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The presence of oil-contaminated water due to oil spill disasters or improper industrial waste dumping is now a worldwide danger to both human health and the sustainability of the environment.The use of superhydrophobic materials has attracted considerable attention in the field of oil-water separation, owing to the increasing demand for effective and economical oil-water separation techniques.A new, easy, and inexpensive flame treatment method was used to make a nanocomposite (CuO-SiO2) in order to improve its hierarchical structure (micro-nano).The anodisation process produced copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures (NSs) on a copper mesh. Subsequently, the nanostructures were modified by dip coating with a solution of room-temperature vulcanised silicone rubber (RTV-SR).The coated mesh demonstrated remarkable characteristics of superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity, with a water contact angle (WCA) of (160 ± 1°) and an oil contact angle (OCA) of (0°), as determined during the measurement of the surface's wetability. The coated mesh surface was characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).The successful separation of kerosene-water and diesel oil-water mixtures is accomplished by using a coated mesh in a simple filtration procedure. Furthermore, it has the capability to separate oils with a high efficiency of (99.8%) for kerosene and (87%) for diesel oil. It also has flux values of (7352.9 L.m-2.h-1) for kerosene and (6112.9 L/m2.h) for diesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We successfully developed a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) cytotoxic assay using iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) prepared by mixing Beta vulgaris and Punica granatum extracts with iron chloride (III) salts at 200°C for 2 h using a simple chemical method. IONPs were diagnosed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and photoluminescence (PL). XRD measurements exhibited a crystallite size of 38 and 37 nm with hexagonal and cubic structures for IONPs made using two plant (Beta vulgaris and Punica granatum) extracts, respectively. FE-SEM images revealed that the average IONP grain size was 44.81 and 29.77 nm for the two plant extracts, respectively, and PL measurements showed that the band edge emission was 2.64 and 2.60 eV, respectively, for IONPs. The IONPs were applied as a medical treatment for a human breast cancer cell line, and the inhibition rate% results were found to be relatively high and interesting (59.4% and 76.3%, respectively, for MCF-7). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron oxide (Fe880O) nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesised via a chemical reaction by mixing hot red pepper with waste rust iron extract at 300°C for 1.5 hours to study the resulting antibacterial activity. The structural and optical properties of the NPs were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antibacterial activity of the IONPs was examined in comparison with that of gram-positive; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and gram-negative; and Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria. Additionally, this information was used to investigate the accumulation of spent iron extract from the environment, its conversion into an efficient basic material to synthesise Fe880O NPs, and their utility for medical treatments. The results yielded important information regarding the properties of IONPs (e.g. crystallite size, particle size, energy band gap, and absorption band strength) and their inhibition on both bacterial strains. Finally, this research will pave a new path for exploring how to utilise rust iron and transform it from harmful to beneficial material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesised by combining the extracts of new plants (trigonella and tomato) with ferric chloride salt (FeCl3) via a simple chemical method at 200°C for 2 hours. The biomolecules in the extracts play an important part in transforming FeCl3 to FeO NPs, which demonstrate antibacterial properties. IONPs were characterised via X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). XRD revealed a crystallite size of 17 nm with a body centre cubic (BCC) structure (wüstite) phase for FeO NPs made using trigonella extract. FeO NPs synthesised using tomato extract were 41 nm, and the diffraction peaks revealed a BCC structure phase with excellent crystal quality. FE-SEM images demonstrated that the average grain size of Fe2O3 without using any plant extract was approximately 31.36 to 125.5 nm, while for the FeO NPs using tomato extract, it was approximately 48.18 to 77.54 nm, and for trigonella extract, 27.91 to 40.94 nm. In the FT-IR spectra of IONPs with and without plant extract, a strong peak appeared at 699 cm−1 for FeO NPs using trigonella extract and 655 cm−1 using tomato extract. Antibacterial activity of IONPs was determined by growth inhibition zones of the gram-negative bacteria Klebsiellapneumonia and gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The growth inhibition zones for FeO NPs using trigonella extract were 42 and 47 mm, respectively. The zones for FeO NPs using tomato extract were smaller (30 mm and 35 mm, respectively). These NPs may be effective in healing infections caused by these bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the hydrothermal synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Mint extract agent. A mixture of 0.1 M copper nitrate and a mint extract was hydrothermally treated at a temperature of 180 °C for two hours. Meanwhile, the Mint leaf extract had reduced the copper ions of the nanoparticles after five minutes, resulting in dark-green precipitation. The structural and optical properties of the nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The nanoparticles showed a simple cubic structure with a crystallite size range of 22 nm ‒ 25 nm. According to the UV-Vis spectrum, an absorption peak was observed at 346 nm. The antibacterial activity was checked against Escherichia coli (E-coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B-subtilis) cultures by which the inhibition zones were found to be 35 mm and 38 mm, respectively. It is concluded that the CuO NPs have a good ability to resist microbes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the hydrothermal synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Mint extract agent. A mixture of 0.1 M copper nitrate and a mint extract was hydrothermally treated at a temperature of 180 °C for two hours. Meanwhile, the Mint leaf extract had reduced the copper ions of the nanoparticles after five minutes, resulting in dark-green precipitation. The structural and optical properties of the nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The nanoparticles showed a simple cubic structure with a crystallite size range of 22 nm ‒ 25 nm. According to the UV-Vis spectrum, an absorption peak was observed at 346 nm. The antibacterial activity was checked against Escherichia coli (E-coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B-subtilis) cultures by which the inhibition zones were found to be 35 mm and 38 mm, respectively. It is concluded that the CuO NPs have a good ability to resist microbes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were successfully prepared by mixing iron (III) chloride (FeCl 3) salt with henna leaf extract using a simple chemical method with and without applied pulsed laser ablation (PLA) (Nd-YAG). It was found that the bio-molecules inside the henna leaves extract played a significant role in converting the iron salts into IONPs. The PLA technique affected the size, shape, purity, and phases of iron oxide NPs from Fe 2 O 3 to FeO. Fe 2 O 3 and FeO NPs play a crucial role in the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye in water treatment. IONPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet (UV–vis), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD results showed a small crystallite size (50 nm) with hexagonal structure (hematite) forFe 2 O 3 NPs without using PLA, while for FeO NPs prepared by PLA, the crystallite size was smaller (24 nm) and the diffraction peaks indicated a cubic structure with excellent crystal quality. SEM showed the grain size of Fe 2 O 3 NPs was approximately 69.92 nm, while for the FeO NPs, it was approximately 56.60 nm when PLA was applied. UV–vis measurements indicated a blue shift for the energy gap value from 2.75 eV for Fe 2 O 3 NPs eV to 3.3 eV for FeO NPs. PL spectroscopy revealed the band edge emission was approximately 3.57 eV for Fe 2 O 3 NPs without PLA, while the band edge emission exceeded 3.63 eV for FeO NPs with PLA application. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of NPs was demonstrated by the degradation of MB dye under average light irradiation. The results indicate that the synthesized FeO NPs prepared by PLA exhibited higher degradation efficiency, reaching 95 % at 50 min with high photocatalytic activity than the Fe 2 O 3 without PLA, for which the degradation efficiency was 88 % at 70 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]