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The localization of underwater sensors is the most crucial task in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). The sensors, which are situated under the water, sense data from the environment, and sensed data is transmitted to the monitoring station. Although the monitoring station receives the sensed data, the data is meaningless without knowing the exact position of the sensor. Localization is the major issue in UWSN to be resolved. There are several localization algorithms available for terrestrial wireless sensor networks (WSN), but there are comparatively few localization algorithms available for UWSNs. An improved range-based localization method is introduced in this paper to discover localization issue. To evaluate the location of the target sensors, localization error is further to be reduced. The localization error is reduced by applying the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) in this technique. Simulation results demonstrate that performance metrics of the proposed approach outperform the existing work in terms of localization error and localization coverage.