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Purpose: To describe a rare case of unilateral, endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Aggregatibacter aphrophilus (HACEK group) confirmed in vitreous and blood cultures, in a patient with dentophobia. Methods: Case report. Patients: A seventy-five-year-old male patient with Type 2 diabetes, previous myocardial infarction, and pacemaker implantation. Results: Patient was observed with sudden loss of vision at the Department of Ophthalmology, Uppsala University. Initial diagnosis was posterior vitreous detachment and anterior uveitis, but progression of disease led to vitrectomy, which actually demonstrated endophthalmitis and growth of A. aphrophilus of the HACEK group. Aggregatibacter bacteremia and pacemaker endocarditis were also identified and dental examination confirmed growth of Aggregatibacter in the oral cavity. Intravitreal treatment with ceftazidime and vancomycin according to Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study protocol was administered with quick resolution of endophthalmitis. Conclusion: Aggregatibacter endophthalmitis is a rare, but devastating cause of vision loss where immediate diagnosis may be delayed. Prompt diagnosis may be facilitated by a thorough medical history and early vitreous biopsy. Systemic investigation by an infectious disease specialist and multidisciplinary assessment are mandatory. Ophthalmologic treatment is effective with intravitreal injections of ceftazidime and vancomycin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periodontitis in adolescents has historically been rare in the Nordic countries but could be expected to increase due to changes in demographics. The primary aim was to cross-sectionally examine the presence of radiographic bone loss in adolescents in Västerbotten County, Sweden. The secondary aim was to compare periodontal and microbial parameters, as well as demographic patterns, in controls without bone loss with cases with bone loss.Methods: Adolescents born 2001 and who had a dental examination 2016 (n = 1656) were screened for proximal bone loss using bitewing radiographs taken during dental examinations (2014-2016). Individuals that exhibited proximal bone loss (> 2 mm) were invited to participate in a complete periodontal examination. Subgingival plaque and saliva were also sampled. For each adolescent with bone loss, two healthy individuals as controls were examined. Selected bacterial species in saliva and subgingival plaque were quantitatively examined by quantitative PCR. The subgingival plaque samples were also analysed with cultivation technique.Results: Proximal bone loss was identified in 24 individuals (1.45%) based on all the radiographs. Thirteen of these cases were periodontally examined and matched with 26 controls. Most cases were diagnosed with periodontitis (12/13 [92%]), whereas none of the controls had periodontitis. Higher concentrations and higher prevalence of the bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Filifactor alocis were generally found in the cases.Conclusion: The results suggest that periodontitis among adolescents, because of demographic differences (an increasingly heterogenous population), in Sweden is increasing and emphasizes the importance of radiographs for early detection of this disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to describe invasive pneumonia with rib destruction caused by Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans that mimicked malignancy and tuberculosis of the chest on initial presentation. CASE PRESENTATION: We reported a case of A. actinomycetemcomitans pneumonia with rib destruction and reviewed similar published pediatric cases. It was noted in this case that Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans is a fastidious, slow-growing organism that caused pneumonia and rib destruction. It needed a long duration of therapy to eradicate the organism. CONCLUSIONS: Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, a fastidious gramnegative bacillus that is part of the oral flora, is frequently found in human periodontal cultures and is an important pathogen causing various invasive infections. Pneumonia caused by A. actinomycetemcomitans is rare and treatment protocols are not well established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is a potentially periodontal bacteria causing periodontal tissue destruction, which may not be cleaned at the time of scaling and root planing. Piper betle Linn which has long been used as a traditional medicine in Indonesia to cure various diseases in the mouth, potentially also as an adjunctive therapy in periodontitis. The objective of the research was to investigate the effect of betel leaf fraction on the growth of Aa bacteria. Materials and methods: Fresh betel leaf extraction with water, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol and 95% ethanol extract (EtOH) showed the highest inhibitory effect against Aa bacteria. 95% EtOH fractionated yielded 6 active fractions, then tested its antibacterial activity against Aa. Results: Fractionation of EtOH 95% yielded 6 active fractions comprising FrEtOH 30%, 50%, 100%, 10%, 20% and FW 100%. The test results of the 95% EtOH fraction showed 4 fractions that have inhibitory power against Aa bacteria. Conclusion: The 100% EtOH fraction shows the highest inhibitory effect against Aa bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]