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The purpose of this study is to examine the key features of the visualization of the First World War on the front pages of Kyiv's socio-political newspapers between 1914 and 1917. The methodology employed the principles of historicism, systematicity, science, and comprehensiveness, as well as historical-comparative, and retrospective methods. Additionally, the study utilized the interdisciplinary method of content analysis to examine a number of previously-unpublished visual sources. The results of the study showed that the visual representation of the World War I events comprised of two groups of images: illustrations and photographs. The illustrations were dominated by satirical graphics and materials of ideological and symbolic nature, creating a negative image of the enemy. Some images highlighted the socio-economic problems, including the military loan. Most of the photographs published in the press were portraits of the tsarist family, army heads, and political leaders of the allied states. Some photographs depicted social and domestic issues and had an agitational, propaganda, and patriotic character. The findings indicate that the visual materials, compared to text-based content, played a secondary role and served only as background to attract the reader's attention and increase their interest in specific aspects of the war. Overall, the content of the publications of that time suggests that the visual materials were used to supplement and enhance the text, but did not play a leading role in conveying the events of the First World War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article reveals the historiography and the sources of the issue. Whereas the periodical literature had a large amount of materials, the most popular newspapers of socio-political, governmental and religious directions published in Kyiv during the First World War were the main objects of the research, in particular: «Kievskaya mysl», «Poslednie novosti», «Yuzhnaya kopeyka», «Vecherniaya Gazeta», «Kievlianin», «Kiev» and others. Based on statistical analysis, the article highlights the peculiarities of the development of the most popular socio-political and religious newspapers published in Kyiv during the First World War, in particular, “Kyiv Thought”, “Latest News”, “Southern Penny”, “Evening Newspaper”. “Kiev”, “Kiev” and others. The article describes the classification of periodical publications according to various criteria, namely: the time of release, the place of publication, thematic direction, and ideological context. The statistical data of the periodicals circulation and the editorial price policy were analyzed. The charts demonstrated the dynamics of changes in the number of periodical publications during 1913-1916. The authors concluded that one of the main consequences of the war was the reduction in the periodic products’ number by 41,8% and the closure of the majority of national and small editions that did not withstand competition, censorship, and economic pressure caused by military events. In the meantime, the positions of the conservative Russian-language press were strengthening, such press was supported by the authorities, which led to the rise of its circulation almost twice and turning Russian-language periodicals into mass products - a platform for imperial information propaganda. At the same time, due to the difficult socio-economic situation in the Russian Empire, monetary devaluation, and the high cost of the necessary materials for printing, the subscription prices rose considerably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of History Pages is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of History Pages is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of History Pages is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of History Pages is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)