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The determination of whether a phase is a liquid or a vapor is somewhat arbitrary, particularly when the fluid is in the single-phase region. However, the calculation of multiphase flow in oil industry simulators is dependent upon the labeling of the phases. Key properties in flow modeling, such as relative permeabilities and capillary pressures, are dependent upon which phases are present. Correct labeling of the fluid phases is therefore critical to the success of simulations. Many methods have been proposed for identifying phases. These are reviewed here. Five methods have been selected for detailed comparison, including a new method, based on the thermal expansion coefficient. The results of the comparison and the relative advantages of the methods are discussed.

The decade of the 1840s was arguably the most important period in the long history of astronomy at Birr Castle in Ireland; it included the building of the famous 6-ft reflector and some of its most influential achievements. It was also a challenging time for Lord Rosse on several fronts and the future of the great telescope as a productive research instrument was far from secure. That a steady programme of work was achieved owed no small debt to T. R. Robinson and his nephew W. H. Rambaut, who became an observing assistant to Lord Rosse and used all the current instruments. Rambaut’s observing notebooks are a valuable and revealing record of the observatory work during the critical transition from the completion of the 6-ft telescope to its routine use. The early work on observing nebulae was often done in collaboration, with more than one observer present, and was animated by the pursuit of resolution and the detection of spiral structures. As the programme of observing settled into a more methodical recording of the forms of the nebulae, Rambaut’s work seemed less relevant to the active astronomers at Birr and his notes might even be modified as they were edited for publication.

This paper describes the construction and operation of an Electrical Machines Laboratory. The reasons for choosing mobile machines and modular instrumentation for a laboratory are enumerated. The functional and safety features of the electrical distribution system for the laboratory are explained and a description of the laboratory activities is given.

Pressure washers are like super-chargers for garden hose. Instead of ramming compressed air into an engine, however, pressure washers boost cleaning power by forcing water through a pin-sized nozzle. The test machines included the Generac 2800CP, the Homelite MudBuster, the McCulloch Mac F1000, the Power Flo Barracuda and the Stihl RE 102K. Higher pressure loosens tough grime, while volume helps move leaves and other large pieces of debris. High volume also allows the water stream to reach farther and higher, but the tradeoff is usually lower pressure and less cleaning force.

This article provides information related to various models of garden tractors. Power to slice through sod and turn over acres of ardscrabble separates garden tractors from lawn and yard tractors.Unfortunately, garden tractors also have a brutish reputation: Many weigh nearly half a ton, steer like fire trucks and cost more than some cars. The compact new models from Cub Cadet, John Deere, Simplicity, Toro and Troy-Bilt could change that reputation. Several of them can be fitted with huge mowing decks and still weigh in at well under 700 lbs. Even the top-priced Simplicity costs $5,600 complete with a 50-in. mulching deck, while the Cub Cadet and Toro listfor less than some lawn tractors. INSET: A WIDE CUTTER FOR TIGHT SPOTS.

Details the battle for Kwajalein Island between the United States (U.S.) Armed Forces and the Japanese Imperial Army from January 30 to February 5, 1944. Military strategy adopted by the U.S. Army; Number of casualties from both sides; Implications of the fall of the island.

The poem "What did you do in the war dad," by Jim Bennett is presented. First Line: What did you do in the war dad; Last Line: what did you do in the war.

Presents the poem "On Christmas Day," by Jim Bennet.

Focuses on the training program for US Navy airmen at the Naval Air Station in Pensacola, Florida. Description of the training regimen; Equipment installed to measure the airmen's fitness for manning aircraft; Participants' comments.

Presents the success story of Jim Bennett. Airplane accident making Bennett suffer a collapsed left lung, fractured facial bones and a fractured right elbow; Wife's decision to divorce him two weeks after the accident; Use of workouts to develop self-esteem and generate new life; Publishing of two weight-training aids; Marriage to second wife.

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "Boeing's role in China underscored by Hu's visit," in the April 19, 2006 issue, "Aide to late Mayor Washington to be first mayoral candidate," in the April 21, 2006 issue, and "Federated plans major overhaul of Field's," in the April 27, 2006 issue.

The article discusses the results of "Gateway People" study published by the Institute for Public Policy Research regarding the proliferation of city-center residences in Great Britain as of January 13, 2006. The author asserted that factors that motivate people to transfer to a certain location should be understood. Majority of people perceived the housing developments as substandard. It was claimed that the results should send alert to housebuilders.