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Copyright of Wood Industry / Drvna Industrija is the property of Drvna Industrija and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik is the property of Faculty of Mining, Geology & Petroleum Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was conducted to determine yield, physical and chemical composition of leaf protein concentrates (LPC) and bagasse obtained from Cassava leaves using three different methods. The process of extraction was done using heat coagulation, alum precipitation and acid coagulation methods, then the leaf protein concentrates and bagasse obtained were analysed for their chemical compositions. The yield of LPC obtained via alum precipitation was statistically (p<0.05) higher than that obtained from heat coagulation method and acid coagulation method. The bagasse yield was (19.47%). The chemical analysis reveals that ether extract from alum precipitated LPC was higher than that of heat coagulation method and acid coagulation method, the crude protein from alum precipitation method was also higher than that from heat coagulation method and acid coagulation. The CP and EE of the bagasse were low (30.92% and 6.32%), respectively. The Ash of the heat coagulation method was lower than that from alum precipitation method but higher than that from the acid coagulation. The CF of the LPC obtained from heat coagulation method was higher than that of the LPC obtained from alum precipitation method but lower than that of the LPC obtained from acid coagulation. The CF of bagasse was high; while the Ash of the bagasse was low. The minerals, potassium, phosphorus and calcium were higher in LPC heat coagulation method than that obtained in LPC from the other two methods (p<0.05). Cassava leaf protein concentrates obtained using alum precipitation would be preferred as a result of its high crude protein content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • co-HTC of SB and DSS was used to waste management and lead adsorption. • Cold-alkali activation improved adsorption capacity. • Optimum co-HTC conditions were found using the RSM method. • Appropriate waste management and suitable adsorbent were earned. Integrated biomass waste management and fresh water supply are crucial environmental problems that researchers are laboring to clarify today. The co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) of sugarcane bagasse (SB) and digested sewage sludge (DSS), with KOH activation, for SB and DSS waste management, was accomplished. In this research, the effect of process parameters and biomass ratio during co-HTC on modified hydrochar adsorption capacities was critically evaluated. To optimize operating parameters (temperature, time, catalyst/precursor ratio, water/precursor ratio, and SB/DSS ratio, response surface methodology was used. The optimum condition was 180 °C, 9.6 h, 3/1 DSS/SB ratio (w w), 5.00 water/precursor ratio (w w), and 3.50 ZnCl 2 /precursor ratio (w w). The optimum hydochar was featured using BET, SEM, FTIR, TGA, and elemental analysis and used to study the adsorptive ability of lead. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic model matched reasonably with the Langmuir (127.61 mg g) and pseudo-second-order models (130.68 mg g). Moreover, the kinetic adsorption studies showed that 85 percent of adsorption capacity was achieved in the first 15 min. Our study strongly confirmed that co-HTC of DSS and SB, can be used as a green and environmental safety approach for sludge management and clean water supplement followed by lead removal with acceptable reusability of adsorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functionalized bagasse biochar (KBC) was prepared for ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solutions. Firstly, KBC was prepared by combined impregnation and carbonization method using bagasse. Furthermore, KBC was characterized by BrunauerEmmett-Teller surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For the adsorption of ciprofloxacin, the effects of different solution pH level, adsorbent dosage, initial ciprofloxacin concentration and temperature on the adsorption performance were studied respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that the Freundlich isotherm models appropriately described the adsorption process. The kinetic data were better fitted by the pseudo-second order kinetic model, which indicated that the adsorption was mainly chemical process and multilayer adsorption. The maximum ciprofloxacin adsorption capacity by KBC reached 136.66 mg·g-1. Hydrogen bonding and II-II interaction played dominant role in the adsorption process. Therefore, KBC can be used as an effective adsorbent for ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Agriculture waste such as sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is composed mostly of cellulose, a very versatile natural biopolymer with well-established applications in many industries. The purpose of this study was to use combination treatment methods which include alkaline treatment and mild acid hydrolysis assisted with ultrasonication to extract cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from sugarcane bagasse. Initially, the SCB fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide and aqueous hydrogen peroxide, a bleaching agent, before being subjected to mild acid hydrolysis, followed by ultrasonication at 70 % amplitude to defibrillate and disperse the fibers. The study focused on acid hydrolysis using mild sulfuric acid to the alkaline-treated cellulose fibers extracted from SCB. The FESEM images of isolated CNFs exhibited a diameter in the range of 20–30 nm and a length of up to several micrometers. This observation suggests that the combined treatment methods are highly effective in isolating CNFs from plant biomass. Moreover, XRD analysis reveals the presence of peaks at 2θ of 15.2° and 22°, indicating cellulose type I with a crystallinity of 42 %. Meanwhile, the FTIR spectra prove that individual CNF was successfully isolated due to the removal of non-cellulosic constituents. This result verifies that amorphous portions such as lignin and hemicellulose were completely removed. CNFs with long entangled network fibrils were successfully extracted from SCB through the combination of alkaline treatment and mild acid hydrolysis assisted with ultrasonication. The CNFs are expected to have high strength and aspect ratio that can be used as reinforced material in manufacturing nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse fibres was isolated via chemo-mechanical method subjected to preparation of its PLA-based bionanocomposites using an Injection moulding process with varying weight percentages of nanocellulose. The mechanical properties (i.e. tensile, flexural, fracture toughness, and impact), thermal property (TGA analysis) and dynamic mechanical properties (i.e. storage modulus, loss modulus, and damping) of the prepared bionanocomposites were studied. In addition, water absorption behaviour in terms of maximum water uptake and sorption, diffusion and permeability coefficients of the bionanocomposites were also investigated. Anoticeable improvement in thermal stability, water resistance, and mechanical performance was seen in bionanocomposites with 2 wt. % of nanocellulose. There were 41.44%, 26.21%, 89.79%, and 16.38% improvements in tensile strength, flexural strength, fracture toughness and impact strength, respectively, for 2 wt. % of nanocellulose reinforcement composite over neat PLA matrix. ANOVA analysis was also performed and found that contents of nanocellulose have asignificant impact on the mechanical properties of the bionanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to effectively prevent and control coal spontaneous combustion and improve the safety of coal mining, bagasse carboxymethy cellulose (BCC) prepared from bagasse (BS) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were used as the substrates. A gel (BCC-CMC) for inhibiting coal spontaneous combustion was prepared using a chemical crosslinking method involving zirconium citrate crosslinking and glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) modification. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were utilized to characterize both the crystal and molecular structure of bagasse and its derived bagasse carboxymethyl cellulose. The results indicated that new carboxymethyl groups were introduced into bagasse during the treatment, facilitating the successful extraction and preparation of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The results of viscosity and bonding tests demonstrated that the concentration and dosage of CMC had the most significant influence on the gel viscosity, which remained higher and more stable at room temperature. The coal bonded by the gel coal mixture can effectively seal surface cracks, with a bonding degree of up to 70.72 %. TG-DTG, temperature-programmed oxidation experiment and FTIR analyses revealed that, compared to raw coal, coal samples treated with gel exhibited improved stability, fewer active groups, and fewer oxygen-containing functional groups, effectively inhibiting coal's low temperature oxidation and reducing the risk of spontaneous combustion. The gel is environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and exhibits good flame retardant properties. This study is of great significance for preventing and controlling coal spontaneous combustion, effectively ensuring the safe production of coal resources and the safety of mine workers, achieving the green sustainable development of the mine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing awareness of the importance of bacterial-resistant surfaces has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic global problem. Therefore, the need for antibacterial surfaces has become urgent. The by-product bagasse papers (BPs) were modified with antimicrobial natural rosin, followed by the synthesised graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles (GO-Ag-NPs) through a spin coating approach. The modified samples exhibited a remarkable antibacterial activity towards E. coli (G−ve bacteria) and S. aureus (G+ve bacteria). The microstructure, as well as phase composition of the prepared composites, was identified using various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and hydrophilicity which was metered by water contact angle (WCA). The obtained results demonstrated that the halos of inhibition were noticed for decorated TBP samples by GO-Ag-NPs with various diameters ranging from 20 to 25 mm. Consequently, packaging applications could be extra developed with these renewable nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humic and fulvic acids are valuable compounds that are produced from sugarcane bagasse using Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) and Submerged Fermentation (SmF). Initially, fourteen treatments were examined to determine the most prominent one with a proper C/N ratio. BFFU (Bagasse + Filter cake + Fungi booster + Urea) is regarded as the most effective mixture. The results obtained from SSF using BFFU treatment included 3.96 and 2.36% dry matters for Humic Acid (HA) and Fulvic Acid (FA), respectively. Optimal treatment and fermentation systems were implemented using two different SmF bioreactor volumes (60 and 1000 liter) to determine the optimal condition for higher yield. In contrast with the SSF, production yield in the SmF system resulted in a higher yield within a shorter processing time (36 days in SmF instead of 70 days in SSF). These obtained values were almost three times more than the SSF results in the range of 12.84 to 7.91% DM over a period of 36 days. However, the production rate was slightly higher when using a 1000-liter Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR) (14.25 and 8.39% DM over 35 days) than that in regular conditions. The results from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) pointed to some structural similarities between the SB-derived HA and FA in the present study and those of their commercial counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• New flame-resistant coatings with high mechanical properties for bagasse paper were synthesized using,3-di-aryl-2,2,2,4,4,4-hexachlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane, starch, CaCO 3 , NaHCO 3. • The thermal properties of all specimens were measured. • The ignition properties as the flame chamber (UL/94), and limiting oxygen index (LOI) was measured according to standards. This work aimed to enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of bagasse paper by synthesizing new coatings to prevent bagasse paper from the ignition. Paper sheets were treated with 0.5 percent cychlodiphosph(V)azane/ CaCO 3 solution (1.5 percent), 1.5 percent NaHCO 3 solution, and CNCs mixed with 5.0percent of starch. Paper sheets were treated by immersing bagasse paper in a coating mixture. The paper sheets were then allowed to air dry at ambient temperature. It is important to measure the burning rate (BR) to give people a chance to decrease the loss. These enhancements were investigated using elongation and tensile strength, air permeability test, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and combustion tests (UL/94 and LOI). So, the bagasse paper treatments can be used as packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizophyllum commune is a mushroom-forming fungus well-known for its ability to degrade lignocellulosic materials and production of schizophyllan, a high added-value product for cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical, and biomaterial industries. Conventionally, schizophyllan is produced by submerged fermentation using glucose as a carbon source. In this work, we demonstrate that alkaline pretreated bagasse can be used by Schizophyllum commune as an alternative carbon source for the production of schizophyllan. The influence of different factors was investigated including cultivation time, biomass loading, and culturing media component and a co-product correlation model was proposed. In this lab-scale study, a yield of 4.4 g/L of schizophyllan containing 89% glucose was achieved. In addition to schizophyllan, the cellulolytic enzymes co-produced during this process were isolated and characterized and could find applications in a range of industrial processes. This demonstrates the potential of using agricultural waste as a cheaper alternative feedstock for this biorefinery process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the biocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) by the newly isolated Bacillus nitratireducens , from sugar cane bagasse. This reaction remains unexplored within the existing scientific literature concerning this microbial strain. Initially, to comprehensively characterize the strain and classify it taxonomically, genotypic and phenotypic analysis were conducted, including whole genome sequencing and ANI analysis. Subsequently, the study proceeded to evaluate for the first time with B. nitratireducens the efficiency of 5-HMF oxidation under aerobic conditions. The process resulted in the formation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA) as the principal product, a valuable molecule that demonstrates promising potential as a precursor for polyesters. Additionally, the compound exhibits medical applications, including its role as an anti-tumor agent and interleukin inhibitor. Employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the conditions conducive to optimizing HMFCA production were assessed. These conditions, including a 3 mM 5-HMF concentration, a pH level of 5.6, and a temperature of 30 °C maintained over a period of 24 h, were found to yield optimal results. Model validation further underscored the effectiveness of these conditions, demonstrating a 91% HMFCA yield, which slightly exceeded the predicted 88%. In conclusion, the study highlights the potential of the biomass-derived Bacillus strain in achieving a high conversion rate through the selective oxidation of the aldehyde group present in the 5-HMF molecule. This whole-cell catalytic process eliminates the need for noble metal catalysts, commonly employed in similar chemical reactions, thereby underscoring its potential for enhancing environmental sustainability and reducing reliance on costly and potentially harmful catalysts. [Display omitted] • Isolation of a new HMF-resistant strain from sugarcane bagasse. • Identification of the strain as Bacillus nitratireducens (16S, WGS and ANI analysis). • The isolated Bacillus strain showed capability to selectively oxidize 5-HMF. • A Box Behnken optimisation design led to an 88% to HMFCA conversion yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuing rush for potential biomedical applications has sparked the fabrication of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) particularly from agricultural waste. GQDs are unique among carbon-based nanomaterials due to their flexibility, chemical stability, size control, and non-toxic nature. In this study, we have developed Graphene Quantum dots from sugarcane bagasse (GQDs-SB) and sugarcane bagasse pith (GQDs-SBP) by carbonization followed by microwave pyrolysis. The optical properties of the synthesized GQDs-SB and GQDs-SBP were characterized by Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL) analysis and the surface functional groups were determined by FT- IR analysis. The High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) was used to examine dimensions and structure of GQDs-SB and GQDs-SBP. The storage stability of GQDs-SB and GQDs-SBP was monitored using Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy. The synthesized GQDs-SB and GQDs-SBP were evaluated for biological applications like anti-oxidant activity, anti inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effect was also assessed. GQDs-SB and GQDs-SBP demonstrated significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects due to their great ability to scavenge free radicals and extraordinary water solubility. The synthesized GQDs-SB and GQDs-SBP were less toxic in nature. • Synthesizing GQDs from bagasse (GQDs-SB) and pith (GQDs-SBP) offers a transformation from waste to value added products. • Characterization of the synthesized GQDs-SB and GQDs-SBP by different microscopic techniques. • To examine the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effect of GQDs-SB and GQDs-SBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable bioplastics accumulated in microbial cells which have immense potential to replace the existing non-biodegradable plastics. This study focuses on optimizing Bacillus cereus growth conditions to enhance PHA formation, utilizing the sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as the primary feedstock. The SCB was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, resulting in 8.33 mg/g of total sugar production. Subsequently, Bacillus cereus was cultivated and the treated SCB was employed for PHA synthesis. An essential precursor to this synthesis involves an in-depth investigation into the characterization of the PHA produced using Bacillus cereus. A total of 20 experimental runs of different parameter conditions for Bacillus cereus culture to produce PHA were optimized by using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). At an inoculum size of 8% (v/v), temperature of 25 °C, and incubation time of 48 h, the highest PHA was produced with 86.4 g/L or 62.1% (w/w). The optimal growth rate of Bacillus cereus was obtained at 7.71% (v/v), 35.1 °C for 48.3 h. The greatest PHA content and yield were found to be 57.9% (w/w) of PHA accumulation and 90.39 g/L, respectively. The synthesized PHA is characterized by using FTIR, XRD, FESEM-EDX, and soil burial test. From the analysis done, the properties of the produced sample were confirmed as the PHA. The soil burial test observed that the polymer was a PHA with a biodegradability rate of 41.73% in a week. The study successfully optimized the Bacillus cereus culture conditions for PHA production by using sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate at 8% (v/v) as the feedstock. [Display omitted] •Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), biodegradable bioplastics production from Bacillus cereus using sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate as the feedstock. • Bacillus cereus growth conditions optimization for polyhydroxyalkanoates production using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) software. • PHA films produced are characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffractometer and soil burial test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serratia rubidaea SNAU02 (S. rubidaea SNAU02), a promising microbial strain, has been explored for its capability to produce biosurfactants using cashew apple bagasse as a sustainable carbon source. This study investigates the biotechnological potential of S. rubidaea SNAU02 in the context of environmental sustainability. Cashew apple bagasse, an agro-industrial waste, serves as an inexpensive and renewable substrate for biosurfactant production, contributing to waste valorization and reducing environmental impact. The biosurfactant produced by S. rubidaea SNAU02 demonstrates multifaceted applications, including enhanced oil recovery, bioremediation, and detergent formulation. The isolation and characterization of the biosurfactant reveal its stability under a range of environmental conditions, suggesting its potential for diverse industrial applications. The study also assesses the biocompatibility and ecotoxicity of the biosurfactant, emphasizing its eco-friendly nature. Furthermore, production process optimization and scale-up strategies are explored to enhance the economic viability of biosurfactant production. The findings of this research underscore the significance of integrating microbial biotechnology with waste utilization, offering a sustainable solution for environmental challenges. S. rubidaea SNAU02-mediated biosurfactant production from cashew apple bagasse emerges as a promising biotechnological strategy that aligns with the principles of environmental sustainability, contributing to the development of green and eco-friendly technologies. • Biosurfactant production from cashew apple bagasse has unveiled a promising biotechnological strategy. • Serratia rubidaea SNAU02 demonstrates versatile applications, spanning enhanced oil recovery, bioremediation. • This study contributes to the economic viability of biosurfactant production. • This research underscores the importance of coupling microbial biotechnology with the utilization of agro-industrial waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, with sugarcane bagasse (SB) and red mud (RM) as raw materials, magnetic nitrogen (N)-doped biochar (MNSB) was synthesized by a facile one-pot pyrolysis method and then applied as an efficient adsorbent to remove tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) from wastewater. The results of SEM, EDS, VSM, BET, FT-IR, and XPS demonstrated that the synthesized MNSB adsorbent had a large specific surface area, excellent superparamagnetic properties, and rich mesopore pore structures. The batch adsorption experiments revealed that the TC-HCl could be removed 96.3% with the optimal adsorption conditions: MNSB dosage of 0.25 g/L, initial pH of 6.58, TC-HCl initial concentration of 20 mg/L, and adsorption temperature of 30 °C. The analysis of adsorption kinetics and isotherms showed that the adsorption process was mainly controlled by chemisorption, and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of TC-HCl on MNSB was 143.9 mg/g. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the excellent adsorption process of MNSB for TC-HCl was mainly contributed by pore filling, π–π interaction, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic attraction. The recycling and settlement experiments demonstrated that MNSB had good stability and settleability. This study successfully opened new prospects that utilizing RM and SB to prepare a low-cost adsorbent to remove TC-HCl from water. [Display omitted] • New magnetic N-doped biochar (MNSB) is synthesized by simple facile method. • MNSB is derived from sugarcane bagasse and red mud. • Low-cost MNSB is highly effective and easy in adsorption application. • Adsorption mechanisms of tetracycline hydrochloride by MNSB is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atrazine (AZE) is a hazardous herbicide that pollutes drinking water and wastewater at an alarming rate, posturing a somberhazard to the environment and human being. This research is aimed to investigate the valorization of biomass for the synthesis and applicationof novel Sugarcane Bagasse Cellulose (SCBC) - Graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite for remediation of atrazine. The novel nanocomposite is characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Particle size distribution, Raman spectra analysis, X-ray analysis (XRD), Scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The prepared GOSCBC had high surface area of 189 m2/g, pore volume of 0.13 cm3/g, and inter-particle pore width of 17 nm. The impact of operating constraints such as adsorbent dose (50–150 mg), medium pH (4.5–8.5), contact period (3 h), temperature (15–45°C), and atrazine concentration (10–50 mg/L) were varied and optimum conditions were examined with the help of Box-Behnken statistical design (BBD). The optimum conditions identified were: 90.84 mg/L nanocomposite; pH 5.51; time 180 min; temperature 34.64°C and feed concentration 27.77 mg/L. The adsorption statistical analyses were performed and the values were determined using the isotherms and kinetic models; the optimal parameters were evaluated using sum of normalised errors approach. The maximum adsorption capacity of AZE was found to be 143.29 mg/g. The mechanism of sorption is well represented by PSO model. The exothermic nature of removal process was confirmed through thermodynamic parameters. The reusability of the nanocomposite was identified to be efficient for six cycles. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To optimize food and feed production in Nigeria and meet protein demands, viable options need to be explored. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition of Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrate and bagasse. Freshly harvested Pride of Barbados leaves were obtained from three different locations in Benin City and processed for its leaf protein concentrate and bagasse using heat coagulated method. Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrate and bagasse were analysed for proximate and mineral compositions using standard analytical procedures. Proximate analysis revealed that the dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, ash, and nitrogen free extract contents of Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrates were 91.17%, 31.12%, 8.33%, 7.92%, 8.2%, and 35.3%, respectively. Pride of Barbados bagasse had a lower crude protein (9.22%) but higher fibre content (10.72%) compared to those of Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrate. Na, K, Ca, and Mg were the most abundant minerals in Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrate and bagasse. Chromium was very low in the leaf protein concentrate and bagasse. Proximate compositions were significantly (p<0.05) affected by location. Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrate and bagasse can be used as livestock feed ingredient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Concrete is that the most generally used construction material. One of the essential ingredients of concrete is cement. During the manufacture of cement, an outsized amount of CO2 is emitted, which affects the worldwide environment. With the increasing demand and consumption of cement, Scientists and researchers are in search of developing alternate binders that are eco-friendly. This paper presents the results of bagasse ash and bagasse fibre concrete. Cement is replaced with bagasse ash to reduce the concrete cost, and also it causes the concrete property to improve, and environmental pollution will be reduced. In addition to the bagasse ash, bagasse fibre is also added to strengthen the concrete property. Cement replaced with bagasse ash percentage of 5%, 10%, 15%& 20% with the addition of bagasse fibre percentage of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% & 2%, the workability is optimized and the compressive strength at 28 days is increased by 24.63% compared with the control specimens. Using bagasse ash and bagasse fibre does not affect the workability and it improves the concrete strength with the help of reducing the environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, bagasse sugarcane, a waste product of the sugar industry, is mainly burned as fuel in sugar mill boilers. The low cost, low density and acceptable mechanical properties of bagasse fibre make it an ideal candidate to be considered for value-added applications such as reinforcement in plastic composites. In this by varying the composition of bagasse sugarcane with graphene as the filler material five specimens are prepared. The Structural deformation, bending stress and strain of gears with different materials are analyzed through ANSYS software. The heat flow rate on the surface of the gear tooth is analyzed with the help of CFD software under dry and wet run condition. The performance of the gears under various speeds and torques are observed in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to determine the mechanical and durability properties of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) as a partial replacement to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in concrete. The SCBA was partially replaced at the percentage of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight of cement for mean target strength of 27MPa. A slump range of 130-150mm was maintained constant throughout the experiment procedures. A total of 120 cubes and 30rectangular beams were tested and the results were compared with control concrete. To evaluate the behaviour of SCBA on concrete, different tests were conducted on the concrete specimens namely, compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, water penetration, carbonation and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The results demonstrated that at 7, 28, 56, 90 and 120 days of curing, compressive strength increased by 2.6%,2.4%,1.9%,1.8% and 1.7% for 5%,10%,15% and 20% replacement level. The water absorption increased by 255%, 390%, 438% and 488% for 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% replacement level. The other tests showed decreased flexural strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity and increased water penetration and carbonation depth. The study inferred that 10% replacement of OPC by SCBA exhibited positive performances and can be considered a suitable cementitious material in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- Recently, composites have concerned considerable importance as a potential operational material. Lots of work have been carried out to enhance the mechanical properties of composites. The main aim of this paper is to develop bamboo mat as reinforcing material with bagasse fiber as filler using epoxy resin matrix composite. Design/methodology/approach -- In this research, the effect of fiber surface treatments on mechanical properties of epoxy resin composite with bagasse as filler has been developed and investigated. The extracted bamboo fibers were treated with NaOH to improve the surface roughness fiber. Using treated and untreated bamboo fiber handwoven mat has been produced to be used as reinforcement and bagasse fiber has been converted into powder to be filled as filler. Composite material is fabricated using bamboo fiber and bagasse fiber as filler with epoxy resin as a matrix using hand layup technique. Findings -- Then, tensile, flexural and compressive strength and water absorption tests were conducted on sodium hydroxide treated and untreated fiber composites. The test results comparing with and without alkali treated composites show that there was significant change in their strength and water absorption properties on alkali treated fiber. Originality/value -- This study is an original research paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis a new flame resistant coating for bagasse paper using 1,3-di-p-toluidine-2,2,2,4,4,4-hexachlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane, NaHCO 3. • Study the mechanical characteristics. • The thermal properties of the coated and uncoated specimens were measured. • The ignition properties as the flame chamber (UL/94), and limiting oxygen index (LOI) was measured according to standards • Those improvements are due to the synthesis of new flame retardant coatings based on commercially available chemicals. This manuscript aimed to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and ignition properties of bagasse paper when coated with different coatings synthesized from hydroxyethyl cellulose, 1,3-di-p-toluidine-2,2,2,4,4,4-hexachlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane, Talc powder, NaHCO 3 , cellulose nanocrystal. The effect of these coatings on the mechanical properties was studied by measuring elongation, tensile strength, and burst strength. The stages of degradation and ash residue of the measuring specimens were determined using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), behind that, the ignition properties as the flame chamber (UL/94), and limiting oxygen index (LOI) was measured according to standards. These tests proved that 1,3-di-p-toluidine-2,2,2,4,4,4-hexachlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane has a direct effect on improving the mechanical characteristics and enhancing the ignition properties of the coated specimens compared to uncoated. In this study the physical, mechanical, thermal, and ignition properties of the bagasse paper sheets were enhanced by easy and low-cost method via synthesis of new coatings based on commercially available chemicals in a reasonable cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of organic waste is one of the most serious problems facing developing countries. Developing countries getting rid of their wastes by dumping them in the waste landfill and this effect negatively the environment. Moreover, these wastes attract a lot of insects which thread the public health and cause many diseases. This research intended to merge the organic wastes into construction industry and turn it into a useful cheap building material. In an attempt to reduce the initial costs of building materials, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was used as an additive in the structural brick industry. This study aims to develop cheap building bricks from integrating sugarcane bagasse (SCB) with cement brick mixture to achieve environmental, social and economic sustainability factors by reducing the black cloud and hence its effect on human health. Removing sugarcane bagasse (SCB) that produced from juice shops in Egyptian streets, affect the visual image of the street as well as the quality of Egyptians life. Moreover, integrating wastes in construction industry will improve street appearance and improves environmental conditions by reducing local climate pollution (carbon dioxide emissions and black clouds). The research used experimental method to measure the structural properties of the new cement brick that is integrated with SCB. The results revelled that replacing cement with 1.5% sugarcane bagasse content, will preserve the structural performance of the bricks with respect to ductility and higher strength. In addition, the proposed integration will reduce the initial cost of building materials and this action will affect the price of the Egyptian real estate market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wastewater of industries flows which contain heavy metal ions are manufactured from different industries. The heavy metals ions are amongst the mainly dangerous of the elemental pollutants and are of particular concern as their increasing level in the environment represents a serious threat to human health, living resources and ecological systems. Adsorption is one of the most promising techniques for the removal of cobalt and cadmium from water and wastewaters. The sugarcane bagasse pith is developed from locally sugarcane industries to measure the suitability remediates cobalt and cadmium contaminated water. Bagasse pith was pre-treated with 0.1 N NaOH followed by 0.1 N H2SO4 for the present work before its use. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the adsorption of cobalt and cadmium on sugarcane bagasse pith sorbent taking into account the effect of initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH and temperature. The experimental maximum adsorption removal of bagasse pith was found to be 99.8% and 93% for cobalt and cadmium at the higher adsorbent dosage of 10 g/100ml. The removal of cobalt ions decreased with increasing in pH, thus pH of 2, which gives maximum removal of cobalt, was shown as 97.4 %. The maximum removal of cadmium (81.5%) was observed at optimum pH 6 for bagasse pith. The adsorbent material which shows a good adsorption capacity for both the metal ions. The processes of adsorption on bagasse pith were evaluated by using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The values of correlation coefficient of Langmuir and Freundlich models for cobalt and cadmium were found to be 0.999 and 0.9977 respectively. The Langmuir adsorption model exhibited excellent indication of adsorption data than the Freundlich isotherm model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Sourdough is an ancient culture comprising flour and water, and fermented to allow leavening capacity from wild yeasts, producing bread that is preferred by the consumers. Agave bagasse (AB) is an abundant by-product in Mexico, rich in fiber and carbohydrates, but mostly wasted. This work aimed to revalorize AB as an ingredient for wheat sourdough. Different ratios (5%, 10%, and 15%, by weight) of AB powder were mixed with wheat flour, hydrated with 10% (w/v) water, and incorporated with Lactococcus lactis (NRRL B-50307). The fermentation was monitored for 6 days; physicochemical parameters (pH, titratable acidity [TTA], leavening capacity) were analyzed, and sourdough bread was produced. The population of lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and molds, and adaptation of the added strain were monitored. Leavening capacity increased during fermentation, and L. lactis grew about 2 log CFU/day. Analysis of the sourdough showed a pH range of 3.6–4.9, and TTA ranged from 8 mg/mL to 11 mg/mL of lactic acid. Proximate analysis (%, w/w) revealed 28.95 ± 0.4 protein, 12.33 ± 0.98 fat, 37.68 ± 0.65 total carbohydrates, and 1.04 ± 0.32 ash. Sourdough bread added with AB + L. lactis showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) firmness (35.42 N ± 0.034 N) and volume (70.24 mL ± 4.67 mL) than using wheat only (20.48 N ± 4.04 N, and 49.10 mL ± 6.35 mL, respectively). AB is a good source of fiber and other compounds like minerals, suggesting its potential as a food ingredient, and encouraging the agave industry towards more sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research work, a nondestructive technique of image analysis was explored to determine the fibre orientation and void content in Bagasse fibre reinforced composites. Fibre length, alkali treatment and fibre loading were studied as variables. The fibre orientation was irrespective of the fibre length, fibre loading and alkali treatment variables. The void content and size decreased with increases in fibre length and alkali treatment. The alkali treatment resulted in the removal of lignin, making the surface of the fibres rough. It also led to making the fibre count fine i.e. reducing the diameter of the fibres and thus presenting more fibres for interaction with resin. Both these phenomena resulted in a slower flow of resin. The void content of bagasse fibre composites decreased with higher fibre loading because a higher number of fibres slows the resin flow. However, the size i.e. area of the voids increased with the fibre loading from 20 to 30%, probably due to increased wetting difficulty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis of new coating for bagasse paper. Studying mechanical, ignition properties. • Study the physical and mechanical properties of these bagasse papers compared to untreated. • The enhanced ignition properties was studied. This paper aimed to modify the ignitability of the bagasse paper by using talc powder, 1,3-di-aniline-2,2,2,4,4,4-hexachlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane, and nanocellulose crystal. The formation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was detected using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal analysis as thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of the specimens recorded the improvement of the highest % of ash residue at 750 °C compared to the untreated one. The shape of the flame spread was studied. The ignition properties were studied for the untreated and treated specimens by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and flame chamber (UL/94), which recorded enhancing compared to the untreated specimen. This improvement was recorded either by measuring the mechanical properties (tensile strength, burst strength, elongation, and elasticity) of the specimens. The current article showed that the treated specimen was recorded the highest values compared to the untreated one in all physical, mechanical, and ignition properties, so these treatment paper sheets may be used as fire-retardant packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frequency frame is used to tune fractional order proportional–integral​ controllers for stability, performance and robustness of third order plus time delay plants. Such plants are frequently used in describing thermal processes such as an air heater or a fired boiler. The aim is to tune the controller to meet some frequency domain properties. As robustness is an indispensable issue for thermal processes, main inspiration of the paper comes from flattening the phase curve in the Bode plot to provide improved robustness for the system. In spite of some existing studies, flattening is not realized by equalizing the phase derivative to zero at a given frequency value. Firstly, gain and phase crossover frequency points are enclosed with a rectangular frame. Then, lengths of the edges of this frame are changed to tune phase and gain margins. Curves inside the frame can be flattened by proper tuning of the edges. This will enhance the robustness and also ensure the iso-damping property. Equations to obtain the controller are given with two theorems. Demonstrations are made on two different thermal plants which are a novel electrical air heater and a bagasse fired boiler and the results are given on detailed illustrations. The results proved that preferred gain and phase properties are successfully obtained and improved performance and robustness are provided for related systems. • The "frequency frame" concept is applied on thermal plants with Third Order plus Time Delay transfer functions. • Aim of the study is to flatten the curves inside the frame to ensure system stability and robustness for related models. • A Fractional Order Proportional–Integral controller is designed for mentioned plants. • Proposed controller is tested with two plants under unexpected load disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of cashew apple bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate (CABH) to produce lactic acid by two strains of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum FJ05311 and L. plantarum FJ05315, was evaluated. The application of cashew apple bagasse (CAB) would enhance the establishment of a biorefinery from this agro-industrial residue since its main compounds, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, can be used to obtain several bioproducts. The influence of essential parameters was studied for the production of LA. The CABH contained mainly glucose and xylose at concentrations of approximately 40 g/L and 20 g/L, respectively. The process conducted at 30 °C, 100 rpm, and using the culture in the final of the growth phase (inoculum time of 24 h for LAB07 and 20 h for LAB14) and urea as nitrogen source enhanced the LA production for both strains, LAB07 and LAB14, reaching 24.3 g/L. The produced LA was used to synthesize polylactic acid (PLA) for the enzymatic route using lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB). Then, the production of PLA from cashew apple bagasse hydrolysate is a sustainable alternative to produce a biodegradable polymer with many industrial applications and obtaining personal protective equipment to use in the current and future pandemics. [Display omitted] • New study to expand the use of cashew apple bagasse in the biorefinery concept. • Importance of different parameters for efficient fermentation into lactic acid. • High lactic acid concentration (25 g/L) with yield (0.12 g/g CAB) for both bacteria. • PLA can be produced from lactic acid produced using cashew apple bagasse. • Lipase B from Candida antarctica synthetized PLA, a biodegradable polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to optimize the extraction conditions of the antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds from acerola residue and evaluate the optimized extract's bioactivity. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to evaluate the effect of three independent variables (time, temperature, and ethanol concentration) on the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and extraction yield. The optimized extract was evaluated for phenolic profile, yellow flavonoid, total anthocyanins, total and condensed tannins, and antimicrobial activity. Optimum conditions were achieved at 110 min, 20 °C, and 34% ethanol. The optimized extract showed high content of total phenolic compounds (903.64 mg GAE.100 g−1 d.m) and the phenolic profile revealed the presence of 16 substances, especially gentisic acid (60.46 ± 4.94 mg.100 g−1). The optimized extract showed high antioxidant activity (3510.64 mgTE.100 g−1), and antimicrobial action against Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes strains, making it a promising alternative in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. • Optimizing solid-liquid extraction of polyphenols from acerola bagasse was done. • Total phenolic, antioxidant activity and extraction yield were successfully optimized. • Specific phenolic profile of the optimized extract were measured. • A strong antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity was achieved in the optimized extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biodegradation of phenolic compounds in wastewater can be effectively carried out in packed bed reactors (PBRs) employing immobilized microorganisms. A low-cost, reusable immobilization matrix in PBR can provide economic advantages in large scale removal of high concentration phenol. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency and reusability of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as a low-cost immobilization support for high strength phenol removal in recirculating upflow PBR. An isolated yeast Candida tropicalis PHB5 was immobilized onto the SCB support and packed into the reactor to assess phenol biodegradation at various influent flow rates. Scanning electron microscopy exhibited substantial cell attachment within the pith and onto the fibrous strand surface of the SCB support. The PBR showed 97% removal efficiency at the initial phenol concentration of 2400 mg L−1 and 4 mL min−1 flow rate within 54 h. Biodegradation kinetic studies revealed that the phenol biodegradation rate and biodegradation rate constant were dependent on the influent flow rate. A relatively higher rate of biodegradation (64.20 mg g−1 h−1) was found at a flow rate of 8 mL min−1, indicating rapid phenol removal in the PBR. Up to six successive batches (phenol removal >94%) were successfully applied in the PBR using an initial phenol concentration of 400–2400 mg L−1 at a flow rate of 4 mL min−1 indicating the reusability of the PBR system. The SCB-immobilized C. tropicalis could be employed as a cost-effective packing material for removal of high strength phenolic compounds in real scale PBR. Image 1 • Sugarcane bagasse was used as an immobilization support and packing material for PBR. • The PBR with immobilized C. tropicalis showed 97% phenol removal at 2400 mg L−1. • A maximum phenol biodegradation rate of 64 mg g−1 h−1 was achieved. • Repeated use of the packed bed reactor was possible for up to six batches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Phosphoric acid (PA) and amine (AM) modified bagasse (BS) was prepared. • AM-BS fixed-bed column showed high adsorption selectivity toward Cu2+. • PA-BS fixed-bed column showed high adsorption selectivity toward Pb2+. • Competitive substitution reaction during the sorption process were verified by EDX. • Tandem columns fixed with AM-BS and PA-BS could simultaneously remove Cu2+ and Pb2+. Two tandem column fixed, respectively, with tetraethylenepentamine modified bagasse (AM-BS) and phosphoric acid modified bagasse (PA-BS) were prepared and used to simultaneously recycle Cu2+ and Pb2+ from metallurgical wastewater containing Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. For comparison, removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ by single column fixed either with AM-BS or PA-BS was also carried out in unitary and wastewater system. Results in single column experiments showed that AM-BS column showed high adsorption affinity toward Cu2+ while PA-BS showed high affinity toward Pb2+. AM-BS could selectively remove Cu2+ while PA-BS could selectively remove Pb2+ from aqueous solution. Adsorption mechanism verified by EDX illustrated that Cu2+ and Pb2+ was selectively adsorbed through competitive substitution reaction, where metal ions with higher affinity substituted the others with lower affinity during sorption process. Two tandem column experiments showed that amount of Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ adsorbed on AM-BS was 0.17, 0.003, 0.001, 0.006, 0.013 and 0.009 mmol g−1 and that on PA-BS was 0.04, 0.24, 0.002, 0.018, 0.028 and 0.005 mmol g−1, respectively, demonstrating that Cu2+ and Pb2+ were simultaneously removed from wastewater. Tandem columns fixed with different modified biosorbent had great potential in multi-metal recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The present study was aimed to investigate the plant biostimulant properties of sago bagasse (SB), an abundant by-product of sago industry. Sago bagasse hydrolysate (SBH) was produced by enzymatic hydrolysis and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size analyzer and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Further, plant growth promoting ability of the SBH was confirmed by seed germination and greenhouse experiments. In seed germination experiment, SBH treatment registered improved seed germination traits and also accelerated protein (3.13%) and sugar (9.53%) content as compared to control. Moreover, SBH treatment significantly increase expression of carbon assimilating enzymes like malate dehydrogenase (5.0%), citrate synthase (11.47%) isocitrate dehydrogenase (8.08%). Similarly, nitrogen assimilating enzymes such as nitrate reductase (15.14%) and glutamate synthase (10.98%) were also higher in SBH the treated plants. In addition, qPCR analysis demonstrated the efficiency of SBH by up-regulating carbon and nitrogen assimilating genes responsible for plant growth. Thus, the present finding strongly suggest that SBH with plant growth promoting properties could be utilized for the agricultural productivity as a low-cost ecofriendly biofertilizer. Graphical abstract fx1 Highlights • Extensive SBH was produced through enzymatic hydrolysis. • SBH showed important functional modification in FTIR and particle size analysis. • SBH treated seedlings accelerated seed germination traits and plant growth. • Biochemical and qRT-PCR analysis revealed the potential biostimulant activity of SBH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass is an important source of energy and it has been extensively studied in the production of second generation ethanol. For this purpose, the complex lignocellulosic matrix must be deconstructed by thermal or chemical pretreatment, followed by cellulose depolymerization using cellulolytic enzymes to release simple fermentable sugars. This process still has several techno-economical drawbacks, such as the cost of enzymes. Aiming to reduce the cost of theses enzymes, their production have been studied by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using low-cost agroindustrial residues as carbon source to the microbial growth. In this context, this work aimed at studying the operational conditions (temperature and moisture content) for the production of cellulases from the fungi Penicillium sp., Rhizomucor sp. and Trichoderma koningii INCQS 40331 (CFAM 422), utilizing natural sugarcane bagasse (NSB) and pretreated by acid-alkaline solution (AAB) and hydrogen peroxide (HPB) as substrates. The study was performed by using three-level factorial design (32) with central points. The results showed that the more suitable fungus for cellulases production was the Trichoderma koningii (8.2 IU/g substrate), followed by Penicillum sp (1.7 IU/g substrate). Moreover, the best results were obtained using NSB for all fungi. Statistical analyses showed that the temperature has a greater effect on the production of cellulases by the evaluated fungi. Highlights • Screening of filamentous fungi for cellulases production by solid-state fermentation. • Evaluation of natural and pretreated sugarcane bagasse as carbon source for microbial growth. • Influence of temperature and moisture in the cellulases production. • Predictive model for cellulases production by solid-state fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The use of by-product in effluent treatment is interesting due to its low cost and high availability. In this study the potential of malt bagasse, a by-product of brewing process, was evaluated as biosorbent of reactive blue BF-5G dye. The malt bagasse was characterized by point of zero charge (pH PZC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate: effect of particle size, biosorbent dosage, effect of pH, kinetics, biosorption isotherm and desorption. The pH PZC of the biosorbent was determined at 5.4. The results showed that reactive blue BF-5G biosorption was little influenced by the particle size, and the biosorption optimum conditions were obtained using biosorbent dosage of 14 g L-1 and at pH 3. The pseudo-second order model and the Langmuir isotherm model (q max = 42.58 mg g-1) best represented the kinetic and equilibrium biosorption data, respectively. The kinetic desorption of the dye showed higher efficiency at 50 °C. The results indicated that malt bagasse can be used as an alternative and promising biosorbent to be applied in the treatment of effluents containing the reactive blue BF-5G dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The sugar industry uses raw bagasse to generate electricity and subsequently produces tonnes of bagasse ash annually. This bagasse ash is dumped into a landfill, causing an adverse effect on the ecosystem. Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) has gained widespread acclaim due to its sustainability and ease of use as a Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM). SCM has been successfully used in concrete structures, but they are rarely used for the rehabilitation of concrete structures. This investigation's primary goal is to evaluate the mechanical strength of cement mortar which contains Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Silica Fume (SF), to serve as an inorganic binder for the fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM). Analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) revealed the existence of amorphous and crystalline phases with silicon dioxide, which was identified as making up more than 70% of the sample. The scanning Electron microscopic (SEM) examination divulges the appearance of fibrous and tetrahedral shape in SCBA, which signify the presence of quartz mineral. The cement mortar was prepared by partially substituting cement with SCBA in a ratio ranging from 0% to 30% by weight and silica fume (SF) at a rate of 5% and 10%. Mechanical strength tests results exhibit that after 28 days of curing, the strength of cement mortar containing 10% SCBA and 10% SF was increased by 2.65% and 5.73%, respectively. A regression analysis was performed to derive a mathematical expression for the prediction of mechanical properties of mortar. This expression provides a high correlation to predict the strength with different mix proportion ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio-char (BC) is a cheap, environmentally friendly and easy-to-produce material, which is widely used as pyrolysis catalyst. In this study, the modified catalysts (Fe/BC, Co/BC and Mg/BC) were prepared using BC produced by the co-pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and Chlorella vulgaris. The characterization of the modified catalysts showed that they had a higher surface area (S BET) and pore volume compared with BC. Besides, the influence of modified catalysts on co-pyrolysis wa s analyzed at different additions. Except for 10% Mg/BC, the catalysts effectively increased the average weight loss rate (R v) and decreased the reaction time (t s) of co-pyrolysis at all additions, and 40% Fe/BC addition had the highest R v and lowest t s. The catalyst addition increased the bio-oil yield of the co-pyrolysis, and the maximum bio-oil yield (25.94%) was obtained under 40% Mg/BC addition. Moreover, the catalysts not only facilitated the formation of hydrocarbons, but also suppressed the generation of amines/nitriles and acids/esters. After adding 40% Fe/BC, the hydrocarbons content reached the highest (26.01%), while the amines/nitriles content (3.23%) and acids/esters content (4.66%) reached the lowest. The results provided theoretical support for improving microwave pyrolysis characteristics and bio-oil quality using modified BC catalysts. [Display omitted] • The effects of modified bio-char catalysts on co-pyrolysis were studied. • The modified bio-chars improved the average weight loss rate except for 10% Mg/BC. • 40% Fe/BC addition was best on improving co-pyrolysis characteristics. • The bio-oil yield and hydrocarbons content increased after adding catalysts. • The maximum bio-oil yield occurred at 40% Mg/BC addition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochars from sugarcane bagasse (non-treated or pretreated with NaOH or H 3 PO 4) were obtained at different pyrolysis temperatures (400 or 500 °C) and applied as adsorbents for removal of Mn(II) from aqueous solution. A detailed adsorption study of Mn(II) on the biochars was performed and mechanisms of Mn(II) removal were elucidated. The biochar with better adsorption performance was applied for Mn(II) removal from mining effluents. The pretreatment of biomass with NaOH and the lower pyrolysis temperature (400 °C) increased the number of basic oxygenated groups on the surface of adsorbent, favoring the Mn(II) adsorption. The biochar pretreated with base (up to 98% removal) was nearly twice more efficient for Mn(II) removal than that pretreated with acid. FTIR and XPS results showed that complexation between oxygenated groups and the metal is an important mechanism of adsorption. XRD and XPS results indicated the formation of MnO and cation exchange as other mechanisms for Mn removal. DFT calculations suggested that C O and C-OH groups on the biochar can favor a direct interaction between active carbons on BC surface and Mn(II). The biochar with best adsorption performance reached up to 65.8% of Mn(II) uptake from real mining effluent, showing the feasibility of using BC from sugarcane treated with NaOH to remove Mn from complex effluents. Practicality of employing the material was evaluated by reusability assays and cost estimations. Our findings point advance in the field of biochar application for Mn removal and reveal the importance of application of these materials in real conditions. • Biochars (BC) of sugarcane bagasse remove Mn(II) from mining effluents. • Basic or acid pretreatments of biomass affect the properties of BC. • Basic pretreatment favor oxygenate groups on the BC and advantage Mn(II) adsorption. • Complexation and surface precipitation of MnO determined the Mn(II) removal. • and OH favor the binding of Mn(II) through active carbons on the BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]