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• Conventional strabismus surgery causes loss of corneal diffusion due to anterior ciliary artery incision. • It is a matter of curiosity to what extent this loss affects the maintenance of corneal transparency. • Corneal transparency can be measured quantitatively by the corneal densitometry method. • This is the first study to investigate the corneal transparency by means of corneal densitometry after strabismus surgery. • In this study, corneal transparency was not adversely affected in most of the corneal layers after horizontal muscle surgery. Investigation of the effects of conventional strabismus surgeries on corneal densitometry (CD). Patients who had strabismus surgery between May 2022 and July 2022 were included in the study. CD software with a Pentacam device was used to determine corneal backward light scattering. CD data were analysed preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively. Patients were classified as those who had single muscle and two-muscle surgery. The study included 33 eyes of 28 patients. The mean age of the patients was 20.51 ± 8.22 (5–35) years. Of the eyes, 19 underwent single muscle recession surgery. Two-muscle surgeries (recession and resection combination) were performed in 14 eyes. In the 1st month postoperative, the mean CD value decreased statistically significantly only in the total cornea apical 0–2 mm zone among the layers examined (p = 0.039). There was no significant change in the other layers (p > 0.05 for all). Single-muscle and two-muscle surgery groups were similar in the amount of CD reduction, except for one layer. CD did not change in most of the corneal layers examined in the first month postoperatively. Single muscle and two-muscle horizontal rectus surgeries did not impair corneal clarity in the postoperative 1st month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]