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The article presents an essay examining an archive of English texts and documents from the late 16th and early 17th centuries to explore the materiality and social relations of paper. Topics covered include paper manufacturing practices of the period, references to paper in 16th and 17th century literature, and watermarks.

This paper aims to raise awareness of how design methods can significantly influence the visual perception and contextual relationship of contemporary extensions and historical buildings. This study focuses on assessing the design elements that affect visual perception and contextual relationship in 15 contemporary extensions designed by different architects. First, the authors reviewed the literature on restoration, conservation and contemporary extensions, and then generated a questionnaire. The authors surveyed 223 respondents. A mixed qualitative and quantitative evaluation model was established. SPSS was used to evaluate and analyze the 15 selected contemporary extensions and 223 survey samples. The results indicated that contemporary extensions are considered successful when designed using a method compatible with the historical buildings in congruence with related literature and hypothesis. For the buildings examined within this research, no examples were found that copied historical buildings within the scope of visual perception. Despite rich variety, contemporary extensions have been rarely investigated within the scope of visual perception and context relationship. This paper is among the few works that investigate contemporary extensions using approaches of visual perception and context relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangrove restoration involves complex decision-making processes and can often lack adequate stakeholder engagement and empowerment to inform effective restoration outcomes. Decision science has the potential to overcome such challenges by facilitating structured approaches to make informed, participatory, and defensible decisions through the use of decision-support frameworks and tools. In this paper, we conduct a bibliometric and scoping review of peer-reviewed scientific literature to identify how decision science has been applied to advise mangrove restoration efforts and the extent to which social, economic, and ecological variables have been used to inform these studies. We find a steady increase in the number of mangrove restoration studies that employ decision science from 1990 to 2022, with an annual growth rate of 4.4%. We identified over 300 decision support tools used in mangrove restoration literature. Spatial data was the most documented tool to support mangrove studies. We also find that most papers focused on ecological variables (85.5%), while social (27.2%) and economic (15.1%) variables received less attention. Studies that used decision support frameworks were also sparse, where the most featured framework was Systematic Conservation Planning. The number of studies explicitly incorporating social and economic variables was limited, and there was also a scarcity of studies incorporating variables associated with governance. Regardless of the dominance of ecological variables, this review highlights a shift towards incorporating social dimensions into decision tools, emphasizing concepts like vulnerability to climate change, ecosystem services, and social benefits. Collaboration among countries, scientists, and practitioners is crucial to operationalise a socio-ecological framework within decision science. Enhancing the utility of scientific research for practitioners remains a critical goal in addressing the challenges faced by mangrove restoration projects globally. • The use of decision frameworks is infrequent in the mangrove restoration literature. • There is a recent shift from ecological-based decision tools to include social variables. • Mangrove restoration decision science overlooks governance and economic variables. • Scientists commonly support mangrove restoration decisions using spatial data. • Collaboration is crucial for decision science with a socioecological lens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cahiers Elisabethains: A Biannual Journal of English Renaissance Studies is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper reviews the literature on the factors that may influence the proximal contour when using direct composite restoration to restore Class II cavities. An ideal contour between two adjacent teeth is necessary to maintain tooth position and dentition stability, provide a food spillway, and facilitate hygienic cleaning. Defective proximal contour will contribute to food impaction and restrict interdental cleaning, resulting in periodontal issues and recurrent caries. Using sectional matrix systems with stiffer band and separation rings is an effective method to create optimal proximal contour compared to flat contour when using circumferential matrix systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An adequately cured/polymerized resin increment(s) is of utmost importance for a successful resin-based composites. During polymerization of the resin-based composites, most of the monomers should be converted into polymers. The conversion of monomers is vital to enhance the physical and mechanical properties, colour stability, and biocompatibility of the resin composite (RC) material. However, some monomers remain unreacted within the polymer matrix. Many factors affect the polymerization of RCs. This paper is aimed to review these factors that may help the clinicians to improve their understanding of the polymerization process of RCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the treatment of hedonism and pleasure in some poems of the Restoration Era. Firstly, a contextualization of Charles II's period is presented, where a number of examples from the past are mentioned. Secondly, the project will aim to explore the legacy of three renowned poets of the period ranging from 1660 to 1700: Aphra Behn, Sir George Etherege and John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester. Finally, it centers on the play anonymously published in 1684 entitled Sodom, or the Quintessence of Debauchery. Essentially, the inferred explicit treatment of sexual topics is what marks a before and an after in the themes and rhetoric of English literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the textual history, readership, and the literary and spiritual context of The Bake of Comforte Agaynste All Trybulacyons, printed in London around 1505. The Bake is the English version of the Livret des consolacions printed some years earlier in Paris. I propose that the Boke and its French antecedent are the direct descendants of a Latin compilation printed on the Continent, including the works of Jacobus Gruytrodius, Petrus Blesensis, and Isidore of Seville. I also aim to point out the Boke's stylistic properties and its place in the tradition of English prose. Both this work and its contemporaries (i.e., early printed material from the 16th century) can contribute greatly to our understanding of early Tudor English literature, spirituality, and book culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• More intensive site management is associated with higher seedling survival. • Recruitment is rarely reported or discussed. • Few studies report project costs or social outcomes. • Under-utilized remote sensing data could improve monitoring and increase its frequency. Active restoration may be necessary to the recovery of degraded tropical dry forests, which are highly threatened but relatively understudied compared to other forest ecosystems. A greater understanding of how different treatments affect various performance metrics and general outcomes is needed. A literature review of active restoration from 2000 to 2019 identified 30 tropical dry forest restoration-related peer-reviewed articles. Grazing (50% of studies), fire (37%), and cultivation (27%) were the most frequent causes of dry forest ecosystem degradation, and invasive non-native species were reported present in the majority of studies. Common site management needs thus included control of competitive vegetation, as well as supplemental irrigation. Outplanted species were most often selected for their functional traits (57%) or local abundance (32%), while only three studies focused on reintroducing or enhancing populations of rare, endangered, or sensitive species. Survival was the most common metric used to measure outplanted seedling performance (88%) and ranged from 13% to 80% (mean 45%). Seedlings planted in mixed assemblages had significantly higher survival rates (median 63%) than those in single species plots (29%), and a moderately positive relationship was observed between survival and the number of species planted. Survival was significantly higher for treatments in which non-native vegetation was continuously controlled throughout the study (median 61%), as well as treatments that received supplemental water for a portion of (63%) or the entire (51%) monitoring period. Survival rates tended to be higher in protected sites (54%) than in sites without any protection status (30%), but this difference was not statistically significant. The cause of seedling mortality, reported in 63% of studies, was most often attributed to desiccation (including soil conditions, timing or lack of precipitation, competition for available water). In general, variation in the format and level of detail reported in the results limited the cross-study analysis that could be performed. Metrics other than survival were often underreported, particularly reproductive measures. The majority of papers also did not report project costs (80% of studies) or community engagement (73%). Results suggest that more diverse metrics and outcomes should be regularly reported in active restoration literature in order to improve best practices and broaden the scope of future research. Remotely-sensed metrics, for example, have the potential to complement field-based evaluations and increase the frequency of future monitoring efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]