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The results obtained so far by kinetic analysis of non-isothermal experiments indicate that the kinetic parameters found by the conventional methods, in general, do not describe the experimental curve in an optimum manner. This is due to the fact that the initial differential equation is transformed into the logarithmic and, consequently, linear form and that the initial and final weights of the conversion curve cannot be determined exactly, which may falsify the slope of the curve.

Coffein ist auch bei sehr hoher Dosierung (400 mg) nicht in der Lage, die Pharmakokinetik des Äthylalkohols beim Menschen zu verändern. Auch die zentralen Ausfallserscheinungen nach Alkohol sind durch Coffein nicht zu kompensieren. Die Tasse Kaffee nach Alkoholgenuß kann somit eine alkoholbedingte Einschränkung der Verkehrstüchtigkeit nicht wiederherstellen, sondern im Gegenteil durch Erzeugung eines falschen Sicherheitsgefühles unter Umständen sogar schaden. Darüber hinaus kann die Flüssigkeitsaufnahme, die mit dem Kaffeegenuß verbunden ist, die Alkoholresorption beschleunigen und hierdurch Zu einer vorübergehenden Anhebung der Blutalkoholspiegel führen. Caffeine given in a dose of 400 mg one hour before 1 g/kg ethanol did not influence the course of blood alcohol levels in male volunteers. Furthermore, caffeine did not improve psychomotoric skills impaired by ethanol. Two cups of coffee ingested 30 min. after ethanol (0.5 g/kg) caused a statistically significant increase of blood ethanol levels one hour afterwards (from 0.49 to 0.61‰). This may be due to an accelerated absorption of ethanol caused by the ingestion of warm fluid.

In bone forming cartilage in vivo, cells undergo terminal differentiation, whereas most of the cells in normal articular cartilage do not. Chondrocyte hypertrophy can be induced also in vitro by diffusible signals. We have identified growth factors or hormones acting individually on 17-d chick embryo sternal chondrocytes cultured in agarose gels under strictly serum-free conditions. Insulin-like growth factor I or insulin triggered the first steps of chondrocyte maturation, i.e., cell proliferation and increased matrix deposition while the chondrocytic phenotype was maintained. However, cells did not progress to the hypertrophic stage. Proliferation and stimulated collagen production was preceded by a lag period, indicating that synthesis of other components was required before cells became responsive to insulin-like growth factor I or insulin. Very small amounts of FBS exerted effects similar to those of insulin-like growth factor I or insulin. However, FBS could act directly and elicited hypertrophy when constituting greater than 1% of the culture media. Basic FGF has been claimed to be the most potent chondrocyte mitogen, but had negligible effects under serum-free conditions. The same is true for PDGF, a major serum-mitogen. Under the direction of thyroxine, cells did not proliferate but became typical hypertrophic chondrocytes, extensively synthesizing collagen X and alkaline phosphatase.

To cater to the special situation of much reduced oral bio-availability which occurs in severe migraine attacks with pronounced nausea and vomiting, sumatriptan can also be used in a subcutaneous form that can be self-administered. The aim of this study was to analyze the practicability and acceptance of a method of self-administration ("Glaxo-Pen") for treatment of severe migraine attacks by subcutaneous injection of sumatriptan. The Glaxo-Pen was compared with the conventional autoinjector for subcutaneous administration of sumatriptan. The multicenter study was conducted under practical conditions by 150 office-based physician in Germany. Patients who commonly suffered from severe migraine attacks were given a careful explanation of how to use the device ("Glaxo-Pen") for self-administration of subcutaneous sumatriptan and were able to practice using it under guidance.They were given a Glaxo-Pen with two sumatriptan refills to take with them for treating their own migraine attacks. The patients used a headache diary to document administration outside the practice session. A total of 376 patients were included in the study.
The major findings were that 80% of the patients rated the Glaxo-Pen "very easy" or "easy" to use, and only 6.4% rated it "difficult" or "very difficult." Compared with the conventional autoinjector, the Glaxo-Pen was rated "much better" or "better" by 77.9% of patients. Only 8.5% considered the Glaxo-Pen "worse" or "much worse" than the conventional autoinjector. The figures show that the great majority of patients found it easy to use sumatriptan for treating severe migraine attacks by self-administration under practical conditions. Thus, especially for patients who suffer from severe nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea during migraine attacks, this method of delivery is an easily used means of arresting migraine attacks.