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Objective: To identify the 100 most-cited articles in DH and analyze their characteristics. Material and Methods: A search was performed on the Web of Science (WoS) and the 100 most-cited articles were selected. The following data were extracted: citations, year of publication, authorship, institution, country, journal, language, study design, topic of interest, conflict of interest (COI), and sponsorship. The VOSviewer software was used to visualize bibliometric networks. Poisson regression analysis was performed to measure associations between several citations and the characteristics of the studies. Results: The number of citations ranged from 346 to 48. The most-cited article was published in 1997 by Holland in the Journal of Clinical Periodontology. This journal published the most papers, followed by the Journal of Oral Rehabilitation and Journal of Dentistry. Laboratory research, review, and clinical trial were the study designs most prevalent. Reviews (p<0.05; PR= 1.853) and method development studies (p<0.05; PR= 1.853) had a more chance to present more citations. The main topics of interest were the clinical effectiveness of desensitizers and in vitro analysis of dentin morphology. Sponsorship and COI were underreported. England and USA presented the greatest number of citations and connections in the coauthorship network map. Conclusion: Most of the articles were original research, and their topics of interest were mainly the clinical effectiveness of desensitizing agents and dentin morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on the history of the Norbury family and their relationship with British composer Edward Elgar in England. It offers history of the social and cultural life of Winifred Norbury and his family in the 1930s in Malvern and Sherridge and their works with Elgar's music. It also looks into the letters, diaries, and other papers and documents depicting the continuity of the family in a house and their communication practices in the social context.

The article offers historical information on the English commercial paper pattern industry from 1878 to 1950. In 1878 and 1879, Leach's and Weldons were the first major English commercial paper pattern companies. Between 1878 and 1903, a number of dressmakers' pattern makers opened for business. Scott & Co. manufactured Scott's Paper Patterns for ladies, gents, and children from 1914 to 1941. Maudella Pattern Co. Ltd. started producing patterns under various brand names in the 1930s.

The article presents a genetic analysis of the two accepted specimens of an eastern subspecies of Yellow Wagtail, Motacilla flava simillima, added to the British list, and a record of a putative eastern Yellow Wagtail trapped at Colyton, Devon in December 2010. The analysis showed that the 1912 Fair Isle bird, probably a British Yellow Wagtail M. f. flavissima was of western origin, while the 1909 Fair Isle and 2010 Devon birds were of eastern origin.

In this essay, the author examines traces of domina-virgin-mater-meretrix stereotypes that may be found in three portraits of Queen Elizabeth I of England. She argues that Elizabeth I represents an embodiment of the ever-changing bubble of subjectivity. She refers the domina to a woman who rules her household and all others around her with unyielding force. She concludes that Elizabeth's persona did not depend upon a single body of work.

This article discusses a strategy for improving school science education in England through the continuing professional development of science teachers in the national network of Science Learning Centres. It presents evidence about effective continuing professional development, and considers the range of focuses and methods relevant for the continuing professional development of science teachers. Readers are encouraged to submit their contributions to the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how the transition to parenthood reshapes foodwork in families by drawing on ethnographic, longitudinal research conducted with parents of young children in the south-east of England. It utilizes the conceptual framework offered by practice theory and unpacks how parents' interpretations, techniques, and emotions surrounding eating transform as feeding and eating become routinized. The findings demonstrate the profound influence of feeding young children on the perception and practice of commensality at home. Mealtimes are increasingly recognized as crucial moments for transmitting manners and tastes across generations. Moreover, the analysis reveals that caregiving and other practices have a ripple effect on adults' eating practices, leading to changes in their food priorities, meal schedules, practical arrangements, and even the division of labor along gender lines. The findings underline the complexity of implementing institutional advice, for instance on "good" child feeding, as it requires changes in parents' own food practices and emotional relationships with food. By emphasizing the lived experiences of practitioners, this paper supports the growing call to incorporate identities, such as gender, into practice theoretical analysis, ultimately enhancing our understanding of how practices evolve and endure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2018, the University of Birmingham, UK, hosted a weekend of events for the Association for Environmental Archaeology (AEA)'s spring conference 'Pests of Society'. The event was organised in collaboration with Historic England – the publicly-funded 'Arms-Length Body' with statutory responsibility for the historic environment in England. During the course of the one day conference and workshop the following day, multiple aspects were covered of how pests have interacted, and continue to interact, with humans and their day-to-day activities, as well as their presence in the wider landscape. This paper outlines and describes the meeting, introducing the range of topics covered, and summarises the papers that have been published in the resulting special issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the breeding of Firecrests in the New Forest, Hampshire where it was first recorded in 1962. It states that New Forest has become a stronghold for the species in Great Britain and numbers continue to rise significantly. It elaborates on the discovery of 270 Firecrest territories, a third or more of which is accounted for by New Forest.

The main objective of this paper is to propose a novel SEIR stochastic epidemic model. A distinguishing feature of this new model is that it allows us to consider a setup under general latency and infectious period distributions. To some extent, queuing systems with infinitely many servers and a Markov chain with time-varying transition rate comprise the very technical underpinning of the paper. Although more general, the Markov chain is as tractable as previous models for exponentially distributed latency and infection periods. It is also significantly more straightforward and tractable than semi-Markov models with a similar level of generality. Based on stochastic stability, we derive a sufficient condition for a shrinking epidemic regarding the queuing system's occupation rate that drives the dynamics. Relying on this condition, we propose a class of ad-hoc stabilising mitigation strategies that seek to keep a balanced occupation rate after a prescribed mitigation-free period. We validate the approach in the light of the COVID-19 epidemic in England and in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, and assess the effect of different stabilising strategies in the latter setting. Results suggest that the proposed approach can curb the epidemic with various occupation rate levels if the mitigation is timely. • We propose queue-based stochastic epidemic model for viral epidemics. • The model is tractable yet general and applicable to large populations. • It describes epidemics with general latency and infectious periods. • We derive a control rule that ensure a shrinking epidemic. • Our experiments illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through analysis of written sources, architectural evidence, excavation reports and antiquarian records this paper argues that charnelling of human skeletal remains was more common in medieval England than has hitherto been fully recognized. It became increasingly widespread following formalization of belief in Purgatory in the late 13th century, and charnel houses can be found both at the better-documented greater churches and at parish churches, for which churchwardens' accounts are important sources. Charnel houses are mainly freestanding buildings in churchyards, or crypts within the body of the church, and both forms are often semi-subterranean, with the carefully maintained charnel visible through windows high in the charnel house walls. There was typically a chapel located above the charnel room, in which prayers for the dead were offered, similar to chantries. The paper presents the first detailed exploration of the potential liturgical contexts for charnelling. It is argued that the most likely form of rite to accompany the translation and deposition of charnel would have comprised a re-enactment of the Office of the Dead followed by an adapted version of the burial service, with possible secondary uses of the charnel house in the days leading up to Easter, the most solemn part of the Christian year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports that the Fundamental Research Committee has issued a call for papers for the 13th Fundamental Research Symposium to be held at Cambridge, England. Theme of the symposium; Deadline for the submission of abstracts; Criteria for the submitted papers.

This paper presents a longue durée account of the discursive emergence of 'the market'. It seeks to develop understanding of the 'crisis system' by showing that the crises of the present have their origins earlier than some critical realist scholars have suggested and can be better understood by the theorization of the generative mechanisms that emerged from the economic and political chaos of the early 1600s. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is employed to show that in the context of the emergence of capitalism in England, these generative mechanisms resulted in the meaning of the word 'market' slipping loose of the geo-spatial semiotic bounds by which it had commonly been delineated – i.e. as a physical space in a town or city where goods were bartered or sold – and being re-semioticised to refer to abstract space where all acts of capitalist economic exchange, including those impacting upon the natural world, take place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we argue that to tackle complex issues such as urban health, there is a need not only of understanding the limitation of different policy subsystems, but also of the interplay of the ideas, interests, and institutional arrangements that underpin cross-boundary challenges. This paper unpacks the dynamics of policymaking between public health and spatial planning by adopting boundary-spanning policy regime theory to trace the alignment and divergence of urban health issues across the two policy subsystems in England. Greater Manchester, heralded as an exemplar of collaborative governance in England, is used as a case study to test the strength of and tensions within the urban health policy regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the highlights of third international conference held by the Institute of Paper Conservation in Manchester, England, in 1992. The talk "Old Master Prints and Drawings--An Art-Historical Survey of Collecting and of Preservation Methods," delivered by Carlo James, is drawn from his own book on the subject. Peter Bower's paper discusses the controversial area of current practice and produces evidence that inlaying and overcleaning of papers can destroy historical evidence.

Copyright of Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article offers travel information on the town of Wells and the caves of Mendip Hills in Somerset, England. The cathedral town is considered to be an important link in the Saxon kingdom of Wessex. Among its attractions are the Cheddar Showcaves & Gorge, the Wells Cathedral and the Wookey Hole Caves & Paper Mill. Information on hotels and restaurants are also provided.

When transitioning from a familiar learning culture to a United Kingdom higher education (HE) culture, international students face a number of academic, cultural, and linguistic challenges. This paper considers the obstacles that international students experience and critically analyzes the use of social media to aid the academic transition of a group of postgraduate international students. Specifically, it analyzed the use of Yammer to support peer collaboration and communication to enhance academic development of a group of Southeast Asian international students undertaking an MA at a UK university in the North of England. The student feedback suggested that social support networks were important for academic engagement and development. This paper recommends more training on the affordances of Yammer, additional online tutor presence, and more scaffolded activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper challenges the conventional understanding among many legal ethicists that environmental harm can be a necessary, if regrettable, collateral effect of lawyerly work. It argues that lawyers sometimes do things that cost society too much and that legal ethics (being the rules of ethical conduct set out by regulators of lawyers and broader theories of 'good' lawyering) has the potential to act as a mediator on lawyers' environmental harm-causing action. The paper begins by examining lawyers' formal rules of professional conduct in England & Wales, showing how those rules require lawyers to provide active counselling to clients but do not fully address clients' legally permissible choices that may result in environmental harm. The paper then turns to theories of legal ethics that go beyond these baseline rules. Here, I argue that the dominant 'Standard Conception' of lawyers as neutral technicians is not only implausible in the context of environmental law but also fundamentally incomplete. The paper also considers the ethical implications of a lawyer's initial decision to represent a client. The commonly held belief that 'Everyone deserves legal advice' often masks a simple ethical choice, where lawyers prioritise commercial concerns over environmental considerations, unburdened by more complex ethical constraints. However, this rationalisation rests on unsound premises and frequently clashes with lawyers' personal moral boundaries; a problem I label 'Meatloaf Lawyering'. Ultimately, I argue that lawyers have significant ethical agency and that their professional obligations do not impede (and sometimes require) an active, ethically responsible stance towards environmental harms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collected Papers of the Faculty of Law in Split / Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Splitu is the property of Split Faculty of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

So much of what we do as mediators is based on the Getting to Yes process developed for negotiators. Basing our conduct on negotiation makes sense, if you think of mediation as facilitated negotiation, but mediation is that and more. It touches on areas as diverse as risk management and return on investment and emotional aspirations and the angry desire for paybacks. The list is as complicated as the people caught up in a dispute. This paper suggests we can make more progress in understanding how disputes settle if we look to other fields, such as sales, that have faced similar challenges in determining what makes a person effective in their field. In particular, the paper explores the discoveries of researchers at Huthwaite Incorporated in America and Huthwaite International in England on negotiation, communication, and sales—and shows how that research can be applied effectively in the mediation setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme weather alerting systems are one of the central tools utilised in adapting to changing weather patterns resulting from climate change. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the current alerting systems for hot and cold weather used in England to notify the health and social care sector of upcoming extreme weather events. We consider the views of stakeholders on the current system and explore their perspectives on the proposal to move towards an impact-based system. The paper concludes that while the current system is an effective tool, stakeholders feel they need to draw on additional material to assist with the development of an appropriate response. We also highlight that many stakeholders are concerned about the potential for creating alert fatigue due to a lack of clarity of the geographical area impact of some of the alerts. Consequently, there was a high level of support from stakeholders for the move towards an impact-focused system. • Extreme weather alerting systems are an important tool for protecting public health. • Impact-focused alerting systems can help planners and front-line staff deliver a more effective response to extreme weather. • It is important alerts are not sent out unnecessarily to protect the credibility of the system and avoid alert fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its progressive nature, dementia is now the leading cause of death in England and Wales, so a palliative approach to care is beneficial because of its emphasis on supportive care. Many people with dementia also have other comorbid health conditions common in older age, that in themselves may induce pain. However, people with dementia may have difficulty in understanding what they are feeling and in describing and locating the pain due to having issues with communicating their needs as their dementia progresses. This paper considers the recognition, assessment, treatment and management of pain in older people with dementia. It introduces the learner to what is known about the subject and why it is important to know the person's past history and previous ways of self-managing pain and discomfort using information gained from their family, carers and friends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the genetically-modified bacteria BacillaFilla developed by students at Newcastle University in England to join together concrete cracks in structures.

In England, think-tanks have played a crucial role in framing the causes of unaffordable housing. Yet the logics of think-tanks, the reasons why they intervene publicly in the way that they do, remain unclear. Drawing on the social field theory of Pierre Bourdieu, this paper seeks to understand the framing strategies of think-tanks. Based on quantitative and qualitative textual analysis of five years' worth of public interventions from three think-tanks, this paper demonstrates how the framing strategy adopted by a think-tank – that is the causal narrative and policy agenda it promotes, and the means it uses to promote it- can be partly explained by the amount and types of capital it possesses as an organisation, and its respective ties to the fields of science, politics and the media. In doing so, the paper illuminates some of the key structural logics which explain why some framings of the affordable housing crisis dominate others in the public and political domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a neoliberal era of education, there has been a shift of policy focus to performativity and evidence-based practice, coupled with neoconservative ideology of a more traditional knowledge-led curriculum. The resultant, extant education policy context has received criticism due to its teach to test culture, the concomitant narrowing of curriculum and the highly prescribed, scrutinised and 'authorised' pedagogic practices prevalent in schools. The paper draws on empirical qualitative data from three modern foreign languages (MFL) secondary school teachers in high poverty contexts in the North West of England. The study examines how these teachers describe their pedagogical practice within the confines of the current policy landscape and how they respond to curriculum and assessment requirements. The paper concludes that, despite the limiting effects of the prescriptive approaches in the current educational system, there are opportunities for teachers to promote unauthorised pedagogies in their classrooms that respond to their specific contexts. However, it acknowledges a shift in teachers' professional identity and questions the current discourses associated with teachers' professional knowledge. In response to this, I call for better recognition of the politicised and antidemocratic nature of current education policy and for us to equip teachers to become public intellectuals with the professional confidence to act for social change by reclaiming pedagogic discourses and practices that benefit pupils living in poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have seen the growth of planetary perspectives related to urbanisation and gentrification that have challenged the significance of differentiations of rural and urban space. This paper explores the arguments advanced in these perspectives, highlighting claims that they are based on a critique of methodological territorialism that has long been employed in rural and urban studies, as well as exhibiting an urbanormativity that was arguably absent from some earlier critiques of people such as Ray Pahl. This paper seeks to develop a study of rural gentrification that avoids urbanormativity and methodological territorialism. After reviewing debates related to academic and lay conceptions of the urban and rural, the paper highlights how territorial representations may warrant investigation even when social practices may be seen to routinely traverse boundaries of, for example, the rural. The relevance of these ideas to gentrification is then explored through an investigation of the gentrification of a village, which like many 'urban' settlements, has experienced both industrialisation and de-industrialisation. Drawing on the results of a 'mixed-method questionnaire' conducted in this village in Calderdale, England, the paper explores how the lives of residents are connected into more and less distant urban spaces through an analysis of migrational movements and employment relations, including commuting patterns. It is argued that, in line with arguments advanced within studies of planetary urbanisation/gentrification, there is considerable interconnection between the village and areas that have been classified as urban. However, it is also shown that neither this interconnection, nor the areas industrial past, means that symbolic and affective senses of rurality are insignificant to village residents, or to the practices of gentrification that have emerged. This did not mean that representations of rurality were unimpacted by industry and urban connectivity, with the paper detailing that whilst the village was widely seen as rural, it was also often seen as exhibiting significant unconformity from expectations of rurality. The paper ends by considering how senses of separation and connectivity to urban and industrial spaces link to different types of gentrifiers colonising the village. • Contemporary planetary perspectives often enact urbanormativity. • Questions agrarian constructions of rurality and industrial constructions of urbanity. • Outlines processes of gentrification within a post-industrial rural settlement. • Rurality remains a significant signifier/affect even with strong urban connectivity. • Industry and urban connectivity could be incorporated into assessments of rurality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to contribute to the development of knowledge in project management, by searching for management approaches that can be useful in construction projects. A bibliometric approach based on quantitative analysis methods was applied to investigate the synergy between Traditional, Agile, and Lean management approaches. This study also evaluates the status of the three different approaches using a visualization analysis of journal articles. The bibliometric study was developed with a portfolio of 200 papers around "synergy between Traditional, Agile and Lean approaches" collected at the Web of Science database, covering the evolution of this topic over the last ten years (from 2011 to 2020). The retrieved records were analyzed in terms of year of publication, country, subject, and keywords. The analysis of the original articles revealed that the total number of publications has continuously increased over the last few years. The country producing more papers on this theme was the United States followed by England and Germany. Few studies in the literature have discussed this theme in the construction industry, which means that the concept of combining Traditional, Agile, and Lean approaches is a new concept in construction projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Seaside resorts face socio-economic challenges which can exacerbate family crises. • Inequalities in seaside resorts can complicate delivery of family support services. • Innovative embedded research approach within Children's Social Care. • Preventative Early Help strategies need to be attuned to differing care ecologies. Effective Early Help services are key to halting rising rates of children in care in the UK. Yet despite family support and child welfare interventions being unequally distributed across the country, the role of 'place' has received limited attention in the children's social care arena. This paper examines the connections between coastal challenges, Early Help and child welfare interventions, drawing on embedded research undertaken within a Local Authority on England's coast with elevated levels of children in care. We focus on families' experiences raising children in a seaside resort area as well as professionals' perspectives on the place-based challenges faced delivering effective and accessible Early Help support. The study generated data from ethnographic observations, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups with local parents/carers (n = 57), service managers and frontline professionals (n = 14), and the Voluntary, Community, and Social Enterprise (VCSE) sector (n = 22). The findings highlight how the socio-economic challenges associated with many seaside resort areas, including housing pressures, a seasonal and low-wage economy, and the transience of the population, present difficulties for parents/carers in raising and supporting their children. For professionals delivering Early Help, high levels of housing instability, elevated inward migration, resource constraints and challenges around recruitment and retention presented challenges to delivering services. This paper recommends increased emphasis in regulation and resourcing around family support that considers the spatial and geographic dynamics that influence the incidence, structuring, and experiences of child and family welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The paper pursues a novel focus on the economic geography of supplementary education during the coronavirus pandemic. • COVID-19 dealt a heavy blow to the economic vitality of the private tuition industry. • The pandemic transformed the spatiality of business practices in this 'shadow education' sector. • It raised ethical questions about this valuable yet regressive commercial service. • COVID-19 is reshaping education markets: this affects educational entrepreneurs and unequal consumer outcomes. This paper challenges geographers to examine the lucrative, but vastly understudied, global supplementary education sector (e.g. private tuition; learning centres; cram schools). It marks a break from research in Geographies of Education on locational, socio-cultural and political-economy issues, by concentrating directly on the economic geography of this metaphorically monikered 'shadow education' sector. Centred on the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic, the paper's aim is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the economic vitality, business spatiality and societal value of private tuition in England. Methodologically, it utilises in-depth interviews with tutors providing one-to-one instruction in English, maths or science in the regionally-differentiated tuition market. The findings demonstrate business vitality was impacted: COVID-19 related disruption to schooling produced a profound economic shock for the tuition industry, though new opportunities also emerged from the crisis. Business spatiality was fundamentally rewritten, not only in terms of delivery but also as local markets became national ones. The social value of the industry was drawn into question, as the service was both vital and regressive in its distribution. In conclusion, the paper argues geographers of education must: (i) Embrace research on supplementary education in its own right and as it articulates with state education provision; (ii) Pursue economic analyses which consider both how markets work to produce unequal outcomes for potential consumers, and how they emerge as a space of educational entrepreneurship for those seeking to make a living; and (iii) Urgently examine how the coronavirus pandemic is rewriting processes across the education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

»Nekroökonomie: Wie Nekro-Vermächtnisse uns helfen, den Wert des Todes und den Schutz des Lebens während der COVID-19-Pandemie zu verstehen «. The paper offers an analysis of how three historical legacies shaped the context for responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in England. They are firstly, necrospeculation, the ability to turn destructiveness into profit and produce new capitalist value. The second is the legacy of thanatocracy, the enactment of mass and organised killing as an official policy of the state. The third necro legacy, social reproduction, is not just about violent death and accumulation, but also the state's divestment of responsibility to women for the protection of life itself. What these violent legacies have in common as they entwine throughout history is the continuing relationship between property, accumulation, and disposable peoples, showing how economic and moral value is both captured and erased through abstract classifications of class, race, and gender. Bringing these legacies on a journey, we will see how they are modified and repeated in the present. Death during COVID-19 was used as an opportunity for speculation, consolidation of political power, and manipulation of the economy in the interests of the super-rich, government ministers, their friends, and the virus. True to neo-liberal philosophy, they "never let a serious crisis go to waste." Their predatory practices led to many people being callously disregarded, neglected, and unprotected, exposing those considered to be surplus to state and capital requirements. The pandemic revealed that the social contract was broken as the matter of state responsibility for protection of the people was transferred by the government to individuals. The paper will also show how some groups attempted to protect others and save lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Voluntary support organisations increasingly rely on non-state funding. • Offers a rich account of how managers navigate a difficult funding landscape. • Documents how managing care and support organisations is precarious. • Concludes that relationships with local authorities are crucial for sustainability. This paper examines voluntary sector care and support provision under a context of significantly reduced government funding. Whilst geographers have analysed the causes and aftermath of austerity on different populations, our focus is on how managers of voluntary sector organisations have had to learn and evolve through bidding for non -statutory funding to sustain their core provision. Drawing on research with voluntary support organisations in the learning disability social care sector in England and Scotland, the paper examines the effects of the state's continued reliance on the sector for core 'public' services whilst simultaneously withdrawing its funding. Using accounts from managers, the paper offers a particularly novel and potent example of voluntary sector precarity and the deepening unfinished and unsettled nature of care and support that has unfolded in the wake of austerity. Through the empirical research, attention is drawn to three levels of precarity that are experienced by those seeking to sustain voluntary support provision: voluntary sector organisation and structures, the voluntary sector workforce, and individual managers' everyday emotional and affective experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Northern Ireland has substantially higher rates of disability and disability benefit receipt than England, despite a common institutional context. This paper exploits newly available data from the NICOLA and ELSA surveys to examine potential health and labour market explanations for this gap, specifically among older working-age people. Observable differences in health and labour markets are sufficient to explain the gap in self-reported activity-limiting disability, but only half of the gap in worklimiting disability and income-replacement disability benefit receipt, and only one-third of the gap in additional costs disability benefit receipt. Possible reasons for these remaining unexplained gaps are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Salic law (Lex Salica) is intensely treated as the old Germanic law, which has become the most famous of the so-called barbarian leges. It was created during the victorious reign of Clovis, a founder of the Salian Empire in northern Gaul (Kremer & Schwab, 2018: 241). The Salic law clearly demonstrated the influence of the Visigothic and Burgundian models (McDaniel, 2012: 132) and became very influential during the Carolingian regime. It is believed that one could find the most aspects of the Carolingian-style in tenth and eleventh-century England (Wormald, 2014: 249-250). However, there is no direct evidence of the availability of Lex Salica in Britain before the 10th century. The paper presents an innovative attitude towards the study of the relation between the Salians' legal code Lex Salica and English common law. The greatest attention is paid to the appropriate historical and juridical contexts, cross-national activities, linguistic and juridical contacts, contact-induced changes, etc. The results of the research reveal that Lex Salica could be available in Britain before the 10th century. Moreover, there was an evident inter-influence of the Frankish and British legal systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gym is an increasing site for social research, with much work identifying the importance of understanding gender construction and performance in forming policy to address inequalities in gym access, and harms within gym-going cultures. This paper draws on findings from a multi-year ethnography in rural South-West England to address a gap in the existing gym cultures literature by exploring the intersections of rurality with gender and gym cultures, examining how the masculine rural intersects with the construction of gym spaces, and the interplay between rural masculinities and gym cultures, as fitness becomes an increasingly popular activity. Beyond examining the intersections between rurality with gym space and cultures, this paper further examines how rurality and rural masculinities are linked with harm in these cultures, particularly in relation to the reproduction of aspects of hegemonic and toxic masculinity, and the harms these have not only on women and others seeking to access these spaces, but on the men who hold these ideas themselves. This exploration further looks at how ideas of masculine identity formation, and self-stigma associated with masculine ideals within rural cultures contributes to the harms and behaviours witnessed within gym-going populations. This article aims to contribute valuable understanding to both structural issues relating to gender and the gym relevant to policy discussions regarding access and inclusivity, as well as some of the ways in which harms among gym-going populations may be addressed in a rural context. • Rich, in-depth ethnographic findings. • Interdisciplinary analysis of intersections between rurality, gender & gym culture. • Illustrates importance of rurality in understanding inequalities and harm. • Timely exploration of an increasingly popular area for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for quality practice to support learners with English as an additional language (EAL) in educational settings across the globe remains ever present (Cunningham, 2020). Educators in secondary schools are constantly seeking ways to enable learners with EAL to effectively access their teaching and to succeed in all areas of the curriculum. This paper focuses on the issues that learners with EAL face in the core subject of science. Findings, drawn from original research conducted in an English secondary school, suggest that a suite of practical strategies and professional support is needed to positively address issues associated with vocabulary and writing that learners with EAL encounter. The paper recognises the significance of these findings for international contexts such as Kazakhstan that are adopting a tri-lingual system of education and who seek to embrace the model of English-medium science education in their secondary schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The virtual power plant (VPP) has the ability to control and manage the electrical energy flow between the aggregated units to obtain better operation of the system. This operation is aiming to minimize the cost of produced energy and therefore enhance the economical operation. To satisfy that, in the planning stage, it is important to select the optimal number of VPP buses, optimal location of distributed generations and optimal value and location of dispatchable load. In this paper, a novel methodology is introduced to identify the optimal border of VPP (location and number of VPP buses), identify the optimal number and location of distributed generations within VPP. In addition to identifying the optimal value and location of dispatchable load. Uncertainties related to VPP components are considered which include uncertain load demand, renewable energy resources and market prices. The simulation results are carried out on IEEE 57-bus test system and IEEE 39-bus system (new England-real system). Various capacities of distributed generations, different loading conditions and various maximum limits of VPP buses are investigated to assure the capability of the proposed methodology. Also, the performance of optimal VPP border under daily load is investigated. Added to all that, the capability of the proposed methodology is investigated under inflexibility of the network. Significant technical and economical benefits are achieved with the optimal VPPs bordering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• Sustained and nuanced discussion about how forensic sciences may approach curriculum decolonisation. • Aligns decolonisation with quality assurance processes within Higher Education. • Development of case studies from three areas of the curriculum to be used in toolkits for forensic science decolonisation. Forensic science in UK Higher Education involves a constellation of subdisciplines, each with a biography shaped by a colonial past. Deeper examinations of the structures of curriculum design allow educators to address where colonial assumptions may reside and the impact of these legacies on the present. One process to assist this endeavour is Decolonising the Curriculum (DtC), which seeks to question and dismantle colonial structures of knowledge and support contextualisation to broaden, rather than narrow, the curricula. DtC toolkits, like those developed at the University of Winchester in the south of England, may provide practical support to programme teams to reflect on how colonial attitudes shape new and existing curricula. DtC may be seen as supporting existing quality processes that are part of the reflection cycle and tested through institutional and other accreditation quality procedures. Toolkits support programme teams to identify existing good practices and areas requiring further reflection and development. We offer perspectives on areas that would benefit from critical evaluation when teaching subjects with foundations in race science, colonial attitudes, and social injustice. The paper focuses on three main approaches to support decolonial discourse: sustained historical inquiry, questioning ethnic classifications and identity, and the presentation of international forensic work. Rather than seeing DtC as a threat to educational quality, it may be more constructively seen as an integral part of quality processes in curriculum design to support more diverse, inclusive, and authentic learning in forensic Higher Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

England's National Health Service (NHS) is in the process of major reform as old institutional structures based around an internal "market" are being replaced with integrated care systems. The changes represent a significant shift in ethos away from commercialisation to collaboration between health providers. But the way that these policies unfold will depend on the context within which they are implemented, and three decades of neoliberal reforms have left their mark on the structure of the health system. This paper shows how a powerful, politically-connected financialised private sector has evolved alongside a weakened public system, depleted further by the pandemic. While the share of overall public health spending reaching the private sector has not increased greatly over the past decade, private financial investors are strongly embedded in some segments of health delivery, particularly mental health services where shareholder returns are boosted by financial engineering. The boundaries between private and public are increasingly blurred with the NHS treating private patients and self-payment for health services is increasingly normalised. Rather than traditional privatisation, the health system is facing a more subtle and pernicious erosion of public services across different dimensions which seems likely to continue despite the new reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that early agrarian capitalism in England was followed not by an individualist culture of monetary gain, but rather by a complex mixture of cultural norms stressing profit as well as different forms of community. It examines a popular agricultural manual written by the author Thomas Tusser (1524–1580). The paper shows that through his household management and farming advice, Tusser responded to the challenges resulting from agrarian capitalism not by discarding cultural norms of mutuality and cooperation, but by subtly reinventing them in ways that clashed with the language mobilised by the contemporary agrarian complaint movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role of place attachment in motivating residents of rural communities to form community land trusts (CLTs). CLTs are non-profit community-led organisations formed and managed by volunteers. Their objectives typically relate to the provision of affordable housing. Using qualitative interview data collected from 8 CLTs in rural England, this paper highlights the ways in which their founding members mobilise place attachments to form CLTs, define and target beneficiaries, and acquire resources to facilitate affordable housing development. Founding members perceive CLT housing as a vehicle through which visions and attachments of place can be articulated, using restrictions on resales, lettings and use to enhance and maintain place attachments whilst challenging conventional logics of market housing provision. While CLT objectives are explicitly derived from a desire to maintain, protect and enhance social and functional bonds to place, strong emphases on place attachment in the planning and allocation of rural housing may deny housing opportunities to those without such attachments. • Social, cultural, environmental and functional aspects of place attachment stimulate citizen participation in CLTs. • CLTs challenge conventional logics of housing provision, using restrictions on resales and lettings to retain affordability. • CLT housing is often prioritised for residents who hold social and/or functional attachments to place and community. • Place attachment helps CLTs acquire land and resources from those who share concern for and attachment to place and community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]