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This study delves into the restricted three-body problem with a Yukawa correction to Newtonian gravitational forces, focusing on magnetic binary systems. We scrutinize the influence of Yukawa correction parameters (α , β) and the ratio of magnitude of magnetic moments (λ) on the system's equilibrium points and their stability, zero-velocity curves. In our case, there exist of five and seven equilibrium points and all are found to be unstable for given range of parameters. Our examination extends to the basins of convergence and the existence of fractal under the influence of α and λ. Graphs drawn with the help of Wolfram Mathematica software vividly portray the parameter-driven evolution of equilibrium points, zero-velocity curves and basins of convergence. Furthermore, we explore the fractal characteristics within the basins of convergence, offering valuable insights into the complex dynamics of magnetic binary systems with Yukawa correction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing demand for portable electronics, durable and flexible textile-based single electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have received a significant amount of attention. In this work, we have proposed a flexible textile based single electrode TENG (STENG) composed of MoS 2 -PDMS composite film. The effect of the concentration (0–10 wt%) of MoS 2 in PDMS on the output performance of the as-fabricated devices was systematically studied. The STENG with a 6 wt% concentration of MoS 2 exhibits the best output performance with an open-circuit output voltage, short-circuit output current density, and maximum instantaneous output power density of ∼ 320 V, ∼ 15.4 µA/cm2, and ∼ 3.2 mW/cm2, respectively. The enhancement in the output characteristics of the STENG can be explained by the formation of network of nanocapacitors, where the layers of MoS 2 behave as electrodes and the insulating PDMS behaves as a nanodielectric. The powering capability of the as-fabricated STENG was tested by charging commercial capacitors and directly flashing 100 commercially available LEDs without any external charge storage component. The textile-based MoS 2 -PDMS composite is not only used as STENG, but also as a human motion sensor capable of detecting diverse human actions, including wrist bending, arm bending, and leg bending. As a result of its flexible structure, scalable manufacturing process, and ability to sense human motions, the developed MoS 2 -PDMS composite STENG has promising applications in self-powered wearable electronics and human-machine interaction. [Display omitted] • Fabricated textile based MoS 2 -PDMS STENG with excellent performance of ∼ 320 V, ∼ 15.4 μA/cm2 and ∼ 3.2 mW/cm2. • Flower like MoS 2 nanofillers are incorporated into PDMS matrix leads to the formation of network of nanocapacitors. • The STENG with best performance illuminated 100 LEDs via hand tapping, without any external storage element. • The fabricated STENG also used as a biomechanical motion sensor, to capture signals like wrist, arm, and leg bending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Background The aim was to determine whether a simulation-based care pathway approach (CPA) curriculum could improve compliance for enhanced recovery programs (ERP), and residents’ participation in laparoscopic colorectal surgery (LCS). Indeed, trainee surgeons have limited access to LCS as primary operator, and ERP have improved patients’ outcomes in colorectal surgery (CS). Methods All residents of our department were trained in a simulation-based CPA: perioperative training consisted in virtual patients built according to guidelines in both ERP and CS, whilst intraoperative training involved a virtual reality simulator curriculum. Twenty consecutive patients undergoing CS were prospectively included before ( n = 10) and after ( n = 10) the training. All demographic and perioperative data were prospectively collected, including compliance for ERP. Residents’ participation as primary operator in LCS was measured. Results Five residents (PGY 4–7) were enrolled. None had performed LCS as primary operator. Overall satisfaction and usefulness were both rated 4.5/5, usefulness of pre-, post- and intraoperative training was rated 5/5, 4.5/5 and 4/5, respectively. Residents’ participation in LCS significantly improved after the training (0% (0–100) vs. 82.5% (10–100); P = 0.006). Pre- and intraoperative data were comparable between groups. Postoperative morbidity was also comparable. Compliance for ERP improved at Day 2 in post-training patients (3 (30%) vs. 8 (80%); P = 0.035). Length of stay was not modified. Conclusions A simulated CPA curriculum to training in LCS and ERP was correctly implemented. It seemed to improve compliance for ERP, and promoted residents participation as primary operator without adversely altering patients’ outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Healthcare evolution requires optimisation of surgical training to provide safe patient care. Operating room performance after completion of proficiency based training in vascular surgery has not been investigated. Design A randomised controlled trial evaluated the impact of a Proficiency based Stepwise Endovascular Curricular Training program (PROSPECT) on the acquisition of endovascular skills and the transferability of these skills to real life interventions. Materials All subjects performed two endovascular interventions treating patients with symptomatic iliac and/or superficial femoral artery stenosis under supervision. Primary outcomes were technical performances (Global Rating Scale [GRS]; Examiner Checklist), operative metrics, and patient outcomes, adjusted for case difficulty and trainee experience. Secondary outcomes included knowledge and technical performance after 6 weeks and 3 months. Methods Thirty-two general surgical trainees were randomised into three groups. Besides traditional training, the first group ( n = 11) received e-learning and simulation training (PROSPECT), the second group ( n = 10) only had access to e-learning, while controls ( n = 11) did not receive supplementary training. Results Twenty-nine trainees (3 dropouts) performed 58 procedures. Trainees who completed PROSPECT showed superior technical performance (GRS 39.36 ± 2.05; Checklist 63.51 ± 3.18) in real life with significantly fewer supervisor takeovers compared with trainees receiving e-learning alone (GRS 28.42 ± 2.15; p = .001; Checklist 53.63 ± 3.34; p = .027) or traditional education (GRS 23.09 ± 2.18; p = .001; Checklist 38.72 ± 3.38; p = .001). Supervisors felt more confident in allowing PROSPECT trained physicians to perform basic ( p = .006) and complex ( p = .003) procedures. No differences were detected in procedural parameters (such as fluoroscopy time, DAP, procedure time, etc.) or complications. Proficiency levels were maintained up to 3 months. Conclusions A structured, stepwise, proficiency based endovascular curriculum including e-learning and simulation based training should be integrated early into training programs to enhance trainee performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sangamneri, Osmanabadi, Berari and Konkan Kanyal are the known breeds of Maharashtra state of India. DNA from 50 unrelated goats of each breed was analysed to know the genetic diversity using 25 microsatellite markers. A total of 479 alleles (192 in Sangamneri, 153 in Osmanabadi, 294 in Berari and 255 in Konkan Kanyal) were observed. Mean number of alleles per locus and observed heterozygosity were 7.68, 6.12, 11.76, 10.20 and 0.53, 0.42, 0.67 and 0.58 for Sangamneri, Osmanabadi, Berari and Kanyal goat populations respectively. The fixation coefficients of sub-populations within the total population (FST), varied from 0.04 (OarHH64) to 0.68 (OarJMP29) with a mean of 0.17. The L-shaped mode-shift curve indicated the absence of reduction in effective population size. The genetic distances between four breeds indicated the distinctness of Berari and Konkan Kanyal from Sangamneri and Osmanabadi. Berari and Konkan Kanyal although exists at different geographic locations but show some genetic overlapping. The Nei's genetic distance observed between breeds were 0.472 (Sangamneri and Osmanabadi), 0.667 (Sangamneri and Berari), 0.819 (Sangamneri and Konkan Kanyal), 0.797 (Osmanabadi and Berari), 0.994 (Osmanabadi and Konkan Kanyal) and 0.092 (Berari and Konkan Kanyal). Konkan Kanyal is genetically more distant from Osmanabadi and Sangamneri than Berari. Sangamneri and Osmanabadi goat breeds were assigned to cluster-3 where the proportion of membership for each breed was 0.975 (Sangamneri) and 0.992 (Osmanabadi). Kanyal and Berari goat populations were assigned to another cluster (Cluster 4). The proportion for their membership was 0.923 (Konkan Kanyal) and 0.869 (Berari). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The aim of this study was to establish a consensus on Fundamental Endovascular Skills (FES) for educational purposes and development of training curricula for endovascular procedures. The term “Fundamental Endovascular Skills” is widely used; however, the current literature does not explicitly describe what skills are included in this concept. Endovascular interventions are performed by several specialties that may have opposing perspectives on these skills. Methods A two round Delphi questionnaire approach was used. Experts from interventional cardiology, interventional radiology, and vascular surgery from the United States and Europe were invited to participate. An electronic questionnaire was generated by endovascular therapists with an appropriate educational background but who would not participate in subsequent rounds. The questionnaire consisted of 50 statements describing knowledge, technical, and behavioral skills during endovascular procedures. Experts received the questionnaires by email. They were asked to rate the importance of each skill on a Likert scale from 1 to 5. A statement was considered fundamental when more than 90% of the experts rated it 4 or 5 out of 5. Results Twenty-three of 53 experts invited agreed to participate: six interventional radiologists (2 USA, 4 Europe), 10 vascular surgeons (4 USA, 6 Europe), and seven interventional cardiologists (4 USA, 3 Europe). There was a 100% response rate in the first round and 87% in the second round. Results showed excellent consensus among responders (Cronbach's alpha = .95 first round; .93 second round). Ninety percent of all proposed skills were considered fundamental. The most critical skills were determined. Conclusions A transatlantic multispecialty consensus was achieved about the content of “FES” among interventional radiologists, interventional cardiologists, and vascular surgeons from Europe and the United States. These results can serve as directive principles for developing endovascular training curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses research which examined the genetic diversity of Kalahandi goats of India. Topics discussed include the use of genomic DNA isolated from blood samples in the study, the average number of observed allele, and substantial genetic variation and polymorphism across the studied loci in Kalahandi goats. The low inbreeding found in Kalahandi flocks is also noted.

The article discusses a study to characterize local goat populations of Odisha, India by conducting systematic surveys in identified areas and collecting data on phenotype, biometry and management practices. Topics discussed include the comparison between Ghumusar and Kalahandi goats with Ganjam and Black Bengal goats and findings that Ghumusar and Kalahandi have the highest genetic distance while the Ganjam and Black Bengal have minimum genetic distance.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate feasibility, face validity, influence on technical factors and subjective sense of utility of patient-specific rehearsal (PsR) prior to endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). Design: A prospective, multicentre pilot study. Methods: Patients suitable for EVAR were enrolled and a three-dimensional (3D) model of the patient's anatomy was generated. Less than 24 h prior to the real case, rehearsals were conducted in the laboratory or clinical angiosuite. Technical metrics were recorded during both procedures. A subjective questionnaire was used to evaluate realism, technical and human factor aspects (scale 1–5). Results: Ten patients were enrolled. In one case, the treatment plan was altered based on PsR. In 7/9 patients, the rehearsal significantly altered the optimal C-arm position for the proximal landing zone and an identical fluoroscopy angle was chosen in the real procedure. All team members found the rehearsal useful for selecting the optimal fluoroscopy angle (median 4). The realism of the EVAR procedure simulation was rated highly (median 4). All team members found the PsR useful to prepare the individual team members and the entire team (median 4). Conclusions: PsR for EVAR permits creation of realistic case studies. Subjective evaluation indicates that it may influence optimal C-arm angles and be valuable to prepare the entire team. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) is planned to evaluate how this technology may influence technical and team performance, ultimately leading to improved patient safety. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses the results of a study examining the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of Surti goat breeds. The authors used microsatellite markers to estimate breed's genetic variability, average body weights and biometrical characteristics. The results showed that 72 percent of breeds had positive deviation from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium through heterozygote deficiency analysis. Information on breeds' milk production, effective number of alleles, and polymorphism is provided.

Abstract: Objective(s): Patient-specific simulated rehearsal (PsR) is a technological advance within the domain of endovascular virtual reality (VR) simulation. It allows incorporation of patient-specific computed tomography Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (CT DICOM) data into the simulation and subsequent rehearsal of real patient cases. This study aimed to evaluate whether a part-task rehearsal (PTr) of a carotid artery stenting procedure (CAS) on a VR simulator is as effective as a full-task (FTr) preoperative run through. Methods: Medical trainees were trained in the CAS procedure and randomised to a PTr or FTr of a challenging CAS case (Type-II arch). PTr consisted of 30min of repeated catheterisations of the common carotid artery (CCA). Thereafter, both groups performed the CAS procedure in a fully functional simulated operating suite (SOS) with an interventional team. Technical performances were assessed using simulator-based metrics and expert ratings. Other aspects of performance were assessed using the Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) scoring. Results: Twenty trainees were evenly randomised to either PTr or FTr. No differences in performance were seen except for the total time the embolic protection device (EPD) was deployed (9.4min for the PT vs. 8.1min for the FT, p =0.02). Total time (26.3 vs. 25.5min, p =0.94), fluoroscopy time (15.8 vs. 14.4min, p =0.68), number of roadmaps (10.5 vs. 11.0, p =0.54), amount of contrast (53.5 vs. 58.0ml, p =0.33), time to deploy the EPD (0.9 vs. 0.8min, p =0.31) and time to catheterise the CCA (9.2 vs. 8.9min, p=0.94) were similar. Qualitative performances as measured by expert ratings (score 24 vs. 24, p =0.49) and NOTSS (p >0.05 for all categories) were also comparable. Conclusions: Part- and full-task rehearsals are equally effective with respect to the operative performance of a simulated CAS intervention. This finding makes a patient-specific rehearsal more efficient and may increase the feasibility of implementation of this technology into medical practice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: The ability to perform patient-specific simulated rehearsal of complex endovascular interventions is a technological advance with potential benefits to patient outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate whether patient-specific rehearsal of a carotid artery stenting (CAS) procedure has an influence on tool selection and the use of fluoroscopy. Methods: Following case note and computed tomography (CT) angiographic review of a real patient case, subjects performed the CAS procedure on a virtual reality simulator. Endovascular tool requirements and fluoroscopic angles were evaluated with a pre- and post-case questionnaire. Participants also rated the simulation from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent). Results: Thirty-three endovascular physicians with varying degrees of CAS experience were recruited: inexperienced (5–20 CAS procedures) n = 11, moderately (21–50 CAS procedures) n = 7 or highly experienced (>50 CAS procedures) n = 15. For all participants, 96 of a possible 363 changes (26%) were observed from pre- to post-case questionnaires. This was most notable for optimal fluoroscopy C-arm position 15/33 (46%), choice of selective catheter 13/33 (39%), choice of sheath or guiding catheter 11/33 (33%) and balloon dilatation strategy 10/33 (30%). Experience with the CAS procedure did not influence the degree of change significantly (p > 0.05), and all groups exhibited a considerable modification in tool and fluoroscopy preference. The model was considered realistic and useful as a tool to practice a real case (median score 4/5). Conclusion: Patient-specific simulated rehearsal of a complex endovascular procedure strongly influences tool selection and fluoroscopy preferences for the real case. Further research has to evaluate how this technology may transfer from in vitro to in vivo and if it can reduce the radiation dose and the number of endovascular tools used and improve outcomes for patients in the clinical setting. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a study that investigated the genetic variation in Kanniadu's, goats that are prolific meat breeders thriving in the tropical drought conditions of Tamil Nadu, India. Molecular techniques to generate allelic data from a battery of 25 microsatellite markers were done by isolating genomic DNA from blood samples of 48 unrelated Kanniadus. The samples showed a high level of genetic variability which suggested the further genetic improvement of the goats for the purpose of uniform breeding.

The article discusses a research study on the genetic variability within the breed of Changthangi goats of India. Blood samples were collected from the breeding tract and a battery of 12 microsatellite was used for genetic characterization of Changthangi breed. It suggests that Changthangi goats exhibited a substantial amount of genetic variation as seen in the heterozygosity and number of alleles per locus and that heterozygosity can be increased and exploited to improve productivity by avoiding unplanned and indiscriminate mating among the breed.

The article analyzes the phenotypic and genetic variability in Sangamneri goats in India. The number of alleles observed in 25 micro-satellite markers was three to 21 with an overall mean of 9.0. Most of the loci observed had polymorphic information content (PIC) value higher than 0.5. Observed heterozygosity varied from 0.2769 to 0.8880.

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is an infrequent cause of hospital-acquired infections. The clinical and microbiological profiles of infections due to E. meningoseptica over a seven-year period at a Level-I trauma centre are reported in this study. Medical records of patients from whose clinical samples E. meningoseptica was isolated on more than one occasion were reviewed. A total of 21 cases were observed during the study, 16 (76.2%) of which exhibited multidrug resistance. The observed in-hospital mortality rate was 47.6%. A high index of clinical suspicion and effective detection of E. meningoseptica in clinical samples are requisite for improved clinical outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the phenotype and genetic features from the breeding information on Malabari goats in Kerala, India. The goat keepers are interviewed for information on goat performance and herd management. The goats mature early, the female is able to conceive at 8-10 months while the male starts to breed at 9-12 months of age. There is a five percent probability of having quadruplets. The milk production of the goats range from 500 milliliters to 1.5 liters per day.

Abstract: Objectives: To develop weighted error-based, generic and procedure-specific rating scales, to validate these scales for video-based assessment during virtual carotid artery stent (CAS) procedures and correlate them with simulator-derived metrics. Methods: A questionnaire was developed to assess the technique during live CAS procedures. Errors were rated from 1 (unimportant) to 5 (life-threatening) by 28 highly experienced CAS (>50 CAS) physicians. Virtual CAS procedure was performed by 21 interventionalists with varied CAS experience. Fluoroscopy screen and hand movements were video-taped, and simulator-derived metrics recorded. Experienced CAS practitioners then rated the video-taped performances using weighted error, generic and procedure-specific rating scales. Results: Of the 23 errors assessed, 12 were regarded as moderate (score 3), six serious (score 4) and four life-threatening (score 5). The generic rating scale was able to detect significant differences in performance between inexperienced and experienced CAS operators (score 25 vs. 32 respectively, P <0.01). All scoring systems demonstrated good inter-rater reliability (α =0.61–0.87). Significant correlations were observed between simulator-derived and video-based scores: weighted error-based score (r: 0.76, P <0.01), generic (r: 0.62, P <0.01) and procedure-specific (r: 0.76, P <0.01) rating scales. Conclusions: The generic endovascular rating scale differentiated between levels of CAS experience among skilled interventionalists and correlated to simulator-based error scoring. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

More than two hundred thermal conductivity measurements for different snow densities and snow types were carried out in-situ at a field research station located in greater Himalayan range of India. These measurements were carried out using a commercially available portable thermal conductivity meter. Thermal conductivity measurements were carried out on the fresh snow, equi-temperature snow, and surface hoar and temperature-gradient snow. Average thermal conductivity of snow varied from 0.08 W/mK (Fresh snow of 120 kg/m³ density) to 0.32 W/m K (Equi-temperature snow of 420 kg/m³ density). Based on these measurements, a new density-based thermal conductivity equation is proposed. Using this proposed equation, modeled snowpack temperatures showed closer agreement with the observed data as compared to the predictions based on other well-known empirical and theoretical thermal conductivity equations for snow. This study highlights the advantages and limitations of empirical based thermal conductivity equations over the complex models based on snow microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on a study which investigated poultry meat speciation through sequence analysis of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. A brief overview is provided on molecular approaches for poultry met species identification in India. It discusses some methods for species identification of different species of poultry meat, which include polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, sequencing and analysis of mt 12S rRNA gene. It describes the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene used in sequence analysis. It also details the nucleotide sequence similarities and divergence of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene of different poultry species.

Objective: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is an advanced endovascular intervention with a steep learning curve. Virtual reality (VR) simulation has been proposed as a means to train and objectively assess technical performance. Aim: To objectively assess psychomotor skills acquisition of experienced interventionalists attending a two-day CAS course, using a VR simulator. Methods: Both cognitive and technical skills of 11 interventionalists were trained in a two-day course using didactic sessions, case reviews, supervised VR simulation and live-cases. Pre- and post-course skills were assessed through performance on the same CAS procedure using metrics derived from the simulator. Results: Significant differences were noted between pre- and post-course performance for procedure (36 vs. 20min., p =0.005), X-ray (20 vs. 11min., p =0.016) and delivery-retrieval time of the embolic protection device (12 vs. 9min., p =0.007). Advancement of the guiding catheter without a leading wire occurred to a greater extent pre- versus post-course (199 vs. 152mm., p =0.050) as did spasm of the internal carotid artery (4 vs. 2, p =0.049). Conclusions: This study has objectively proven a benefit for experienced interventionalists to attend CAS courses for skills acquisition measured by a VR simulator. These data can be used to offer participants an insight into their skills and objectively audit course efficacy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare necrotizing infection of renal parenchyma and/or urinary tract caused by gas producing organisms more commonly associated with diabetes mellitus. It has life threatening potential primarily due to septicemia and multiorgan failure and often requires nephrectomy. We report three patients with EPN who were managed with medical treatment and nephrostomy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Introduction: There is a learning curve in the acquisition of endovascular skills for the treatment of vascular disease. Integration of Virtual reality (VR) simulator based training into the educational training curriculum offers a potential solution to overcome this learning curve. However evidence-based training curricula that define which tasks, how often and in which order they should be performed have yet to be developed. The aim of this study was to determine the nature of skills acquisition on the renal and iliac modules of a commercially-available VR simulator. Method: 20 surgical trainees without endovascular experience were randomised to complete eight sessions on a VR iliac (group A) or renal (group B) training module. To determine skills transferability across the two procedures, all subjects performed two further VR cases of the other procedure. Performance was recorded by the simulator for parameters such as time taken, contrast fluid usage and stent placement accuracy. Results: During training, both groups demonstrated statistically significant VR learning curves: group A for procedure time (p <0.001) and stent placement accuracy (p =0.013) group B for procedure time (p <0.001), fluoroscopy time (p =0.003) and volume of contrast fluid used (p <0.001). At crossover, subjects in group B (renal trained) performed to the same level of skill on the simulated iliac task as group A. However, those in group A (iliac trained) had a significantly higher fluoroscopy time (median 118 vs 72 secs, p =0.020) when performing their first simulated renal task than for group B. Conclusion: Novice endovascular surgeons can significantly improve their performance of simulated procedures through repeated practice on VR simulators. Skills transfer between tasks was demonstrated but complex task training, such as selective arterial cannulation in simulators and possibly in the real world appears to involve a separate skill. It is thus suggested that a stepwise and hierarchical training curriculum is developed for acquisition of endovascular skill using VR simulation to supplement training on patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate virtual reality (VR) simulation for endovascular training of surgeons inexperienced in this technique. Methods: Twenty consultant vascular surgeons were divided into those who had performed >50 endovascular procedures (e.g. aortic and carotid stent) as primary operator (n=8), and those having performed <10 procedures (n=12). To test for endovascular skill rather than procedural knowledge, all subjects performed a renal artery balloon angioplasty and stent procedure. The simulator uses real tools with active force feedback, and provides a realistic image of the virtual patient. Surgeons with endovascular skills performed two repetitions and those without completed six repetitions of the same task. The simulator recorded time taken for the procedure, the amount of contrast fluid used and total fluoroscopy time. Results: Initially, surgeons with endovascular skills were significantly faster (median 571.5 vs. 900.0s, p=0.039) and used less contrast fluid (19.1 vs. 42.9ml, p=0.047) than inexperienced operators, though differences for fluoroscopy time were not significant (273 vs. 441s, p=0.305). Over the six sessions, the inexperienced group made significant improvements in performance for time taken (p=0.007) and contrast fluid usage (p=0.021), achieving similar scores at the end of the training program to the experienced group. Conclusions: Surgeons with minimal endovascular experience can improve their time taken and contrast usage during short-phase training on a VR endovascular task. VR simulation may be useful for the early part of the learning curve for surgeons who wish to expand their endovascular interests. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses research concerning the effect of climatic conditions on the phenotypic characterization, biometry and welfare of Singharey goat located at hilly terrain rocky mountaineous region of Sikkim, India.