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The article aims to analyse livestock production factors and search for reserves to increase efficiency in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The main tasks of Ukraine in the framework of achieving the SDGs and the role of livestock in this process are identified. The world experience of sustainable livestock development has proved its contribution to overcoming world hunger. The main trends in livestock production development in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine are identified. The influence of livestock intensification on the economic and social efficiency of livestock production is determined. Ways to increase the efficiency of livestock production through innovation are substantiated. The system of factors of production efficiency is expanded, taking into account its social aspects; in particular, it is shown that the development of livestock has a significant impact on the internal social efficiency of enterprises, affecting labour demand and wages. The strengthening of specialization and concentration in livestock in Ukraine is following the same global trends. The influence of livestock intensification on the formation of the ratio "costs - production results" is proved, which made it possible to identify the possibility of increasing profitability while rising production costs per head of livestock. Increasing the production intensity can lead to increased technological, economic, and social efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]