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Construction projects generate serious environmental adverse impacts on the adjacent residents. All those harmful consequences and damages that third parties or the community sustain due to the implementation of construction processes are called social costs. Although, the presence of social costs is widely mentioned in the literature, in the projects' initial cost estimation practices, the social costs are not estimated and included. Whereas since these costs are not compensated, problems can be emerged by the community. It is a truism that the majority of the models proposed to quantify the social costs have been concentrated on construction, repair, and maintenance of the infrastructure projects namely; utilities, roads, and highways. On the other hand, up to the present, a limited number of attempts has been made to quantify residential housing construction associated social costs. Thus, this research aims to expand and/or contribute to the existing body of knowledge via estimating how much social cost society surrounding residential housing construction sites are subjected to. For this purpose, a social cost estimation model is developed to assist industry professionals on how to estimate social costs in residential construction projects. The social cost estimation model is developed to provide guidance for phase by phase monetization of the residential construction associated social costs. In this paper, the model proposed for social cost estimation is validated via a case study in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that completion of construction projects has a direct positive impact on the growth of national and local economies as well as humans' wellbeing, construction projects, especially in the urban areas, generate serious environmental nuisances for the adjacent residents and have unintentional adverse impacts on their surrounding environment. Construction causative adverse impacts on the neighbouring communities are known as the social costs. This study aims to present a state-of-the-art overview of social costs in construction industry in terms of definition, consideration, classification and quantification. Furthermore, it is aimed to bring the construction social cost phenomenon for the agenda of Environmental Impact Assessors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent reports have revealed the presence of subtelomeric rearrangements in 0.5-1.1% of patients with mild mental retardation and in 6.8-7.4% of patients with moderate-severe mental retardation. In the present study, 130 patients with unexplained mental retardation were tested using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for the first time in a large group of Turkish patients, in order to determine the frequency of subtelomeric rearrangements. Three patients had such rearrangements. We present the clinical findings in these patients with (1) coexistent 9p subtelomeric monosomy and 4q subtelomeric trisomy, (2) 22q13.3 subtelomeric monosomy, and (3) coexistent 4p subtelomeric monosomy and 8p subtelomeric trisomy. Mild retardation without dysmorphic features in one of these patients suggests offering subtelomeric analysis to a wide spectrum of mental retardation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lamotrigine has been considered a safe new-generation antiepileptic drug during the perinatal period for both mothers and infants. Despite the concerns regarding its possible teratogenic effect, very limited data have been reported on the adverse effects of perinatal lamotrigine exposure. Herein, we report a case of an infant with hypotonicity and poor feeding who was exposed to lamotrigine in utero. The drug interaction probability scale indicated a probable relationship between sepsis-like symptoms and exposure to lamotrigine and valproic acid in utero in this infant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]