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Ecological and economics issues are caused to give careful consideration to electric vehicles (EV) and sustainable power source assets. One of the proposed answers for increment the impact of these assets, is to utilize the electric vehicles potential. The capability of electric vehicles require planning for Smart Distribution Systems (SDS). Request reaction programs, as a suitable device to utilize endorsers’ potential in ideal administration of the system, gives dynamic nearness of supporters in control framework execution change and these projects, in basic conditions, can give the request prerequisites diminishment, in a brief timeframe. In this work, attempts to presents a multi-objective scheduling of EV based on the sustainable assets in smart grid, cover uncertainty caused by inexhaustible assets and EVs, by considering of the request reaction projects and EV battery stockpiling framework, limit the working expenses and the measure of intensity framework contamination, with enhancing procedures. Improved optimization algorithm is utilized for taking care of the advancing issue. Operating costs dropped much further utilizing monetary model of the demand response and vehicle charge/discharge and smart program in the hours when the load is lower. Effectiveness of proposed method is applied on 33 bus standard power system.

Purpose: The contribution of women entrepreneurs is still invisible and needs to be properly investigated. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this relationship by measuring women entrepreneurship and economic development at global level. Design/methodology/approach: Secondary data has been retrieved from Female Entrepreneurship Index Report 2015, Human Development Report 2015 and KOF Index of Globalization 2015. Cross-sectional data is used from 69 countries of the world. Multiple regression is applied to estimate the data. Findings: The results explained the significant impact of women entrepreneurship on the economies of the world. It was observed that women participation in entrepreneurial activities not only supports to their family income but also plays a significant role in economic development and social well-being of the society. Research limitations/implications: There is no information about total output of women entrepreneurs in terms of new enterprises setups and established businesses of women except for year 2015. So, to measure the real contribution of women entrepreneurs around the globe is still a challenge. Practical implications: It is reality that when women would be empowered as entrepreneurs then whole society gets benefits from it, as women entrepreneurs are beneficial for not only economic development but also social development of society. Originality/value: This study uniquely addresses the contribution of women entrepreneurs in the world economy which is still an unseen but a powerful benefactor of development.

Disproportionate or progressive collapse is a phenomenon in which entire structure or large part of it collapses because of the local failure of a structure. Resistance to such progressive collapse depends on continuity between elements and ductility of the connections. The ductility of commonly used bolted end plate connections may depend on the T-stub component of the connection. The aim of this paper is to study the behaviour of T-stub components of beam to column end plate bolted connections under large deformation demands associated with column loss scenario. For this purpose, a parametric study is carried out to evaluate the ultimate strength and deformation capacity considering two parameters i.e. distance between the bolts and endplate thickness. Based on the experimental data, numerical model has been validated and employed in a parametric numerical study aimed at improving the response under large deformation demands. The study indicate significant role of bolts in development of catenary forces since the ultimate tensile capacity of T-stub after undergoing large deformation in a ductile failure mode was controlled by the failure of the bolts. Parametric study reveals much higher bolt force in comparison with displacement controlled induced axial force in the T-stub indicating failure of the bolts at much lower applied axial force.

A simplex-centroid design for qmixture components comprises of all possible subsets of the qcomponents, present in equal proportions. The design does not contain full mixture blends except the overall centroid. In real-life situations, all mixture blends comprise of at least a minimum proportion of each component. Here, we introduce simplex-centroid designs which contain complete blends but with some loss in D-efficiency and stability in G-efficiency. We call such designs as shrinkage simplex-centroid designs. Furthermore, we use the proposed designs to generate component-amount designs by their projection.

The main objective of this study was to examine the likelihood of household savings in relation to their characteristics, and analyze whether households move to upper level in hierarchy of saving motives as described in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory. This research used primary data by using a questionnaire with six categories of saving motives—daily expenses, emergency motives, major purchases, retirement, children, and investment. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test the relationship between household characteristics and saving motives. The results indicate that households with different characteristics save for different motives, and a change in household characteristics causes movement in the hierarchy of saving motives. Lower income households save for lower level needs i.e. daily expenses, while high income households save for higher needs such as investment. Savings for children was reported as the most important saving motive and existed in almost all income groups. Results have implications for policy makers and professional in behavioral finance.

The simulation and experimental studies of the Jets obtained from different conical liners from a charge having 56mm-diameter is presented in this paper. An OFHC copper liner of thickness 1 mm and 54 mm-diameters is used for jet formation analysis. Charge ignition is made by using Point detonation method. The simulation results are obtained from Ansysis Autodyn 2-D hydrocode. Experiments are conducted for a charge having 600 conical liner. Flash X-ray Radiography is used for image capturing. The performance capacity of standard shaped charge is predicted by its penetration against steel target. It is observed that kinetic energy of the jet decreases as angle increases, also total energy of the explosive increases and hence the Ratio of the K.E of the jet to the total energy of the explosive decreases as the angle increases. Simulation results are compared with the experimental results. It is observed that simulation results are in favorable agreement within acceptable range of error with the experimental results.

The main input of this research is the introduction of the concept of double weak Hopf quiver (DWHQ). In addition, the structures of weak Hopf algebra (WHA) are obtained through path coalgebra of the proposed quivers. Furthermore, the module and comodule structures on the said WHA are discussed. Moreover, the classification of the semilattice-graded WHA structures of the path coalgebra obtained from the so called DWHQ was presented. This contributes a step further in the development of the module and comodule structures of more general algebras. These structures are important in the physics for dynamic systems.

In a diesel engine, three combustion parameters, which describe the crank angle at the start of ignition, the total amount of heat release and the combustion duration can be used to control the speed, efficiency, noise and exhaust emission. Pressure analysis of a diesel engine cylinder can be used for identifying these parameters. The combustion parameters can be determined using the pressure signal and the pressure derived from a mathematical model of the combustion process. One such mathematical model of the combustion process called the Wiebe function is widely used in application. In this work, we investigated the Wiebe function and the analysis shows that the computational time to determine the combustion parameters is too high to be used in the real-time operation. Therefore, several alternative models were formulated, which are cheap in computation. Thus, these models are more suitable for real-time operation.

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst is currently considered the most effective technology for high nitrogen oxides removal from exhaust gas of a diesel engine using ammonia as a reducing agent. To design an SCR catalyst, we require knowing the flow and reactive properties, geometric feature and thermal properties of the SCR catalyst. These properties can be described using partial differential equations (PDEs). PDEs can be solved by numerical methods. However, chemical reaction parameters from the reactive gases are unknown in PDEs. Therefore, the model cannot be solved unless the parameters are identified. Identification of reaction parameters in an SCR catalyst leads to a highly non-linear least squares problem. In this work, we solved this least squares problem for reaction parameters. Using these reaction parameters, the model was used to simulate the nitrogen oxides emission from an SCR catalyst.

The sorption behaviour of Co(II) and Hg(II) on 2-nitroso-1-naphthol loaded polyurethane foam (PUF) was studied. The maximum sorption of 1.8×10-5M solution of Co(II) occurred at low pH range 3-7 and that of 3.11×10-5M solution of Hg(II) was sorbed at higher pH range 7-9. The maximum equilibrium was attained within twenty minute shaking time. The adsorption data followed the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms successfully. The Freundlich constants 1/nand Kffor Co(II) are 0.44 and 1.18×10-2mol g-1and for Hg(II) are 0.38 and 8.67×10-4mol g-1respectively indicate the surface heterogeneity. The Langmuir constants Mand bare 2.6×10-4mol g-1and 4.7×104L g-1for Co(II) and 2.9×10-5mol g-1and 7.6×104L g-1for Hg(II) respectively. The sorption free energy (E) evaluated from Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm for Co(II) and Hg(II) are 12.7kJ mol-1and 13.13kJ mol-1respectively, which indicate the ion exchange type chemisorption of Co(II) and Hg(II) onto 2-nitroso-1-naphthol loaded PUF. The thermodynamics parameters ΔH, ΔSand ΔGhave been evaluated. The change in enthalpy (ΔH) of Co(II) is 74.55kJ mol-1, indicates the endothermic sorption, while for Hg(II) is -25.28kJ mol-1, depicts the exothermic sorption. The effect of diverse anions on the sorption of Co(II) and Hg(II) has been studied which revealed that the sorption of Hg(II) was completely masked in the presence of bromide, tartrate, nitrite, EDTA, thiocyanate, cyanide, perchlorate, ascorbate and thiourea, whereas sorption of Co(II) was greatly affected in the presence of oxalate, EDTA, cyanide, citrate and ascorbic acid. The nature of sorption mechanism has been discussed. The 2-nitroso-1-naphthol loaded PUF has potential in radiochemistry to separate 203Hg(II) from 75Se(IV), and Co(II) from Ni(II) metal ions or vice versa.

The sorption behaviour of a 2.46 • 10−5M solution of Hg(II) on 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR)-loaded polyurethane foam (PUF) was investigated. Optimum sorption was observed from acetate medium at pH 6 with the maximum equilibration time being 30 min. The kinetic data indicated an intraparticle diffusion process with sorption being first order. The rate constant k was 0.053 min−1. The classical Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were tested. The Freundlich constants 1/n and Kfwere determined as 0.40 and 1.07 • 10−3mol/g, respectively, and the Langmuir constants ‘M’ and ‘b’ were 3.84 • 10−5mol/g and 3.5 • 104dm3/mol, respectively. A sorption free energy (E) of 12.9 kJ/mol indicated chemisorption. The numerical values of the thermodynamic parameters ΔH, ΔS and ΔG indicated that sorption was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The Scatchard equation was tested as a means of evaluating the binding sites of PUF with Hg(II). The stability constants for sorption were determined and the sorption mechanism was discussed.

The sorption of preheated selenium-thiocyanate complexes onto polyurethane (PUR) foam has been studied as a function of equilibration time (1–60 min), concentration of selenium (3.80 × 10−4−4.39 × 10−3M) and amount of PUR foam. Maximum sorption (> 98%) has been achieved from 0.5 M hydrochloric acid solution within 20 minutes using 7.25 mg/cm3PUR foam in the presence of 3.75 × 10−2M thiocyanate ions. The sorption data have been subjected to Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D–R) isotherms. The Freundlich parameters 1/n= 0.25 ± 0.02 and of KF= 1.7 ± 0.2 mmole g−1, Langmuir constants M= 0.23 ± 0.01 mmole g−1and of b= 23 ± 2 dm3mmole−1and of D-R constants, Cm= 0.82 ± 0.04 mmole g−1, β = −0.0032 ± 0.0002 mole2kJ−2and of E= 12.5 ± 0.2 kJ mole−1have been evaluated. The kinetic data have been subjected to Morris-Weber, Lagergren and Reichenberg equations and rate constants of intraparticle transport and first order have been computed. Thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy suggest the endothermic and spontaneous adsorption of Se(IV)-SCN complex onto PUR foam at higher temperature. The influence of common anions and cations on the accumulation of selenium-thiocyanate onto PUR foam has been carried out. The possible sorption mechanism has also been discussed.

Abstract: Extraction of Hg(II), Se(IV), Mn(II) and Co(II) has been carried out with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-trifluoroacetyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (HPMTFP) and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) into chloroform from pH 1–10. Quantitative extraction of Hg(II), Mn(II) and Co(II) at pH 4 with equimolar 0.05M (PMTFP+TPPO) in chloroform was observed. Se(IV) remains unextracted at this pH range. The stoichiometric composition of the extracted complexes M(PMTFP)2·nH2O (M=Mn, Hg), M(PMTFP)2·2TPPO (M=Mn and Co) and Co(PMTFP)2·TPPO·H2O at less than 0.1M TPPO has been established. The formation constantsK m,0 andK m,n and stability constantsbetam,n have been computed. The analytical method developed was applied to the IAEA standard reference material (SRM) potato fluor V-4 for the determination of these elements using NAA technique.

Abstract: Synergic extraction of different essential and toxic metal ions such as Mn(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Hg(II), Cd(II) and Se(IV) has been carried out using toluene-3,4-dithiol (TDT) and trioctylamine (TOA) in chloroform. A strong synergic effect in the extraction of Co(II), Mn(II) and Zn(II) has been observed. The effect of different anions on the extraction has also been analyzed. Ascorbate ions can easily separate Hg(II) and Se(IV) ions. The stability of synergic adduct and reaction mechanism are discussed.

In adult rats, cholecystokinin (CCK) binds to pancreatic CCK-A receptors and stimulates exocrine secretion and pancreatic growth. In newborn rats there is very little mature intestinal CCK and few pancreatic CCK-A receptors. However, there is an abundant source of the related peptide gastrin, and in addition, there are pancreatic CCK-B/gastrin receptors. In this study, we have explored the hypothesis that gastrin may “deputise” for CCK in the neonate and cause pancreatic exocrine secretion, growth, and maturation. Newborn rats were injected intraperitoneally with the gastrin antagonist, CI-988, or placebo for 5 days and sacrificed on day 6. Body weight (CI-988, 8.25 ± 0.48 g; placebo, 10.17 ± 0.93 g) and pancreatic weight (19.41 ± 1.5 vs. 21.58 ± 1.72 mg) were the same. Protein (1,202 ± 78 vs. 1,254 ± 56 μg), amylase (22.3 ± 0.9 vs. 19.2 ± 1.00 U), RNA (117 ± 7 vs. 126 ± 5 μg), and DNA (95 ± 8 vs. 100 ± 7 μg) contents of the pancreas were similar in the two groups. The weight of the stomach was reduced (p0.04) in the treated group (50.8 ± 2.5 mg) compared to the placebo group (59.8 ± 3.7 mg). In both neonates and adults, CCK-8 was ∼1,000 times more potent than gastrin-17 in stimulating amylase release from isolated pancreatic acini. This suggests that enzyme release is probably mediated by the same receptors in both adults and neonates, and in adults previous work has shown this to be the CCK-A receptor. In conclusion, these data show that gastrin has very weak effects on neonatal pancreatic exocrine secretion, and furthermore, gastrin is not essential for growth and maturation of the neonatal pancreas. The role of gastrin and CCK-B/gastrin receptors in the neonatal pancreas remains speculative.

Abstract: Synergic extraction of Ni/II/ at pH 1 to 10 was studied using a mixture of 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone /HTTA/ and tribenzylamine /TBA/ in chloroform. The synergist TBA enhances the extraction of Ni/II/ by an order of 5 from pH 3 to 5 having ionic strength 0.1M /H+, ClO 4– /. The synergic adduct was found to be Ni/TTA/2.2TBA. The equilibrium constants K2,0 and K2,2 and stability constant beta2,2 have been ascertained radiometrically. The influence of various cations and anions on the extraction of Ni/II/ has been examined under optimal conditions. Back extraction of the adduct species in different acids of varying concentrations has been studied.

Abstract: The extraction of Sm(III), Dy(III) and Tm(III) with N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxalamine (BPHA) in benzene at pH range (1–10) has been studied. Quantitative separation was found in borate media at pH 8. The slope analysis showed that the extracted complex was M(BPHA)3, where M=Sm(III), Dy(III) and Tm(III). The effect of various masking agents indicated that EDTA, oxalate, fluoride, phosphate and citrate, interfered in this study. Decontamination study showed that Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Sc(III) and Fe(III) had very poor separation factors, whereas Sn(II), Cd(II), In(III), Ru(II), Hg(II), Ag(I), Ta(V) and Hf(IV) had very large separation factor. The effect of different diluents showed that carbontetrachloride, chloroform, benzene, toluene, nitrobenzene dichloromethane, MIBK and cyclohexanone were equally good for extraction except TBP due to ion association.

In the original publication, first author WanJun Yin’s affiliation was incorrectly added.