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Integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) in advanced manufacturing, known as Industry 4.0, has revolutionized traditional manufacturing processes by introducing a network of interconnected devices, sensors, and systems. This paper examines the various uses of IoT in advanced manufacturing, emphasizing its role in raising productivity, sustainability, and efficiency throughout the industrial spectrum. Predictive maintenance, where real-time data from machinery sensors permits the anticipation of equipment breakdowns, supports proactive maintenance plans, and limits costly downtime, is a critical use of IoT in manufacturing. An in-depth discussion of the ability of IoT-driven automation to optimize production processes is provided in this study. Adaptive and responsive manufacturing systems that can lower waste, increase energy efficiency, and dynamically adjust to variations in demand are made possible. Optimization of the supply chain is yet another crucial area where IoT technology provides revolutionary advantages. Manufacturers can obtain real-time visibility into the movement and status of completed goods and raw materials by deploying IoT-enabled devices. This can result in shorter lead times, enhanced inventory management, and overall supply chain efficiency. The study examines IoT's function in quality control and monitoring, highlighting how IoT-enabled sensors and cameras support waste reduction, real-time quality evaluation, and defect reduction. The paper also introduces the notion of collaborating robots, or Cobots, and digital twins, demonstrating how the Internet of Things (IoT) builds digital twins of physical assets and processes for real-time monitoring and analysis. Furthermore, the IoT-enabled collaborative nature of Cobots allows for smooth communication between human workers and robotic systems. This study concludes by offering a thorough review of the various uses of IoT in advanced manufacturing and highlighting how it is changing conventional manufacturing paradigms into flexible, effective, and sustainable ecosystems. The offered insights emphasize how crucial it is to adopt IoT technology to maintain resilience and competitiveness in the quickly changing field of advanced manufacturing.

Hordeum vulgareL., is a multi-nutrient food grain crop belonging to the family Poaceae with enormous nutrition and economic value. This grass have the potential to be grown under several abiotic stress conditions, like fluoride stress. The present study was carried out to investigate Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) expression analysis on two selected cultivars of Hordeum vulgareand to identify the better cultivar that can withstand or tolerate fluoride stress condition. The two selected cultivar seeds of H. vulgare, viz., RD2786 and RD2794 were sown in soil having the pH 5 and grown in clay pots for 1 month. The soil was supplemented with a range of fluoride concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 ppm). Furthermore, parameters like chlorophyll content, total tannin and antioxidant activities were analyzed using FT-IR. The result revealed that the total tannin, chlorophyll and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) scavenging activity were higher in the cultivar RD2786 as compared to RD2794 due to formation of free radicals. Therefore, based on this study it can be recommended that cultivar RD2786 of H. vulgareshould be cultivated by the farmers in the fluoride affected regions due to the osmoprotectant ability it possess to withstand fluoride stress condition.

Wheat is the most extensively cultivated food crop worldwide contributing approximately 27% in grain production. Improvement of the nutrient content of wheat varieties along with high productivity is important for global food and nutritional security. Scientists, breeders and food industries adopt numerous strategies to combat the problem of malnutrition. In this context, bio-fortification has become a successful method to enhance nutritional value of wheat. HD3298 is a bio-fortified wheat variety with high yield (55–60 quintals) and high nutrient (Fe, Protein) content. Nitrogen (N) and iron (Fe) are two important mineral nutrients required for plant growth and development. Information on crosstalk between different nutrients and their effects in the changing nutrient environment are very scarce. In the present study, we tried to understand the impact of single nutrient deficiency (–Fe, –N) and their combined (–N–Fe) starvation in bread wheat. Both single and dual deficiency of N and Fe resulted in significant yield loss. Apart from the impact on global nutritional security, deficit of Fe, N and the combined deficit of Fe impacts crop growth and yield potential by the suggested decrease in photosynthetic pigment content, leaf area and rate of photosynthesis. The impact of dual deficiency of N and Fe was more prominent than individual deficiencies. In the field condition, plants often face multiple stresses and deficiency of many nutrients at the same time. Understanding the nutrient interactions in controlled environment will enhance the understanding and also create avenues to manage the stress effectively.

Pearl millet could be considered a drought-tolerant crop, but the mechanisms modulating this tolerance are not extensively documented. Deciphering the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in pearl millet with regards to the root system will underpin precision in breeding. This study was conducted to unravel the mechanism of pearl millet adaptability to drought stress. A pot experiment was laid out in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement in completely randomized design. The pearl millet variety IP14599 was exposed to three drought/control regimes: control and 25 and 50% relative water content (RWC). Rhizosheath, root system architecture (RSA) traits, gas exchange parameters, antioxidant enzymes, total soluble sugars, and gene expression profiling were evaluated at both seedling and vegetative growth stages after drought treatment. The results showed that at both growth stages, IP14599 plants had higher shoot/root dry weight, seminal roots, rhizosheath weight, and root hair length at 50% stress than those exposed to the 25% stress regime. Drought stress induced an increase in antioxidant enzymes, while the variety was better adapted at 50% drought stress and maintained higher photosynthetic efficiency compared to the control without drought stress. Four drought responsive genes (GBSS11a, FPS, ELIP, and RubSc) were identified and shown to play vital roles in the hardiness of pearl millet. The ability of the plant to adapt to drought stress conditions could be attributed to its superior rhizosheath and RSA during its growth stages. Therefore, the protocol used in this study could be reliable for evaluation of other cereal crops for their RSA characteristics and to validate the functions of drought-responsive genes in P. glaucumseedlings when subjected to drought stress.

AbstractNuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a dimeric transcription factor, is a major regulator and an important determinant of the biological characteristics of tumour cells. Some antioxidants or protease inhibitors have been found to act against NF-κB to suppress colorectal cancer (CRC). In the current investigation, a computational study was performed to investigate the molecular interaction between NF-κB and resveratrol. Molecular docking studies revealed that, resveratrol with NF-κB are predicted to be quite effective. The application of molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) tactics has considerably supported in increasing the prediction precision of the outcomes. Further, this study revealed that NF-κB could be a potential target for various anti-cancerous drugs for cancer therapeutics. Furthermore, animal investigations are necessary to confirm the efficacy and evaluate potency of target and drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Background: Breast cancer (BC) accounts for one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world.Inflammatory molecules modulate tumor microenvironment in BC that promotes tumor growth and metastasis.NF-κB (a transcription factor) that regulates multiple immune functions and acts as a crucial mediator of inflammatoryresponses.Objective: The present study is aimed to quantitatively summarize the relation of NFKB1-94 ATTG (I, insertion/D,deletion) variant and risk of BC.Methods: Further, the meta-analysis includes three independent case-control investigations that focus on NFKB1-94,ATTG I/D polymorphism, and BC patients. Web of Science, PubMed and Embase databases were used to retrieverelevant data. OR and 95% confidence interval of pooled studies were analyzed by using the MetaGenyo web tool.Results: This study revealed a high heterogeneity. In all three genetic comparison models, the NFKB1-94 ATTG I/Dvariant is not related to the risk of BC. Further, no publication bias on the connection between NFKB1-94 ATTG I/Dvariant and risk of BC was observed.Conclusion: To summarize, our meta-analysis demonstrates that the NFKB1-94 ATTG I/D polymorphism is not amajor risk factor for BC.

Genetic diversity studies of plants depend upon the quality and quantity of isolated DNA sample. For many lower groups of plants, apart from usual steps involved for DNA isolation, several additional steps are invariably required specific to the particular plant group. In bryophytes, nucleic acid isolation has always been a difficult task. The Bryophytes possess a substantial quantity of polyphenols and polysaccharides that are known to interfere with DNA isolation and Polymerase chain reaction amplification. In order to overcome these problems, an improved protocol is developed for DNA isolation by optimizing important components of the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) extraction protocol by varying concentrations of CTAB (2–4%), polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVP) (0–4%) and β-mercaptoethanol (0–1.5%). It was observed that CTAB (3%), PVP (2%), and β-mercaptoethanol (1%) is optimum with a DNA yield of 900–1582 µg/0.5 gm leaf sample. DNA concentration (25 ng/µl), MgCl2(1.5 mM), primer (1 µm), annealing temperature (48–52 °C) and a number of cycle set at 35 is optimum for the reproducible and high-intensity Simple sequence repeats amplification. The efficacy of this protocol has been validated in 6 moss taxa and 2 liverwort taxa.

Millets are usually considered more drought tolerant than other cereals. Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum(L.) R. Br.] could be an alternative to maize (Zea maysL.) for drought hit regions of the world. In this current study, the sensitivity of these two plants was evaluated under a simulated condition of drought stress. Genotypes IP35451 (pearl millet) and LRN1303 (maize) were compared for their tolerance to drought stress. The growth parameters viz., root/shoot ratio and relative water content were reduced drastically in LRN1303 than in IP35451. Photosystem II was also measured and the study revealed a decrease in electron transport rate and photosynthetically active photo flux density in LRN1303 as compared to IP35451 which had an efficient photosynthesis capacity during drought. Malondialdehyde content and concentration of antioxidant enzymes (Ascorbate peroxidase, Catalase, Glutathione reductase and Superoxide dismutase) revealed that the genotype IP35451 (pearl millet) is better adapted to drought as compared to LRN1303 (maize). Moreover, the gene expression study of three identified genes at transcript levels proved their occurrence as indicators for drought tolerance. GBSS11ain leaf and root displayed steady up-regulation under drought stress in IP35451 (pearl millet), and an initial increase with a subsequent down-regulation in LRN1303 (maize). Expression of antioxidant genes revealed that APX1and CAT1in leaves and roots were more remarkably sensitive to drought in IP35451 (pearl millet), however, not for LRN1303 (maize) where they might support better detoxifying action against reactive oxygen species effect under drought condition. The results showed different capacities of LRN1303 (maize) and IP35451 (pearl millet) to activate expression of drought related mRNA. The outcome of the study will be helpful to provide new avenues in future research related to attaining drought tolerant landraces and their genomics.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal malignancy and a serious challenge for public well-being globally. HCC risk is elevated by abnormalities in the DNA repair genes as the DNA repair mechanism is vital in protecting normal cells against malignant tumor developments that are induced by multiple environmental factors. Various investigations have revealed the relation amid HCC and X-ray cross-complementing group 1 gene (XRCC1), a primary DNA repair gene polymorphism. The present meta-analysis was executed with an objective to examine the association amid HCC and XRCC1 polymorphisms of Arg194Trp, Arg280His, and Arg399Gln. The current meta-analysis comprised of 30 case-controlled investigations. The outcomes of this meta-analysis revealed that XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln polymorphisms are strongly associated with HCC susceptibility. Subgroup investigation based on ethnic backgrounds showed statistically significant relation between HCC risk and XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism in both Asian and Caucasian populations. XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism is related to HCC susceptibility in Asian and African populations but not in Caucasian populations. Although, XRCC1 Arg280His polymorphism is disassociated with HCC risk in overall populations, ethnicity-based analysis revealed significant relation with HCC in Asian as well as Caucasian populations. Furthermore, there was an absence of publication bias in the current meta-analysis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the foremost causes of fatality and morbidity globally. Chronic hepatitis, alcohol intake, and several other etiologies are allied with the advancement of HCC, which interfere with MDM2- p53 pathway to induce carcinogenesis. The association of MDM2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and HCC has been reported in the past, however the results are inconsistent.

This paper reports novel cathode flow-field designs for passive typed air-cooled polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to help alleviate electrolyte dehydration and performance degradation issues under excess dry air supply conditions. The proposed flow-field designs include 7 three-dimensional (3D) patterned designs in addition to a parallel channel configuration equipped with rectangular baffles to control the airflow for more efficient heat removal. The designs were evaluated numerically using 3D, two-phase PEMFC simulations. Compared to a typical parallel flow channel configuration, the proposed flow-field designs show better heat removal and water retention capability. The improvement in single cell voltage was around 13–75 mV at an operating current density of 0.5 A cm−2, whereas the larger pressure drops around ∆P= 6.9–317.6 Pa cm−1were required because of the more complex flow-field configurations compared to the simple straight parallel channel geometry (∆P= 7.4 Pa cm−1). This work presents a comprehensive understanding of air-cooled PEMFC operating characteristics under excessive dry air supply conditions and a new design strategy for cathode flow-fields.

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model has been developed between cytotoxic activity and structural properties by considering a data set of 119 podophyllotoxin analogs based on 2D and 3D structural descriptors. A systematic stepwise searching approach of zero tests, a missing value test, a simple correlation test, a multicollinearity test, and a genetic algorithm method of variable selection was used to generate the model. A statistically significant model (rtrain2= 0.906; qcv2= 0.893) was obtained with the molecular descriptors. The robustness of the QSAR model was characterized by the values of the internal leave-one-out cross-validated regression coefficient (qcv2) for the training set and rtest2for the test set. The overall root mean square error (RMSE) between the experimental and predicted pIC50value was 0.265 and rtest2= 0.824, revealing good predictability of the QSAR model. For an external data set of 16 podophyllotoxin analogs, the QSAR model was able to predict the tubulin polymerization inhibition and mechanistically cytotoxic activity with an RMSE value of 0.295 in comparison to experimental values. The QSAR model developed in this study shall aid further design of novel potent podophyllotoxin derivatives.