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A list of papers related to communication research in English is presented which includes "Indian Satellite Programming: Negotiating Modernity in Serialized TV Fiction," by Norbert Wildermuth, "The Use of Internet Media at Home: Purposes for Use in Everyday Life," by Boel Elmroth and "The Library of Life is in Fire: Metaphors of Biodiversity in Journalism," by Lina Hellsten.

Merits and drawbacks exist in all forms of media across the world, so Pacific Islanders would do well to deeply consider the kind of journalism they want to cultivate in their region. While exposition of media freedom issues is important, there are other ways to progress the media freedom cause aside from raising awareness and discussing the issue explicitly. Media outlets and professionals should stay mindful that they have a role to play in shaping and informing policy discussions and need to recognise that the internet and social media are changing the game--and both government and traditional media can engage more with the online world. The author argues that better connectivity and engagement between media, government and international organisations can help improve quality journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of my article is to analyse the language utilized by the media as a representation of the evolution of the rapports existing between social and linguistic changes. Starting from two articles from 1978 and 1996 I would like to reveal the linguistic characteristics of each period. The linguistic material described has hybrid features being situated between institutional political discourse and ordinary discourse practices. Thus, the printed media are the privileged place used to identify lexical habits concerning politics. The main conclusions of this analysis are connected to the dynamics of linguistic modifications. During the 1970's, one could notice the correspondence between political stability and linguistic stagnation while during the 1990's, language (mainly political vocabulary) proved to be unstable and innovative. In this way, these lexical changes are the logical product of a restructuring phase of the partisan offer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dietary supplements are the most used complementary and alternative health modality in the United States, and omega-3 supplements continue to be the most popularly used nonvitamin or nonmineral supplements by adults. Users of dietary supplements report that they obtain health guidance from internet media resources, but there is question as to whether or not these resources provide the necessary evidence to guide health decisions. Current evidence suggests that there is a mistranslation occurring somewhere between researchers and the media. Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative cross-sectional analysis to identify areas of discordance created when science is translated from the laboratory to Web-based news media. Methods: A Google news search provided our convenience sample of 40 omega-3 supplement-based media reports stratified by the years 2009 to 2012. Media reports (n=17) were compared with the corresponding scientific papers for content. Report and scientific paper content were extracted using commonly accepted reporting guideline domains, and domains were then compared for detecting underlying omissions or mistranslations in reporting. Mean scores for all of the scientific papers and media reports were assessed for each domain. Results: Scientific papers (n=14) generally maintained a mean close to complete for each reporting domain. The only domain where there was not a significant difference between media and scientific reporting match was within the objectives domain (χ²1= 0.8, P=.36). Media reports (n=17) more frequently reported potential caveats and warnings for consumers with a mean domain for caveat reporting of 0.88, with possible scores falling between 0 and 1. Conclusions: There are inherent differences in the intended audience, structure, and goals in scientific and media communications. These differences should be explored further, and consumers should be made aware of them. Additional considerations for balanced reporting and reader accessibility are also necessary to take into account and are explored further in this analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of several papers related to mass media, including "The Meaning of Modernization: US media and the Sandinista Story," by Oddgeir Tveiten, "Discourses of Egalitarianism in Popular Journalism: The Case of Norwegian Prime-Time Combined-Genre Shows," by Espen Ytreberg, and "Behind the Media Content: The Liane Model," by Tuomo Mörä.

Copyright of Revista FAMECOS - Mídia, Cultura e Tecnologia is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos PAGU is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia y Comunicación Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas is the property of Centro de Investigacao e Estudos de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper deals with one of the manifestations of current innovative processes in phraseology, i.e. structural-semantic transformations of phraseological units in Russian and Slovak newspaper articles. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of structural-semantic transformations followed by a comparative Russian-Slovak analysis of creative modifications from selected journalistic sources and to summarize certain national-specific features of phraseological transformations in the given languages. Structural-semantic transformations include a spectrum of various types of modifications that affect both the structural and semantic levels of phraseological units. They are popular among journalists because they are an effective means to attract the recipient's attention, to increase the overall expressiveness of the newspaper articles, and to add semantic richness and imagery to transformed phraseological units. We will focus on insertion, substitution of components, phraseological paronomasia, contamination, and phraseological ellipsis. Each type of transformation is distinguished by its characteristic features and fulfils different functions in journalistic style, which we aim to determine throughout the analysis. Incorrect (or inappropriate) transformations of phraseological units are included in the material as well, even though they are not so frequent in journalistic practice. Structural-semantic transformations of phraseological units are widely used in both analysed Slavic languages; however, they appear to be more productive and richer in the Russian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technologies evolution impacts how information is produced and consumed by users. Nonetheless, with the spread of information content available on most online news platforms, the misinformation increases alongside the less credible content. In this scope, the present research aims to develop a technological ecosystem to promote students' writing ability. The system will help students, search for credible content to create school newspapers. Thus, in this article, the architecture of the solution for news writing tool for the Portuguese language is presented. This paper aims to introduce a constructive approach that presents the system architecture that will support the development of a news creation tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a review of literature on the concept of job satisfaction in journalism and explores how job satisfaction has been applied in the journalism field as a new theoretical framework. Specifically, the research questions are about the basic information among the 41 published articles, including (1) the popular journals, (2) the active authors in this field, (3) the popular theories, and (4) the research samples; this paper also examines whether there is a relationship between the time periods (in which the articles were published) and the different independent variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the nature of newspaper coverage of 'cocooning' as a public health measure at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic in Ireland in 2020. The study, which focuses on coverage in The Irish Times, shows that the number of human-interest-framed articles on cocooning was approximately four times greater than the number of informative ones. This suggests that the proportion of human-interest and emotive stories diluted the volume of informative articles. The findings also point to an absence of significant official voices in the coverage of cocooning, such as key ministerial figures, which may have contributed to knowledge gaps. There was also a discernible gender bias, not just in experts quoted but also in the journalists who wrote news and feature articles. The study offers important lessons for government communication strategies in how important public information is provided to target groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the emotive power of two political metaphors in the British political commentator Rafael Behr's opinion writing in The Guardian: B􀶋􀵾􀶑􀶂􀶍 􀶂􀶌 􀵺 􀵽􀶈􀶐􀶇􀵿􀵺􀶅􀶅 and B􀶋􀵾􀶑􀶂􀶍 􀶂􀶌 􀵺 􀶀􀵺􀶆􀵾 􀶈􀶋 􀵺 􀶉􀶅􀵺􀶒. It tracks the degree of emotionality based on De Landtsheer's (2009; 2015) model, which categorizes the emotive power of political metaphors into six levels: everyday-life reality; nature; political, intellectual and technological; disaster and violence; sports, games and drama; body, disease, medical and death. The methodology is predicated on what De Landtsheer (2009; 2015) terms as metaphor content analysis, supported by psycholinguistic and psychological theories as well as the empirical research conducted on the emotive power of political metaphors. Concentrating on the fourth, fifth and sixth levels, we argue that De Landtsheer's categories are flexible and can be reciprocated based on Behr's manipulation of political metaphors and their context. The paper concludes that Behr's political metaphors fall under the fourth, fifth and sixth categories, indicating a tendency to use a high degree of emotionality. One aspect that could perhaps be developed for further analysis is how to measure the actual (rather than only the intended) emotive power of metaphors by developing methods to investigate readers' reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with rhetoric of journalism in a political interview. Scientific objective: To indicate rhetorical devices used by Oriana Fallaci in Interview with History. Research method: The paper is an attempt at rhetorical analysis, and it discusses rhetorical elements appearing in the preface, in the biographical notes of the interviewees, and in the main text. Fallaci’s interviews are arranged on the pillars of complementary modes of persuading — logos, ethos, and pathos. The material is structured according to this key, which allows for discussion of selected rhetorical ways of referring to reason, will, and emotion. Results and conclusions: In relation to the preface, the paper identifies the topos of introduction (novelty, brevity, modesty, and humor), references to the recipient, the author herself, and the topic as a common matter. The biographical notes and main text of interviews demonstrate the function of instruction assigned to rational argumentation and proving. Among the journalist’s techniques belonging to the ethos sphere, axiological argumentation and the use of thought figures (antithesis, discrediting) were pointed out. The pathos sphere was characterized, among others, by discussing the imagery. Cognitive value: The paper fills a gap in research on the Oriana Fallaci’s method — no rhetorical analysis of her conversations has been undertaken so far. The techniques described are not only theoretical but also practical, they can be adapted and developed in media practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Observatorio (OBS*) is the property of OberCom and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista FAMECOS - Mídia, Cultura e Tecnologia is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper concerns the development of the local press in Rzeszow after Poland regained its independence in 1918. Scientific objective: The presentation of the nature of periodicals and the press market in Rzeszow in the first years of the Second Polish Republic (1918–1924). Research methods: Description and analysis of the content of the periodicals published in 1918–1924 in Rzeszow. Results and conclusions: Despite its provincial nature at that time and the relatively underdeveloped press market, several important periodicals were published in Rzeszow. Cognitive value: The paper supplements the image of the local Polish press after 1918 through a more detailed view of the local press published in Rzeszow than it was in previous publications on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper concerns the history of the sociopolitical weekly Polska Walcząca (Eng. Fighting Poland), the first Polish Armed Forces newspaper in the West during World War II. Scientific objective: To present the contributors and circumstances of the establishment of the newspaper, and its functions, including the discussion on journalism genres. Research methods: The method of analyzing the content of the 1939-1949 press was used, i.e. the entire period of publishing the newspaper. Results and conclusions: The weekly fulfilled informational and educational tasks first as a military newspaper, and then as a veterans’ weekly, accompanying Polish emigration in Great Britain. Cognitive value: The paper complements the literature on Polska Walcząca because it contains a possibly full overview of the aspects of functioning of this newspaper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Colección is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Several studies have established that female journalists experience (sexual) harassment and online abuse considerably more than their male colleagues. Understandably, this has resulted in a gap in research – male journalists’ experiences with abusive online communication have not yet been thoroughly studied. This paper seeks to understand how abusive communication is contextualised and defined by male journalists in the context of hegemonic masculinity, and to explore which coping strategies are employed to overcome such experiences. From qualitative in-depth interviews with male journalists (n = 15), we found that participants considered different forms of abusive online communication from readers/sources a normalised practice, “feedback” that one must just ignore or overcome. Experiences are interpreted predominantly in the frame of hegemonic (complicit) masculinity, but the results also indicate that shifts in these rigid norms are emerging and can be embraced when acknowledged and supported by surrounding structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comunicação & Sociedade is the property of Revista Comunicacao & Sociedade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This conceptual paper focusses on two fronts forming a broad assault on journalism, extending from more autocratic settings to include liberal democracies, and leading to what is now widely perceived as a crisis in news. We analyze these two attacks by presenting a framework integrating their sources and causes. We argue that the first attack emanates from commercialized media, occurring at economic and normative level, and has created, at least in part, the conditions that have enabled the more recent attack, which is more directly political, associated with the re-emergence of forces that are loosely categorized as populist. What is new in the second front is the geography and the constitutional nature of the societies in which this antagonism has grown. It extends now to long-established representative democracies that have come to be governed, or where new influence is wielded, by emergent right movements and parties who seek to cast the press as the enemy within. Abuse and even mortal danger increasingly have become part of the occupational reality of news-making. We conclude that this development is inscribed in the current material conditions under which journalists work, as well as in the materiality of the media through which they do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Observatorio (OBS*) is the property of OberCom and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista FAMECOS - Mídia, Cultura e Tecnologia is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reporting on the weather may seem at first glance to be a very light story, but it can actually be a serious reflection of how we see ourselves and our changing perception of the world. In 1996, the author embarked on a light-hearted survey of 23 daily papers to find what New Zealand newspapers' weather reports said about their attitudes to the world. In the middle of the 2020 COVID lockdown he reran the survey to see what had changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Conflict & Communication is the property of Verlag Irena Regener and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On the basis of new experimental data, the present paper was aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of training journalism students through the use of blogs. This study included a field survey, during which the impressions of journalism students from the introduction of blogging in the educational process were analyzed. The examination involved 71 undergraduate journalism students of two Russian and two Kazakhstan universities. Innovative teaching strategies were introduced in the training process of mentioned institutions, and the corresponding methods of conducting specialized classes were developed. The experimental data confirmed several hypotheses related to the effectiveness of blogging in journalism education. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that the proposed approach allows the effective implementation of blogs in journalism training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future is a world that communication serves to anticipate and construct in the present; a world populated by propositions and developments which, before materialising, are often mediated by journalists' everyday decisions concerning newsworthiness, source selection and framing. This category of reporting, which I term 'propositional journalism', plays a vital role in democratic societies by providing the public with a range of options and alternatives to consider. It is also an important source of public optimism--counteracting pervasive disaster, crime and corruption reporting. However, it is a category of reporting that has been subjected to criticism. According to David Beers (2006, p. 121), the news media's reporting of the future is limited by the visions and propositions of, 'corporate-funded think tanks, public relations experts paid by corporations, advertising experts selling us the shape of the new, and government officials beholden to corporate lobbyists. In response to this critique, and a lack of research on proposition-centred reporting in the academic literature, this paper presents the findings from a case study analysis of propositional journalism in Tasmania where, perhaps more than anywhere else, propositions (dams and pulp mills especially) have fixated political discourse and provoked bitter controversy. The study sought to identify whose voices were most prominent in pitching and commenting on propositions and how this type of reporting was framed. Over a six month sample comprising 1,172 proposition-centred articles from the three major, local news outlets--The Mercury (Hobart), The Examiner (Launceston) and ABC Tasmania (statewide)-- the research found that politician and business sources together represented more than two-thirds of all sources. This paper argues that their prominence was legitimised by the metaphorical framing of news articles. The most common framing devices appeared to celebrate leadership qualities which were identified as proficiency in navigation, construction, gambling, nurturance and marketing. These metaphorical virtues tended to legitimise the dominant political and business sources and served to construct alternative sources and propositions as unreliable and illegitimate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important causes for the proclamation of Internal Emergency in India in 1975 was the then Prime Minister, Mrs. Indira Gandhi's belief that following the Allahabad High Court judgment against her newspapers incited the people and created an inflammatory situation. On 26th June, 1975 the government decided that a law should be passed to prevent "scurrilous" and "malicious" writings in newspapers and journals, news agencies would be restructured and Press Council of India wound up. It was felt that the government policy regarding issuing of advertisements to newspapers and magazines should be reviewed. The censorship on the Press, the only independent media in the country, was thus invoked. The reaction of the 'so-called' independent Press, however, left much to be desired and except a handful, the print media presented a reluctant and disinclined picture. The easiness with which it relinquished its independence shocked everyone. The sterility of the fourth estate in India along with the ethics of the Indira government is discussed in this paper. This paper discusses one of the most powerful politicians of India, her most controversial and harsh decision of imposition of Emergency and press censorship and the response of the press thereto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Observatorio (OBS*) is the property of OberCom and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Comunicação Pública is the property of Escola Superior de Comunicacao Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Comunicação Pública is the property of Escola Superior de Comunicacao Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nueva Revista del Pacífico is the property of Universidad de Playa Ancha de Ciencias de la Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Scientific objective: The purpose of the paper is to determine how technology bloggers ensure the communication independence necessary when conducting information-related activities that affect the purchasing decisions of recipients. Research methods: The implementation of the indicated goal was carried out by a case study based on the analysis of the content of the "Kuba Klawiter" channel on YouTube. Results and conclusions: As a result of the conducted research, it was found that technology bloggers construct their own reliability based on a clear distinction of advertising content in created messages, conclusion of partnership and sponsorship agreements only with companies that do not provide technology, personal authenticity, and a certain degree of convergence of their activities with rules of modern journalism. Cognitive value: The presented research can be a starting point for further analyzes devoted to changes in the perception of the status of bloggers and journalists in a network environment, as well as the transformations of the Polish media market occurring as a result of the development of individualized mass communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comunicação & Sociedade is the property of Revista Comunicacao & Sociedade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the main findings of a qualitative study of news on femicides appearing in leading native digital news outlets in Spain. The study focused on 267 news items published in five digital news outlets between 1 January and 31 December 2017. The selection of the news outlets was based on their readership numbers and whether or not their editorial lines adopted a gender or feminist perspective. In order to assess ethical quality, the tool designed by Zurbano-Berenguer and García-Gordillo (2017) was used. Based on this tool, the results indicate the following: (1) news about femicides is of medium quality; (2) native digital news outlets with a gender perspective offer better and higher quality coverage; and (3) the extent to which ethical recommendations are followed is still very patchy, thus calling for more in-depth multi-methodological analyses. These findings allow us to conclude that there is a need to conduct further qualitative research involving media professionals that helps us to understand why, despite the clear recommendations and rules established in media ethical codes, there are still considerable deficiencies in ethical quality and sensitivity when reporting on such a key issue for democratic society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comunicação Pública is the property of Escola Superior de Comunicacao Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revista FAMECOS - Mídia, Cultura e Tecnologia is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Historia y Comunicación Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Comunicação Pública is the property of Escola Superior de Comunicacao Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Comunicação Pública is the property of Escola Superior de Comunicacao Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)