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Care is fundamental to the functioning of households, societies, and economies, contributing to the well-being of individuals and the productivity of the workforce and the economy. Despite its critical role, care, provided mainly by women, has historically been marginalised in economic analysis. The COVID-19 pandemic brought care to the forefront of policy discussions. Today, there is momentum in recognising the value of care. However, challenges remain. The care economy is heterogeneous, including paid and unpaid care, diverse skills and multiple institutions that provide care. Critical political economy issues relate to how care is organised and provided, how it is measured and financed, and who has access to care. Feminist economists have long advocated for the inclusion of care in economic analysis and the understanding of power structures and labour market outcomes for women. In this context, this paper, based on the current literature and data, explores the political economy of valuing care from a development perspective, emphasising the importance of recognising care's role in societies and economies. It highlights the unique characteristics of the care economy and delves into the historical evolution of economic thought on care, highlighting key classical, neo-classical, and feminist economist thinking that shaped the discourse around care in economics. It relates this to the current division of labour inside and outside the home, and its implications for labour market outcomes for women and the need to measure care work, both paid and unpaid. Finally, it highlights the job creation potential in the care economy and the positive externalities of investment in care emphasising its critical role in the political economy for driving structural transformation and economic and social development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper deals with the role of the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) among staff on teaching-only con-tracts in UK higher education, particularly in contrast with the activities of researchactive staff. Drawing on the results of a quantitative study carried out during the summer of 2021 among modern foreign language teachers in 64 UK universities, the questions of the status and purpose of SoTL are addressed. The results of the survey show that, beyond the traditional two-tier division of academic labour based on the research vs. scholarship dichotomy, a third group of academic staff with no research or SoTL responsibilities has emerged in recent years. The paper concludes with recommendations to review the existing divisions between staff on research, SoTL and teaching-only contracts in order to create a more inclusive academic environment where individuals in different types of academic posts can fulfil their scholarly potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study builds on previous theoretical work that considered artificial intelligence (AI) and its potential for creating "teacher-centaurs" whose labor could be accelerated through the use of generative AI (Fassbender, in review). The purpose of this paper is to use empirical methods to study centaur teachers and the division of labor (Durkheim, 1893/2013) that arise from outsourcing teaching tasks to AI. Design/methodology/approach: Multiple case study (Stake, 2006) was used to collect data on two secondary English teachers who were early adopters of generative AI. Data included semi-structured interviews as well as ChatGPT chat logs, which helped in describing how teaching approaches evolved using AI technology. Findings: Results showed that teachers used AI for planning, instruction and assessment. AI-augmented teaching practices allowed teachers to complete tasks with greater speed, which in turn increased stamina and short-term work–life balance. Given the novelty of AI, concerns about data privacy and academic integrity raised ethical questions. Originality/value: ChatGPT's rise to popularity in 2023 brought with it significant discussions about education, specifically how students would use AI primarily as a tool for plagiarism. This study takes a different focus, considering how early adoption of AI has begun changing teacher labor, offering implications for the future of the teaching profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly developed, there has been little research to review, describe, and analyse the trends and development of empirical research on AI-supported language learning. This paper selected and analysed 25 empirical research papers on AI-supported language learning published in the last 15 years. These empirical studies were analysed using the activity theory from seven constituents: tool, subject, object, rules, community, division of labour, and outcome. A key contribution of this paper is the use of activity theory to illustrate the dynamic interactions and contradictions between the seven elements. AI-supported technology as a mediating tool demonstrated some effectiveness in language learning but needs further improvement in the use of language for communication and collaborative design. We argue that teachers’ intervention and configuration of AIsupported language learning in the pedagogical design plays an important role in the effectiveness of learning. More research is needed to explore the use of AI-supported language learning in the classroom or the real-life learning context. Implications for practice or policy: • Research on AI-supported language learning should view teacher and students as active agents in interacting with technology and making transformations in real life learning situations. • More research should focus on productive dialogue and communication in AI-supported language learning with collaborative design. • A mixed module of AI-supported language learning and formal teacher instruction should be incorporated in pedagogical design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Using technology space analysis, the paper examines how and where the world city network is digitally transforming. • The paper cross-fertilizes insights from world city research, financial geography and evolutionary economic geography. • The paper utilizes near real-time data as an alternative to patent data to build technology spaces. • The paper shows that specializing in digital technologies allows some cities to gain prominence in the world city network. The Advanced Producer Services (APS) sector, long considered to be the vanguard of the knowledge economy and world-city formation, is undergoing a digital transformation. Digital transformation entails an increased engagement with digital technologies in the operation, product offerings and strategies of APS firms, with potentially transformative implications. Such digitization processes are well-established in the morphing of finance into FinTech, with the other APS sub-sectors now allegedly catching-up as evidenced by the arrival of LegalTech, AccountTech, RegTech, PropTech, and AdTech. Moreover, the digital transformation could imply that Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) services are again becoming central to the APS complex after two decades of being largely omitted from world city research. Adopting an evolutionary economic geography perspective, we introduce a new approach that utilizes near real-time data sources to compare local technology spaces with the global picture of digital transformation in world cities. Building a dataset containing information from 40,754 APS start-ups and scale-ups derived from Dealroom.co , this paper explores the geographically uneven digital transformation of the APS sector across European and North American world cities. This allows gauging the extent of digital transformation within APS sectors for each selected city, develop new understandings of the division of labour between world cities, and highlight where sector coalescence between APS sectors is occurring and is more likely to occur. In the process we develop new technological indicators of world-cityness that can be used alongside the classic world city connectivity indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociología del Trabajo is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the continuous refinement and cross-integration of China's industrial division of labour, analysis of the dynamic change in the spatial structure of labour force employment provides important insights into the spatial development pattern and industrial layout of China's economy. In this paper, first, the scale and direction of labour flow between industries are measured based on input–output tables for 2007–2017. Second, a labour employment space network of China's industries is constructed using social network analysis. Finally, the characteristics of the spatial structure of China's labour force employment are extracted based on the spatial structure dimensions of points, lines, and networks. The results show that the employment effect on the labour force varies significantly according to diverse industry characteristics. In China, labour- and technology-intensive industries have always been the main absorption sites for labour force employment. As the labour force reservoir effect increases, the attractiveness of capital-intensive industries to the labour force gradually strengthens. Regarding the industrial chain, industry agglomeration within a sector has been shown in the employment space of China's labour force. In particular, the service sector has already been stratified, and the hierarchy in the labour force employment structure is obvious. The networking of employment space indicates that the triangular mode structure with transitivity and interaction promotes the evolution of China's labour employment space and that the trend of a multi-direction cycle network has gradually developed. In summary, the core–periphery heterogeneity spatial structure of the overall distribution of China's labour employment has gradually been strengthened by the properties of agglomeration, hierarchy, and networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facing the increasingly prominent regional and complex air pollution, the division of labor and cooperation is considered to be a necessary means of haze pollution control. During the collaborative governance of haze pollution, there is a game relationship between local governments in the regional alliance. The governments make choices while playing games and cooperating with each other, based on their own benefits. When the local governments in the regional alliance break the administrative boundaries and cooperate together, what kind of mechanism should be established so that all local governments in the entire regional alliance can actively cooperate is the key to the problem. This paper adopts the differential game method to study the mechanism of collaborative governance of regional haze pollution, according to three situations in the haze control within the regional alliance. The results show that the effort of local governments in the region to control haze is negatively correlated with their governance cost; after the introduction of the supervision, assessment, and punishment (SAP) mechanism, the implementation of legally binding constraints on each subject can make local governments more enthusiastic about haze control, and improve the synergistic benefits of haze control. Multiple co-governance, interactive monitoring, and interest compensation are of great significance to improving the coordinated governance of haze pollution among local governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper provides a non-invasive continuous cerebral blood flow assay that utilizes bioimpedance technology to detect and characterize blood flow regulation in functional brain regions due to neural activity. • The impedance systolic wave height and impedance rise time were used to characterize cerebral blood flow and small artery vasodilatation velocity, quantifying the changes and providing more information for cerebral blood supply studies. • This paper explores the effects of different memory loads on bilateral frontal blood supply and comparatively analyzes the differences in blood supply between bilateral frontal lobes. The cerebral blood supply is crucial for normal brain function. This paper aims to detect and describe alterations in blood supply within functional brain regions during working memory (WM), utilizing bioimpedance technology. Methods: We propose a bioimpedance-based method to detect blood supply to functional brain regions. We introduce the impedance systolic wave height and the impedance rise time to characterize cerebral blood flow (CBF) and small artery vasodilation velocity in functional regions. Lastly, we explore blood supply to frontal lobe regions by utilizing changes in impedance parameters under WM loads. Results: Under low WM load, frontal lobe impedance systolic wave height increased by 0.0051–0.0084 Ω, CBF increased by 14.42–22.24 %, impedance rise time decreased by 0.0332–0.0441 s, and small artery vasodilation velocity increased by 9.80–14.36 %. Under high WM load, the impedance systolic wave height increased by 0.0062–0.0104 Ω, CBF increased by 18.62–30.98 %, impedance rise time decreased by 0.0370–0.0597 s, and small artery vasodilation velocity increased by 12.17–19.42 %. Differences in blood supply between the bilateral frontal lobes due to different WM loads and division of labor between brain regions. Conclusion: The bioimpedance technique is effective in detecting blood supply changes in functional brain regions and quantifying CBF and small artery vasodilation velocity by impedance systolic wave height and impedance rise time, which reveal the differences in blood supply in functional brain regions. The method proposed in this paper provides more information for the study of blood supply in functional brain regions and lays the foundation for further research on bioimpedance detection of brain function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the global division of labor system has entered a period of accelerated reconstruction. How to use the new generation of digital technology to achieve high-quality development of China's export trade has become the key to promoting the new development pattern of dual circulation at home and abroad. Based on the export technical complexity of 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2020, this paper uses entropy weight TOPSIS to measure the development level of provincial digital economy, and deeply analyzes the impact and internal mechanism of digital economy on China's export technical complexity. The study found that the digital economy has significantly promoted the upgrading of China's export technology, and this improvement effect is most obvious in the eastern region. But the export quality of the western region has a negative inhibitory effect. From the perspective of the impact mechanism, the digital economy can achieve export technology upgrading by promoting knowledge spillover and accelerating the marketization process. From the perspective of industrial transformation and upgrading, the development of the digital economy accelerates the technological upgrading of export products through the upgrading of industrial structure, but it has no obvious impact on the rationalization of industrial structure. Further tests show that the effect of digital economy on the upgrading of export product quality is more prominent in low-tech industries. The conclusions of this paper provide data support and analysis perspective for exploring the innovative development of trade led by digital economy and enhancing the international competitiveness of China's foreign trade. It provides new ideas for improving the quality of China's high-quality external circulation development under the background of digital economy, and provides policy reference for the organic combination of digital economy development strategy and foreign power strategy. • This study examines how digital economy accelerates China's export technology upgrading. • We measure the digital economy indexes and export technical complexity (EXPY) in China. • The digital economy positively affects EXPY through two dimensions: "knowledge spillover" and "marketization process". • The effect of the digital economy on export technical complexity is heterogeneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its ubiquitous adoption in the workplace and home, research suggests that multitasking is not an effective strategy for productivity (Cabrera, 2016; Crews & Russ, 2020). Workplace demands and the disproportionate division of labor in the home make multitasking unavoidable, indispensable and a necessary coping tool, especially for women with professional and domestic responsibilities (Holdsworth, 2020; Kirchberg et al., 2015). Women multitask more than men do and are also perceived to be better multitaskers than men but sadly multitasking decreases productivity and increases error rates (Cabrera, 2016; Crews & Russ, 2020). The purpose of this concept paper is to share research on multitasking and its effects on productivity and to assist women in making informed decisions about whether multitasking is a strategy or a pitfall for career advancement. We offer perspectives on why women multi-task, the challenges associated with multitasking and cultural differences to be considered. We conducted a literature review and concluded that multitasking is the de facto coping strategy for most women in the modern-day era given the competing demands on their time. We also suggested strategies for career advancement in professional and personal spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern-day coral reef conservation requires connections between researchers, decision-makers and stakeholders to achieve holistic ecosystem-based management (EBM), rooted in and supported by local communities. However, the COVID-19 pandemic, global political and financial instability and growing concerns over emissions from air travel have meant that face-to-face meetings and in-person fieldwork are increasingly difficult for many researchers at distant institutions. In this paper we discuss how to achieve EBM remotely, using a combination of freely available online data, remote fieldwork techniques and virtual communication and engagement tools. We highlight resources that have been useful in our work for components of overseas EBM and discuss lessons learned from those experiences. There are benefits to remote working, including reduced carbon emissions and travel costs, the ability to record and re-use electronic training materials, the ability to reach a wider audience than through face-to-face meetings and an increased reliance and division of labour with local researchers and stakeholders. However, developing new relationships and gaining a deeper contextual understanding of the local site and culture is not easily replaced by online or remote methods. Post-COVID-19, it is likely that some aspects of remote working within coral reef conservation will continue, as in many other aspects of global collaboration. We propose a blended approach where much of the work and collaboration is conducted online, but with some in-person visits to develop the key relationships or decisions are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeological excavations in the western half of Anatolia in the Lake District and the Aegean coast had provided significant findings on how and when the Neolithic lifestyle emerged in these regions. However, until the beginning of archaeological excavations at Ekşi Höyük, our knowledge about the Neolithisation of the Upper Menderes Basin, which lies between these two regions, was limited to the Neolithic settlements identified during surface surveys. With the start of excavations at Ekşi Höyük, one of the oldest known settlements in Western Anatolia, it became clear how and when the Neolithic lifestyle emerged in the region. The excavations at Ekşi Höyük have also provided detailed information on the diet, raw material use, division of labour and specialisation of Neolithic communities in the Upper Menderes Basin. This paper presents the results of these excavations between 2015 and 2020. A combination of locus and code systems was adopted to record fieldwork, and vector drawing software was used for digitising finds and architectural remains. The distribution of finds and analyses of site use was carried out using GIS software. The ceramics' internal and external surface colours were measured with spectrocolorimetry equipment, and the additives were determined by macroscopic observations. Chipped stone finds were analysed typologically, and macroscopic observations were used to identify obsidian sources. Animal remains are presented statistically by species and age. The demographic distribution of the human remains and the identified diseases are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TESL Canada Journal / Revue TESL du Canada is the property of TESL Canada Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Szociológiai Szemle is the property of Hungarian Sociological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many commentators profess that if all people, particularly black people, favored black-owned businesses at the expense of other businesses, this would redound to the benefit of the black community. The present paper makes the opposite case: such a policy would reduce the prosperity this demographic might otherwise enjoy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current dynamics of the global political economy are depressing: A multidimensional climate crisis is taking on speed; new pandemic waves with unknown lethal consequences are building up; National capitalism - bent to become a new form of fascism - raises its head and the return to military conflict solution makes a 3rd World War possible. But despite these gloomy perspectives it remains true that mankind so far has mastered all difficulties as soon as it became aware of them. Our species in principle has all means - physically and intellectually - to let a new Atlantis rise. And the guidelines how to overcome the above mentioned three crises, are delivering the blueprint of the organizational design of such a new Atlantis. This paper explores this exciting hypothesis. The first goal to reach clearly is to avoid a 3rd World War, which means to defeat the fascist movements in the world. As the 20th century showed, fascism developed out of nationalism, which in turn was nourished by a nationwide controlled class rule, a form of military (and police) governed capitalist exploitation. This currently so successful form of capitalism (China, Russia, USA) is defined as 'National Capitalism'. It corresponds to what I called disintegrating capitalism in (Hanappi 2019a). Being victorious, to have overcome national capitalism, means to have been able to establish a global democratic government. To get there the progressive opposition to National Capitalism has to develop theory, strategy and practice. As described in (Hanappi 2020) a certain degree of division of progressive labor activities - the emergence of a global class of organic intellectuals2 - will be needed. Only with global governance the other two crises, the climate crisis and the future global health crises, can be overcome. Since they are already here and help to make the impasse of capitalism, of national capitalism, become very visible to every human individual, we already can find ways of global coordination to prevent them. In doing so, success is possible and can yield into the necessary optimism, an attitude which is necessary for the emotional basis of any progressive, humanistic movement. A man-made Atlantis can rise - not beyond an ocean but here on earth. We just have to unite our intellectual forces and to continue the century-old struggle for emancipatory social evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asian Economies is the property of Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Taiwan Journal of Linguistics is the property of Graduate Institute of Linguistics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We began this work intending to illustrate the network origins of jargon, a signal feature of team learning and the division of labor. In the process, we came to recognize the substantive importance of message timing, which we discuss as the pulse of a network. This paper describes our route to that recognition. We analyze data from a renovated classic network experiment providing empirical support for three hypotheses. The first, and most familiar from past work, is that teams moving down their learning curve to greater efficiency are prone to shared jargon. As a team moves down its learning curve, language drifts away from day-to-day speech, into jargon. The second and third hypotheses concern network correlates of the drift. With respect to network structure, teams are less likely to converge on jargon when communication is concentrated in one teammate. With respect to pulse, teams are more likely to converge on jargon when communication efforts are numerous and crowded in time. The two network predictors overlap conceptually. They both involve learning and access to information, but are distinct in their mechanism: Structure provides access. Pulse creates motivation to access. Teammates keeping up with numerous messages concentrated in time have a shared incentive to find shorthand terms (i.e., jargon) that enable faster exchange of accurate information. Network structure predicts team convergence on jargon, but pulse is a stronger predictor. Directions for new research are discussed. • Teams converge on jargon as they go down their learning curve. • Network mechanisms: structure provides access, pulse creates an incentive to access. • Network pulse is more important than structure for team convergence on jargon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gendered divisions of labor are a feature of every known contemporary hunter-gatherer (forager) society. While gender roles are certainly flexible, and prominent and well-studied cases of female hunting do exist, it is more often men who hunt. A new study (Anderson et al., 2023) surveyed ethnographically known foragers and found that women hunt in 79% of foraging societies, with big-game hunting occurring in 33%. Based on this single type of labor, which is one among dozens performed in foraging societies, the authors question the existence of gendered division of labor altogether. As a diverse group of hunter-gatherer experts, we find that claims that foraging societies lack or have weak gendered divisions of labor are contradicted by empirical evidence. We conducted an in-depth examination of the data and methods of Anderson et al. (2023) , finding evidence of sample selection bias and numerous coding errors undermining the paper's conclusions. Anderson et al. (2023) have started a useful dialogue to ameliorate the potential misconception that women never hunt. However, their analysis does not contradict the wide body of empirical evidence for gendered divisions of labor in foraging societies. Furthermore, a myopic focus on hunting diminishes the value of contributions that take different forms and downplays the trade-offs foragers of both sexes routinely face. We caution against ethnographic revisionism that projects Westernized conceptions of labor and its value onto foraging societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The workforce with low and average skills is today very strongly impacted, feeling pressure on the one hand due to the inequality and vulnerability in work that it is forced to face, in the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, and, on the other hand, due to the economic situation and the changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. All these irreversible changes in society generate the restructuring of the social division of labor. The aim of the paper is to identify the transformations at the level of the employment registered in the period 2019-2020, at the level of two developing states, members of the European Union: Bulgaria and Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej is the property of Redakcja Przegladu Socjologii Jakosciowej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Veritas is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to extend the debate about gender dynamics and the complexities of livestock ownership, production, and markets in rural Northeast Thailand. Particular attention is paid to gender norms in specific contexts, such as the transition between rural subsistence to a market-based economy, the diversification of livelihoods, and the prevalence of a matrilineal system. The data was obtained from qualitative methods. The researcher conducted in-depth interviews and non-participant observation with 25 key informants in Si Sa Ket Province of Thailand. The results show that a range of contextual factors influences the division of labor, as well as gender roles associated with beef cattle production and trading. The importance of women's roles in the livestock sector is demonstrated, in contrast with the limited level of government support that is offered to poor and middle-income women. The paper concludes that gender mainstreaming may be better promoted via the use of sex-disaggregated data to enable a detailed analysis of the hierarchical positions of men and women in the beef cattle sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the effects of lack of teamwork between and within departments of a company on the success of many reliability and maintenance improvement initiatives in the U.S. Assertion that all people in a pulp and paper mill should work for the same goal; Effectiveness of using Overall Production Efficiency or Production Reliability or Prime Tons/Cost approach to measuring reliability and maintenance management; Idea on the most important accomplishment for a project manager, operations manager, maintenance manager and storeroom manager.