (RES), selects MARKAL as the optimal model and constructs districted multi-period linear programming matrix, which including 15 energy carriers, 4 energy processes, 17 energy conversions, and 18 energy end-use sets. Furthermore, the paper designs 11 scenarios in various pollute emission restrictions, and establishes the total economic cost as the optimize target, the low-carbon emission as main restriction, to obtain the suitable energy supply structure and end-use technology structure. At last, we have the conclusion that Beijing can attach the demands of cutting carbon emissions per unit of GDP by 45% under the scheduled GDP growth. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In conjunction with ecological service, in this study a definition for water eco-service is proposed, as well as a novel model designed for water eco-service assessment and compensation in a coal mining region based on the complex ecosystem theory. As a case study, the model was applied to assess the impact of coal mining on local water eco-service, economy, and society in the Mentougou District through cost–benefit analysis. A multi-compensation system that includes financial compensation, water resource supplementation and industry support, as well as capacity-building was also designed. The results show that water eco-service in the coal mining region of Mentougou has been damaged in four aspects (resource, environment, habitat, and disaster) with the damage valued at $5.54 million. It was also found that coal enterprises and both the Mentougou and Beijing governments are responsible for the multi-compensation to the damaged mining region at specific proportions and in various ways. The multi-compensation measures and schemes in both temporal and spatial scales are outlined in this paper and this study provides new theories on and methods for water ecological compensation in coal mining areas where reconstruction is needed. This paper will provide decision-making basis for policymakers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Energy consumption is a technical issue or a spatial structure issue? Aim of this paper is to study the impact of population density and energy consuming density to space together on energy consuming with urban districts of Beijing. The author of this paper puts two kinds of factors including economic and technological ones, and urban space context factors with energy consuming together into a model. LMDI method will be employed to do the analysis. It is concluded that non-economic and non-technological factors were also significant to reduce energy consumption. Even population density did not contribute to reduction of energy consuming, when it was combined with energy consuming density to space together, the contribution was efficient. It indicates that compacted urban space with low-carbon city is the most efficient way to reduce energy consuming in urban areas. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RIUDS [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: According to the problem that in what scope can subway engineering influence the prices of peripheral real estate, this paper summarized the problems in similar research presented, and put forward that the influence is taken by factors of person, and the influence can be studied by the probability of choosing subway. Different from other similar research, based on the analysis of the factors which can influence people choose subway or not, this paper constructs the logistic model. Testing the model by using the research data of Beijing, this paper get the list on which we know in what scope can subway engineering influence the surrounding real estate prices by adjusting the logistic model variable X4. Finally, discussed the model applicability and in different cities to application. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: To establish a healthy and sustainable policy-driven agricultural insurance scheme, a discussion of the importance of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) is timely in light of the challenges that governments are facing against the backdrop of increasing scale and frequency of major agro-related natural disasters across the globe. Most recently in 2008, it is reported a total of 137 natural catastrophes led to overall economic losses of USD258 billion in the world. Moreover, as complexity and costs escalate, neither group - public nor private - can meet the challenge alone. This is particularly true for agricultural industry and rural areas in emerging economies that lack sufficient funds to deal with the increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters. Public private partnerships (PPPs), especially those involving reinsurance and capital market solutions, can improve risk management and prepare stakeholders for the consequences of uncertainties. A recent example is the agricultural reinsurance contract signed by the Beijing Municipal Government and Swiss Re. In 2007, Beijing imposed a new agricultural insurance policy for local farmers to promote the development of urban agriculture. Under the new policy, the Beijing municipal and district governments subsidized farmers up to 75% who buy agricultural insurances for certain crops/livestock, and 50% of management costs of the participating insurers are shouldered by governments. The municipal government also set up a protection funds for agro-related natural catastrophe events and regulated the loss ratio of 160% as an attachment point to start up the fund. In this paper, we apply the non-parameter information-diffusion model to stimulate possibility of different loss incurred in Beijing using time-series combined loss ratio data of historical agricultural insurance business. The results show that the current attachment point of protection fund, 160%, will impose additional financial burden to local government comparing to higher or lower points. It proves the necessity for government introducing reinsurance in the system to diversify risks and improve efficiency simultaneously. The paper also outlines the overall framework of Beijing agricultural insurance scheme for each stakeholder including direct insurers and reinsurers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

With the widespread application of digital technology in the intelligent transportation field, the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) pattern, which utilizes electric vehicles (EVs) as the distributed storage resources of electric energy, has won increasingly more attention from authorities and decision-makers to promote the sustainable development of regenerative clean energy. This paper aims to study the interaction and integration problem between EVs and grid for the digital V2G platform, so as to support load aggregators making scheduling decisions. According to the variable-scale data analysis theory, a space–time scale space model is established to describe the demand response behavioral feature of EV users, and the lightning-Scale Transformation method (LST) is also proposed. Compared to the original unidirectional scale transformation modes, the LST is capable of adjusting the space and time observation scale collaboratively. A vehicle-to-grid scheduling method based on the lightning-Scale Transformation (V2G-LST) is put forward, in order to make scheduling plans by considering EV users' behavioral feature and charger resource constraints. We collect the real dataset from 863 Beijing charging stations using the APIs of Amap, as well as the investigation data of the State Grid Corporation of China to verify the efficacy of our proposed method. Comparative experimental results verify that the V2G-LST could obtain the lower dispatch cost and higher EV charger usage rate than the maximum dispatchable quantity first method EVC-MDQ under both charging and discharging scenarios. • A space–time scale space model is established to describe demand response behaviors of EV users. • The lightning-Scale Transformation method is proposed, which could adjust space and time scale. • A vehicle-to-grid scheduling method is proposed to support load aggregators making decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sharp rise in internet technology, and the influence of social media, along with the widespread use of affordable, intelligent devices, have significantly altered the way that users obtain information. The task here is to profit from massive amounts of data and the competence of the public to detect, when, and how the information is distributed, what people think or talk about it in social networks. Poor air quality is a grave concern for public health. Efficient and practical approaches are needed to detect harmful emissions. This paper evaluates the possible use of social networking sites by comparing Twitter data and justifying it with existing air monitoring stations to observe the air contamination of a metropolitan city. An Extended Temporary Memory (ETM) approach to air quality forecasting is proposed in this paper; besides, meteorological data are utilized with public perception, and Air Quality Forecast (AQF) response using social media is examined. Daily data on Air Quality (AQ), climatological conditions, and Weibo reception statistics have been collected in the city of Beijing, between January 2019 and December 2019. As a proxy for audience response, the mean emotion of the relevant posts has been used. Based on real figures, the performance of the proposed model has been assessed. Qualitative findings show that, out of 71.2% of air quality notifications, 80.7% of which were the first-hand study. Among the results, 31% reported aggressive behavior, while 20% shared a concern about safety. The findings have demonstrated that the suggested approach, which requires community feedback records, is ideally adapted for forecasting pollution levels in serious short-tenure communal incidents and offers rapid societal evaluation and ecological recommendations. • Measured the regular average, and deleted records of null values. • Include average daily temperature, dew level, moisture, intensity, humidity. • This paper evaluates the possible use of social networking sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the capital of China, Beijing is regarded as a major metropolis in the world. Study of the variation in temporal energy intensity generated by the driving forces in Beijing can provide guidance for policy decisions on energy consumption in global metropolises. In this paper, we established Beijing energy-input-output tables from 1997 to 2012 in 2002 constant price. Based on the tables we use the structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to decompose energy intensity into five determining factors: Energy input coefficient, technology coefficient (Leontief inverse coefficient), final demands structure by product, final demands by category and final energy consumption coefficient. The results show that (1) During 1997 and 2012, Beijing energy intensity had continued to decline, and the energy input coefficient and final demands by category are the main factor help to decrease the energy intensity. (2) Energy input coefficient plays a vitally important role to energy intensity decrease, which may be due to the increase of the proportion of the tertiary industry. (3) The change of final demands structure by product is a driving force to make energy intensity rising except for 2002-2007, and technology coefficient (Leontief inverse) has impact on energy intensity increase except for 2007-2012. (4) The effect of final energy consumption coefficient is gradually weakened role on energy intensity. This study showed how the “top-down” IO-SDA methodology was implemented on a city scale. Policy implications from this study would be helpful for addressing energy consumption in global capital cities and metropolises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]