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ABSTRACTStemming is a technique used to transform words to their root forms. It is used in various Natural Language Processing applications to improve performance and accuracy. In this paper, the development and evaluation of the first stemmer for Kreol Morisien (KM), the native language of Mauritius, is described. This proposed stemmer is expected to unlock countless opportunities for more efficient applications in KM. The hybrid approach, which combines both rule-based and table-lookup techniques, is presented. The results of the three-fold evaluation, consisting of direct evaluation, gold standard assessment and indirect evaluation are also presented.

The abuse of older adults is a societal, and legal issue. A person living with dementia is at high risk for abuse due to their physical and cognitive decline.Objectives This review examined the evidence for interventions to prevent the abuse of people living with dementia in the community.Methods The articles were retrieved from 2000 to 2023 from six databases, including MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL Plus via EBSCO, EMBASE, ProQuest Medical Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. The research articles that focused on finding the effectiveness of interventions for preventing abuse of people living with dementia in community settings were included in this review. The review included randomized controlled trials and pre-test post-test trials only. The quality appraisal of the eligible studies was done using ROB 2 and ROBINS II. The findings were tabulated and narratively synthesised.Results Out of 1831 articles, only three were included in this review. Only two RCTs were included in this efficacy review. Both the studies showed that the interventions were not effective in reducing abuse. The studies utilised family caregiver interventions like psychological interventions and online supportive education. The review identified psychological interventions with some evidence. Another study was a quasi-experimental study that used dialectical behaviour therapy as an intervention to reduce abuse occurrence. The study showed low evidence and focused only on reporting of elder abuse as an outcome.Conclusion This review found very few studies and was not able to draw a conclusion on the effectiveness of interventions for abuse in people living with dementia. Given the paucity of research, there is a clear need to identify how to overcome the challenges faced in elder abuse research and further refine the development of approaches to reduce elder abuse among people living with dementia in community settings.

This study investigates the microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) in repair mortar, focusing on the impact of calcium precursor dosage and bacterial strain selection. C6H10CaO6·xH2O and (CH3COO)2Ca·xH2O were used as calcium precursors at dosages of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.4 M with Bacillus subtilis VEB4, Priestia megaterium TSB16, and Halobacillus halophilus MCC2188microbes. Quantitative assessment of precipitate and optimization of precursor dosages were conducted before making mortar cube specimens of size 70.6 × 70.6 × 70.6 mm with bacterial spores and nutrients immobilized in Modified Expanded Perlite. Cracked cube specimens underwent automated wet-dry cycles of 12 h daily for 60 days to induce healing. Comparative analysis of biomortar specimens showed P. megateriumas the most effective in compressive strength recovery (up to 89.33%) and crack healing with a maximum healed crack width of 0.64 mm, followed by B. subtiliswith significant CSR improvements. H. halophilus, less efficient in non-saline conditions, healed cracks up to 0.48 mm. Calcium lactate was considered the better calcium source choice for B. subtilisand P. megateriumstrains, whereas calcium acetate improved MICP by H. halophilus. Microstructural analysis of healed precipitates collected from cracked cubes identified distinct morphology of MICP and the presence of polymorphs viz, calcite, aragonite, and vaterite. Tailored selection and dosage of calcium precursors for each strain significantly enhanced MICP and improved the quality of healing products in cracks, advancing the understanding of self-healing construction biomaterials.

The findings of this investigation give a novel approach to the forecasting of heart disease. For the purpose of determining significant features, it is a 2-tier procedure that uses a combination of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (lasso) regression known as ALAN. In addition to this, it uses the Ensemble Technique with Adaptive Boosted Decision Fusion (ET-ABDF) in order to enhance its accuracy. An improvement in the detection of critical properties for predictive modelling is achieved through the use of the ALAN technique. With an accuracy of 88.0%, precision of 89.81%, recall of 89.80%, and an F1 Score of 89.00%, the ET-ABDF model shows outstanding results in the identification of cardiac disease. The outstanding result of 96.21% for the area under the curve (AUC) shows its strong ability to differentiate across several groups. It has been established through the comparative analysis that the model that has been provided displays better results in comparison to other algorithms. It is possible that in the future, undertaking more research on new techniques for choosing characteristics and expanding studies to encompass a larger spectrum of cardiovascular problems will have the potential to increase the accuracy and practicability of heart disease prediction models in real-world healthcare settings.

The Cassia auriculatastrengthened trimetallic (Ag/Pd/Ni) and monometallic (Ag, Pd, and Ni) nanoparticles and were prepared using the green method. Techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SE-M), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), transmission electron microscopy (TE-M), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BE-T), and Fourier transform infrared (FTI-R) were used to carry-out an exhaustive analysis and characterization of the material. The X-RD analysis of synthesized nanoparticles reveals that their crystal planes are similar. FTI-R spectroscopy employing a variety of vibrational bands confirmed the existence of trimetallic. According to UV–Vis spectroscopy, the bandgap of the Ag/Pd/Ni nanocomposite was 3.4 eV, making it a useful photocatalyst. From the SE-M examination, polydisperse Ag/Pd/Ni NPs have the shape of spherical. Ag/Pd/Ni NPs have a BE-T surface area of 10.611 m2/g, which is very high for a nanoscale material. TE-M studies reveal that the (111) and (200) faces of Ag/Pd/Ni spheres are the most prominent. In brief, using 10 mg of the developed photocatalyst and exposing it to UV light for 25 min, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency achieved 98% with 10 mg/L of safranin O dye (5 mL). The degradation rate constant (kMB) for SO dye was 0.00859 min− 1, and it has been postulated and addressed that UV light irradiation may increase photocatalytic activity. Reusability after 5 cycles, the rate of deterioration braked to 94.1%. In addition, a potential mechanism for photocatalytic degradation by the as-prepared photocatalyst was presented. In light of the findings, this innovative nanomaterial is used to expand and engage in extensive exploitation to clean up the environment.

Solid organ transplant recipients with immunosuppressant regimens to prevent rejection are less able to mount effective immune responses to pathogenic infection. Here, we apply a recently reported mass spectrometry-based serological approach known as Ig-MS to characterize immune responses against infection with SARS-CoV-2 in cohorts of transplant recipients and immunocompetent controls, both at a single early time point following COVID-19 diagnosis as well as over the course of one-month postdiagnosis. We found that the antibody repertoires generated by transplant recipients against SARS-CoV-2 do not differ significantly compared to immunocompetent individuals with regard to repertoire titer, clonality, or glycan composition. Importantly, our study is the first to characterize the evolution of antibody glycan profiles in transplant recipients with COVID-19 disease, presenting evidence that the evolution of glycan composition in these immunocompromised individuals is similar to that in immunocompetent people.

The main aim of this treatise is to establish the conception of sequence of multiset and countability on multiset topological spaces. Unlike any topological space, there are two subspaces in this context which are also countable M-topological space. Also, we obtained the relationship of the variants of countable M-topological spaces in the light of sequences in this environment.

AbstractUrinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Gram-negative bacteria E. coliis responsible for 80–90% of uncomplicated cases in women. The increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance has made the management of UTIs more challenging. Plant-derived compounds have long been used to treat various diseases, and constitute an alternative to antibiotic resistance. Curcumin (CUR), a naturally occurring polyphenolic phytoconstituent obtained from Curcuma longais endowed with diverse medicinal properties. The present study aims to form a complex of CUR with Sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBEβCD) to overcome the poor solubility and bioavailability of CUR and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of CUR-SBEβCD. Phase solubility studies and spectral characterization showed the entrapment of CUR in the SBEβCD cavity. In silico docking studies performed to investigate the complexation process of CUR with SBEβCD, revealed that the methoxy group and OH group of CUR interacted with SBEβCD. The cytotoxicity and HET-CAM assays confirmed that CUR-SBEβCD was non-irritant. The prepared complex investigated with the disc diffusion method showed antimicrobial activity with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 13 mm against Escherichia coli (E. coli)and 11.5 mm against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)whereas CUR alone did not show any ZOI. It can be concluded that prepared CUR-SBEβCD demonstrated superior antimicrobial activity and therefore can be a promising alternative for the treatment of UTIs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

In the present article, we present how M-connectedness differs from similar concepts in general topology, and the notion of closed subspace mixed M-topology in mixed M-topological space by extending the concept of closed subspace M-topology. We also define the notions of M-connectedness and M-compactness on mixed M-topological spaces. We investigate different properties of M-connectedness and M-compactness via two subspace mixed M-topologies.

The food industry routinely uses synthetic antioxidants, which have garnered a great deal of attention due to the toxicity of these substances. tert-Butylhydroquinone (THQ) is a phenolic derivative commonly found in foods, including milk, meat products, fried baked goods, and cooking oil. It is capable of causing nutritional issues and chronic diseases if ingested in excess. Food safety requires precise and fast THQ detection since excessive THQ in food harms human health. In this study, nickel tungstate nanoparticles (NiWO4) were synthesized hydrothermally and further utilized as an electrode material for electrochemical THQ detection. The prepared NiWO4nanoparticle’s physicochemical properties and surface morphologies were wisely analyzed using analytical methods. The Nyquist plot of NiWO4exhibits a smaller Rctvalue of 132.15 Ω·cm2with a higher electrochemical active surface area of 0.097 cm2compared to a bare screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). Under ideal conditions, the NiWO4/SPCE exhibits reduction peak potential at Epc= −0.19 V with good linearity from 0.01–20.90 and 20.90–557.1 μM of THQ concentration and a limit of detection of 0.002 μM (S/N = 3) and anti-interfering capabilities. The practicality of NiWO4/SPCE for THQ measurement in food samples was successfully tested, and the recovery ranges (±96.8–99.8%) demonstrated NiWO4/SPCE as promising electrode materials for accurate sample analysis.

The role of fuzzy 𝛿-open set is highly significant in the study of fuzzy topology initiated by Ganguly and Saha [S. Ganguly and S. Saha, A note on 𝛿-continuity and 𝛿-connected sets in fuzzy set theory, Simon Stevin62(1988), 2, 127–141]. This article begins with the introduction of 𝛿-ℐ-open covers in a mixed fuzzy ideal topological space. After that, we introduce 𝛿-ℐ-compactness and then some properties of its are discussed therein. It is shown that the aforesaid compactness is the weaker form of fuzzy compactness. Moreover, we show that if we retopologize the fuzzy topology then in the new environment fuzzy 𝛿-ℐ-compactness and fuzzy compactness are equivalent. In addition, we introduce two different notions of continuity and investigate the behavior between fuzzy 𝛿-ℐ-compactness and fuzzy compactness.

The ubiquity of graphitic materials in electrochemistry makes it highly desirable to probe their interfacial behavior under electrochemical control. Probing the dynamics of molecules at the electrode/electrolyte interface is possible through spectroelectrochemical approaches involving surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS). Usually, this technique can only be done on plasmonic metals such as gold or carbon nanoribbons, but a more convenient substrate for carbon electrochemical studies is needed. Here, we expanded the scope of SEIRAS by introducing a robust hybrid graphene-on-gold substrate, where we monitored electrografting processes occurring at the graphene/electrolyte interface. These electrodes consist of graphene deposited onto a roughened gold-sputtered internal reflection element (IRE) for attenuated total reflectance (ATR) SEIRAS. The capabilities of the graphene-gold IRE were demonstrated by successfully monitoring the electrografting of 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine N-oxyl (4-amino-TEMPO) and 4-nitrobenzene diazonium (4-NBD) in real time. These grafts were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and ATR-SEIRAS, clearly showing the 1520 and 1350 cm–1NO2stretches for 4-NBD and the 1240 cm–1C–C, C–C–H, and N–Ȯ stretch for 4-amino-TEMPO. Successful grafts on graphene did not show the SEIRAS effect, while grafting on gold was not stable for TEMPO and had poorer resolution than on graphene-gold for 4-NBD, highlighting the uniqueness of our approach. The graphene-gold IRE is proficient at resolving the spectral responses of redox transformations, unambiguously demonstrating the real-time detection of surface processes on a graphitic electrode. This work provides ample future directions for real-time spectroelectrochemical investigations of carbon electrodes used for sensing, energy storage, electrocatalysis, and environmental applications.

Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers (PMUTs) and a high sensitivity PMUT-based gas flowmeter were designed, fabricated and characterised. In this work a single side measurement geometry is introduced for a simple PMUT assembly and enabling high sensitivity for the low flowrate measurement. While PMUT-based gas flow sensors of previous work serve higher flowrate ranges, the advantage of our system is that its novel sensor and measurement geometry is designed specifically for low flow rates to ensure high sensitivity in the low-flow domain. The characterised flowmeter measurement range is ±50 sccm with a non-linearity error of 0.015%. A typical flow error within the measurement range of ±50 sccm is ±0.7% from the flow reading and ±0.2% from the full-scale (±50 sccm) flowrate. [2023-0162]

In this article, we use a completely new technique to formulate the definitions of (τ1,τ2)∗-pre-open mset, (τ1,τ2)∗-semi-open mset, (τ1,τ2)∗-α-open mset and (τ1,τ2)∗-β-open mset via two multiset topologies. We prove that every τ2-open mset is (τ1,τ2)∗-pre-open mset, (τ1,τ2)∗-semi-open mset, (τ1,τ2)∗-α-open mset and (τ1,τ2)∗-β-open mset. Furthermore, we introduce the notions of several weaker forms of multiset continuity between two multiset topological spaces. Finally, a decomposition of these weaker types of multiset continuity has been established.

A new tetraphenylpyrazine-based tetraimidazole ligand (L) was synthesized and used for subcomponent self-assembly with cis-(tmeda)Pd(NO3)2and cis-Pt(PEt3)2(OTf)2, leading to the formation of two tetrafacial barrels [Pd8L4(tmeda)8](NO3)16(1) and [Pt8L4(PEt3)16](OTf)16(2), respectively. Although ligand Lis aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active, barrel 2showed a magnificently higher AIE activity than ligand L, while 1failed to retain the AIE properties of the ligand. Pd(II) barrel 1, undergoing an aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) phenomenon, nullified the AIE activity of the ligand to be used in the photophysical application. The enhanced emission in the aggregated state of Pt(II) barrel 2was used for the recognition of picric acid (PA), which is explosive in nature and one of the groundwater contaminants in landmine areas. The recognition of picric acid was found to be selective in comparison with that of other nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), which could be attributed to ground-state complex formation and resonance energy transfer between picric acid and barrel 2. The use of new AIE-active assembly 2for selective detection of PA with a low detection limit is noteworthy.

The digitization of health records and growing availability of tumour DNA sequencing provide an opportunity to study the determinants of cancer outcomes with unprecedented richness. Patient data are often stored in unstructured text and siloed datasets. Here we combine natural language processing annotations1,2with structured medication, patient-reported demographic, tumour registry and tumour genomic data from 24,950 patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center to generate a clinicogenomic, harmonized oncologic real-world dataset (MSK-CHORD). MSK-CHORD includes data for non-small-cell lung (n= 7,809), breast (n= 5,368), colorectal (n= 5,543), prostate (n= 3,211) and pancreatic (n= 3,109) cancers and enables discovery of clinicogenomic relationships not apparent in smaller datasets. Leveraging MSK-CHORD to train machine learning models to predict overall survival, we find that models including features derived from natural language processing, such as sites of disease, outperform those based on genomic data or stage alone as tested by cross-validation and an external, multi-institution dataset. By annotating 705,241 radiology reports, MSK-CHORD also uncovers predictors of metastasis to specific organ sites, including a relationship between SETD2mutation and lower metastatic potential in immunotherapy-treated lung adenocarcinoma corroborated in independent datasets. We demonstrate the feasibility of automated annotation from unstructured notes and its utility in predicting patient outcomes. The resulting data are provided as a public resource for real-world oncologic research.

Purpose: To develop a drug delivery system (DDS) that is responsive to pH, redox conditions, and near-infrared (NIR) irradiation for the treatment of lung cancer. Methods: The DDS was constructed by encapsulating cabazitaxel (CTX) into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), which were then coated with polydopamine (PDA). Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were added to enhance the photothermal conversion efficiency. The system was further modified with hydrogels made from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and l-Cysteine (IC) co-encapsulating curcumin (Cur) through an amidation reaction. The final product, CTX/GO@PDA@MSNs/Cur/CLC, was tested for cytotoxicity against human lung H1299 cancer cells. Apoptosis in treated cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: The developed DDS demonstrated effective inhibition of H1299 lung cancer cell growth. Cytotoxicity assays and flow cytometry confirmed apoptosis progression in cells treated with the DDS. Conclusion: The tri-responsive DDS shows promise as an effective delivery system for cabazitaxel and curcumin in the treatment of lung cancer, inhibiting cancer cell growth through mechanisms responsive to pH, redox, and NIR irradiation.

In this paper, we introduce a new graph called prime order element graph Γ(G)defined on a finite group G. Its set of vertices is the group Gand two distinct vertices x,y∈Gare adjacent if order of xyis prime. We study the connectivity, degree, girth, domination number, bipartiteness etc. of the proposed graph. In many cases, we find useful information about the group Gfrom its associated graph Γ(G). Finally, we conclude with some open issues and direction of further studies.

Herein, we report the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) decorated on exfoliated MoS2nanosheets by a simple chemical method. This synthesis method has been achieved by reducing silver nitrate with hydrazine hydrate and ammonium hydroxide over hydrothermally synthesized exfoliated MoS2nanosheets. Its structural and optical properties were characterized using electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction. From the structural, result shows a uniform and homogenous distribution of AgNPs on MoS2nanosheets. Raman spectroscopy that was used for vibrational mode of these samples was characterized using Raman spectroscopy. Optical characterizations of silver nanoparticles decorated on exfoliated MoS2nanosheet were done using UV-VIS spectrophotometry and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. From the PL, result shows that these samples exhibits enhanced luminescence. Using MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay method, the cytotoxicity measurement of these samples was done. Due to its biocompatible and fluorescence nature, it is very promising material for biological applications like bio imaging, drug delivery, etc.

There has been a lot of research and industrial effort on building XQuery engines with different kinds of XML storage and index models. However, most of these efforts focus on building either an efficient XQuery engine with one kind of XML storage, index, view model in mind or a general XQuery engine without any consideration of the underlying XML storage, index and view model. We need an underlying framework to build an XQuery engine that can work with and provide optimization for different XML storage, index and view models. Besides XQuery, RDBMSs also support SQL/XML, a standard language that integrates XML and relational processing. There are industrial efforts for building hybrid XQuery and SQL/XML engines that support both languages so that users can manage and query both relational and XML data on one platform. However, we need a theoretical framework to optimize both SQL/XML and XQuery languages in one RDBMS. In this paper, we show our industrial work of building a combined XQuery and SQL/XML engine that is able to work and provide optimization for different kinds of XML storage and index models in Oracle XMLDB. This work is based on XML extended relational algebraas the underlying tuple-based logical algebra and incorporates tree and automata based physical algebra into the logical tuple-based algebra so as to provide optimization for different physical XML formulations. This results in logical and physical rewritetechniques to optimize XQuery and SQL/XML over a variety of physical XML storage, index and view models, including schema aware object relational XML storage with relational indexes, binary XML storage with schema agnostic path-value-order key XMLIndex, SQL/XML view over relational data and relational view over XML. Furthermore, we show the approach of leveraging cost based XML physical rewritestrategy to evaluate different physical rewrite plans.

Chironji (Buchanania lanzanSpreng.) is a nut consumed in raw and roasted form in India and other parts of the world. It also contains high levels of oil and other nutrients similar to those found in commonly consumed nuts. However, no published data is available on the comprehensive nutritional profile, phytochemicals, and anti-nutrient factors of chironji. The present study is the first report to evaluate the effect of roasting (pan, microwave, hot air oven) of chironji kernels on the comprehensive nutritional profile, bioactive compounds, and anti-nutrients. The protein, fat, and total dietary fiber content of unprocessed (raw) and roasted chironji kernels ranged between 30.05 to 33.74, 55.94 to 60.60, and 3.38 to 3.54 g/100 g, respectively. Free sugars were significantly decreased by microwave roasting (MR) followed by Pan roasting (PR) and hot air oven roasting (HOR). Among the vitamins, B2, B3, B5and B6were decreased by 6.9–24.1%; 6.1–19.2%; 23.4–56.3%; and 15.3–23.7% upon MR, HOR and POR, respectively. The α, β and γ-tocopherols (TP) were also variably decreased depending on the roasting method. Roasting lowered the total carotenoids and β-carotene by 52.2% and 22.7%, respectively. Raw chironji kernels exhibited Fe, Ca, Cu and Zn of 7.17, 34.08, and 1.7 6.16 mg/100 g, respectively, that remained unaffected upon roasting. Total saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were found to be 39, 55.2 and 5.8%, respectively, in raw chironji kernels; however, roasting did not change the fatty acid profile significantly. Catechin (6.74 mg/100 g) and rutin (3.61 mg/100 g) were observed to be the highest in raw chironji kernel and roasting significantly increased most of the individual polyphenols. Total phenolics and total flavonoids content were observed of 1150 mg GAE/100 g and 113.12 mg CE/100 g, respectively, in raw chironji kernels. The PR increased the DPPH- and ABTS- activities significantly. Overall, microwave roasting retained high levels of nutrients, but pan roasting improved the antioxidant potential of chironji kernels.

Achieving targeted product performance requires the integrated exploration of design spaces across multiple levels of decision-making in systems comprising products, materials, and manufacturing processes—product-material-manufacturing process (PMMP) systems. This demands the capability to co-design PMMP systems, that is, share ranged sets of design solutions among distributed product, material, and manufacturing process designers. PMMP systems are subject to uncertainties in processing, microstructure, and models employed. Facilitating co-design requires support for simultaneously exploring high-dimensional design spaces across multiple levels under uncertainty. In this paper, we present the Co-Design Exploration of Multilevel PMMP systems under Uncertainty (CoDE-MU) framework to facilitate the simultaneous exploration of high-dimensional design spaces across multiple levels under uncertainty. The CoDE-MU framework is a machine learning-enhanced, robust co-design exploration framework that integrates robust, coupled compromise Decision Support Problem (rc-cDSP) construct with interpretable Self-Organizing Maps (iSOM). The framework supports multidisciplinary designers to (i) understand the multilevel interactions, (ii) identify the process mechanisms that affect material and product responses, and (iii) provide decision support for problems involving many goals with different behaviors across multiple levels and uncertainty. We use an industry-inspired hot rod rolling (HRR) steel manufacturing process chain problem to showcase the CoDE-MU framework’s efficacy in facilitating the simultaneous exploration of the product, material, and manufacturing process design spaces across multiple levels under uncertainty. The framework is generic and facilitates the co-design of multilevel PMMP systems characterized by hierarchical product-material-manufacturing process relations and many goals with different behaviors that must be realized simultaneously at individual levels.

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) has a significant impact on value co-creation (VCC). However, a study providing a comprehensive summary of the current state of the art and common ground of the two fields is missing. The current study aims to fill this gap by conceptualizing the role of AI in VCC and customer decision-making. Design/methodology/approach: The study reviews literature on VCC and AI together, including a total of 108 articles. To bring the literature together, the authors adopted the antecedents-mediators-outcomes framework and narrative approach that helped them develop a framework by integrating the antecedents, mediators and outcomes of AI-facilitated VCC. Furthermore, the authors also operationalized existing literature to facilitate an understanding of the role of AI in customer decision-making. Findings: The study, in addition to identifying the common theoretical grounds of VCC and AI (human behavior, cognition and social interactions), operationalizes AI functionality, its characteristics and customer characteristics as the antecedents of AI-facilitated VCC. Moreover, based on literature, on the continuum of low-to-high involvement, four types of decision-making were identified as mediator of the relationship between AI characteristics, customer characteristics and VCC. Additionally, the authors found different categorizations of AI in literature as archetypes to support various forms of VCC. Originality/value: The study contributes to the literature of VCC and AI by construing a comprehensive framework for analyzing AI's impact on VCC, envisioning customer–AI interaction as continual exchange of advantages in which characteristics of AI and customers play a critical role in customer decision-making and shaping VCC.

In the present article, we present the notions of fuzzy multiset interior and closure operator and study their basic characterizations and properties. Furthermore, using the fuzzy multiset closure operator we introduce the notion of fuzzy multiset closure space and present its related properties. Finally, the notion of connectedness in the context of fuzzy multiset topology is discussed and some properties are investigated.

Patient navigation is a rapidly developing healthcare profession in low and middle-income countries. Patient navigators assist patients in understanding transitional care, manage follow-up visits, advocate through coordination of care, and empower them with necessary health-related information. With an increasing number of high-risk neonate deliveries each year, it is not feasible for a neonatologist to have regular and continuous interaction with the mothers and family members to explain the infant care process in the neonatal intensive care unit and transitional, home care after discharge. Hence, neonatal nurses are primary caregivers to interact with parents and family members to maintain continuous rapport and communication throughout the neonatal admission, even after discharge till termination of care. Nurse navigators support the mother and neonates to reduce stress by implementing holistic nursing approaches and family-centered care to empower parents to access healthcare benefits and improve overall child health outcomes. The present paper introduces a nurse navigator concept in high-risk neonatal care by adapting a behavioral-ecological framework for examining healthcare navigation and access, along with a systems model of input, throughput, and output. The review highlights the importance, benefits, and challenges of implementing a nurse navigation program and explains the implications for reducing healthcare disparities in high-risk neonatal care.

Abstract: When rawhide fleshing (140–230 kg/ton) wastes from beam houses are disposed of, it substantially negatively influences the environment. Hence, we focus on isolating and characterizing a commercially valuable component, collagen, from tannery wastes and demonstrating its in vitrocytotoxicity and proliferative activity for its biomedical applications. After an alkaline pre-treatment, the extraction process involved treating the fleshing with acid and enzyme. The extracted collagen was further subjected to structural and thermal characterization. The in vitrocytotoxicity and proliferation assay was studied using a 3T3-L1 fibroblast cell line. The percentage yield of pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) was higher than that of acid-soluble collagen (ASC), 22.16 ± 1.25% and 12.93 ± 1.04%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum confirmed the presence of amides A, B, I, II, and III with the functional group of N-H, CH2, C=O, C-N, and N-H. The electrophoresis pattern and amino acids analysis showed that the collagen was in its native form. The isolated collagen possessed the native structural integrity which was confirmed by the result of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies. The thermal denaturation temperature was at 38 °C for PSC. The morphological study revealed that both ASC and PSC exhibited fibrous structure. In vitrobiocompatibility tests revealed that the isolated collagen did not cause significant cytotoxicity, and there was no detectable cell death or growth inhibition. From the above findings substantiate the application of hide waste-derived collagen as a safe and cost-effective substitute in various pharmaceutical and biomedical domains. Graphical Abstract: