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This study examined the effects of high-impact and low-repetition jump training on the tibia bone and calcium and phosphorus-related factors in rats fed a phosphorus enriched diet. Forty-two male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: normal diet sedentary control group; normal diet jump exercise group; high-phosphorus diet sedentary control group, and high-phosphorus diet jump exercise group. Rats in the two exercise groups underwent jump exercise for 2 wks. Data are presented as means ± SD. Two-way (diet x exercise) ANOVA and three-way ANOVA (diet x exercise x time points) were used. There was a significant positive exercise main effect on bone mineral content and bone mineral density of the tibia without any significant dietary main effect and interaction. Serum osteocalcin showed a significant exercise main effect and significant interaction. Serum inorganic phosphorus and fibroblast growth factor 23 were markedly increased by the high-phosphorus diet and suppressed by exercise. Serum total calcium was decreased by exercise. The results indicate that high-impact exercise has the potential not only to create local bone, but also to change calcium and phosphorus metabolism even under a high phosphorus diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]