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Traditional methods for early detection of melanoma rely on the visual analysis of the skin lesions performed by a dermatologist. The analysis is based on the so-called ABCDE (Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Colour variegation, Diameter, Evolution) criteria, although confirmation is obtained through biopsy performed by a pathologist. The proposed method exploits an automatic pipeline based on morphological analysis and evaluation of skin lesion dermoscopy images. Preliminary segmentation and pre-processing of dermoscopy image by SC-cellular neural networks is performed, in order to obtain ad-hocgrey-level skin lesion image that is further exploited to extract analytic innovative hand-crafted image features for oncological risks assessment. In the end, a pre-trained Levenberg–Marquardt neural network is used to perform ad-hocclustering of such features in order to achieve an efficient nevus discrimination (benign against melanoma), as well as a numerical array to be used for follow-up rate definition and assessment. Moreover, the authors further evaluated a combination of stacked autoencoders in lieu of the Levenberg–Marquardt neural network for the clustering step.

A significant proportion of cancer patients experience nausea or vomiting during the course of their disease, either because of the cancer itself or because of the treatment received. Highly or moderately emetogenic drugs are part of the standard chemotherapy regimens frequently used in patients with lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and several other common solid tumors. In this review, we describe the impact of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving chemotherapy, and the main progress achieved in the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting with the introduction of neurokinin 1 inhibitors. The adherence to existing guidelines is particularly important to avoid suboptimal prophylaxis and maximize patients’ outcome. This review is focused on lung, breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancer, which are among the solid tumors characterized by a numeric and clinical relevance of the chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting issue because of the wide use of highly andor moderately emetogenic chemotherapy regimens.

Considerable numbers of patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) develop bone metastases (BoM). Their impact on the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is not yet investigated.