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The ocean economy is crucial in facilitating green exchanges and promoting inclusive growth. Despite its significance, this domain needs more investigation, leading to diverse findings in existing literature. This study empirically examines the links between energy trade, green exchanges, and inclusive growth within the context of the ocean economy in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) region. Using the Liner Shipping Connectivity Index as a proxy for ocean economy and debt-for-nature swaps as a proxy for green exchanges, we employ an advanced Two-Step System of GMM econometric modelling. Data from 23 BRI member countries, sourced from WDI (World Bank), OECD Statistics, and UNCTAD Statistics, covering the period from 2004 to 2022, form the basis of our analysis. Our findings confirm a long-run dynamic relationship between the ocean economy, energy trade, green exchanges, and inclusive growth. The results indicate that the ocean economy and debt-for-nature swap financing contribute to economic growth. However, results show a weak marine structural development because the results are not highly significant. To address this, we propose comprehensive policy measures to strengthen structural development to enhance inclusive economic growth. Our study highlights the need for strategic policies that balance economic benefits with sustainability goals, leveraging technological advancements and promoting equitable growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review is to compare the safety and efficacy of the cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil in patients with diabetes and renal failure. There is no work we found that compare the safety and efficacy of cyclosporine and mycophenolate in diabetic and renal failure patients. Method: Search was limited from 1983 to 2017 and articles must be in English. Articles searched from various resources and are evaluated using PRISMA. 25 articles selected and screened at the end 12 articles included in the study. Result: The result shows that the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine is affected by the renal failure and diabetes and mycophenolate did not show much variation in pharmacokinetics. The safety of mycophenolate in renal patient in term of serum Creatinine is more than the cyclosporine and shifting of patient from cyclosporine to mycophenolate shows better result. Conclusion: It is concluded that mycophenolate is safer and more efficacious than cyclosporine in diabetic patients with renal failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cystic fibrosis (CF) was earlier thought to be a disease prevalent in the West among Caucasians. However, quite a number of recent studies have uncovered CF cases outside of this region, and reported hundreds of unique and novel variant forms of CFTR. Here, we discuss the evidence of CF in parts of the world earlier considered to be rare; Africa, and Asia. This review also highlighted the CFTR mutation variations and new mutations discovered in these regions. This discovery implies that the CF data from these regions were earlier underestimated. The inadequate awareness of the disease in these regions might have contributed towards the poor diagnostic facilities, under-diagnosis or/and under-reporting, and the lack of CF associated health policies. Overall, these regions have a high rate of infant, childhood and early adulthood mortality due to CF. Therefore, there is a need for a thorough investigation of CF prevalence and to identify unique and novel variant mutations within these regions in order to formulate intervention plans, create awareness, develop mutation specific screening kits and therapies to keep CF mortality at bay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Statins effectively prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but rates of statin discontinuation after adverse events are high. Objective Describe the range and relative frequencies of adverse events potentially attributable to statins in lipid referral practice and assess statin rechallenge outcomes. Methods Retrospective cohort study of 642 patients with statin-associated adverse events evaluated in a referral lipid clinic between January 1, 2004 and January 27, 2011. Results Patients experiencing adverse events by organ system included 92% with musculoskeletal, 8% central nervous system, 10% liver, 8% gastrointestinal, 5% peripheral nervous system, 5% skin, and 3% other events. Overlap of organ system involvement occurred in 22.5%. At least 1 follow-up visit was made by 557 patients, among whom overall median follow-up was 25 months. Among patients treated with a statin in the clinic, 71% remained on a statin at the last follow-up visit. Patients with hepatic transaminase increases by history were numerically more likely than the overall group to resume or remain on statin treatment, whereas those reporting central nervous system or gastrointestinal symptoms trended lower for statin maintenance. Among patients who experienced an adverse event after statin rechallenge, the majority (64%) were being treated with intermittent, nondaily dosing at the time of the adverse event. Conclusion Although musculoskeletal symptoms are reported by 90% of patients with statin intolerance, symptoms involving other organ systems may be more frequent than previously supposed. Understanding the range of symptoms, time course, and impact on daily activities informs counseling in patient-centered practice, but assessment of causation by statins remains challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]