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Denture adhesives are widely used products, but limited evidence regarding their toxicity is available. The purpose of this scoping review was to map the existing literature on the toxic potential of denture adhesives. This scoping review was structured based on the 5-step methodology proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and The Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The methods were registered on the Open Science Framework (). The following research question was formulated: Are there any toxic effects related to the use of denture adhesives? The electronic literature search was performed independently by 2 authors in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The inclusion criteria were in vitro and clinical studies; studies that evaluated the cytotoxic properties of denture adhesives as local or systemic implications; and studies published in English. The search conducted in October 2020 provided 1099 articles. In total, 33 studies were included, 14 in vitro and 19 clinical studies. Commercially available denture adhesives have a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on fibroblasts and keratinocytes, with poor cell recovery noted in older human fibroblasts. Patients presented different levels of neurologic or hematological alterations associated with the excessive use of denture adhesives. Most commercially available denture adhesives have a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, and the use of well-adapted removable dental prostheses, proper patient follow-ups, and correct instructions for their use when indicated should be a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess whether the use of computerized devices to deliver local anesthesia results in less pain and anxiety compared to traditional anesthesia in adult dental procedures.Methods: This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD 42021265046), based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and was structured according to the PICO strategy. The studies were selected based on eligibility criteria, and data were collected by 1 author and reviewed by another.Results: Nine of the 10 studies included were randomized controlled trials. Differences related to pain and anxiety were observed, which favored computerized techniques; however, caution should be exercised when interpreting these results due to differences in assessment methods. The studies used different local anesthetics, including 2% lidocaine, 4% articaine, or 3% mepivacaine with epinephrine diluted 1:80,000 to 1:200,000. A total of 560 patients were evaluated.Conclusions: Computerized anesthesia devices yielded better results than conventionally delivered anesthesia after qualitative evaluation. Nevertheless, conventional anesthesia is widely used, safe, and effective. Due to the heterogeneity among the included studies, it is strongly recommended that new randomized clinical trials using well-defined methodologies be performed to improve the quality of evidence regarding this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Among the systemic conditions that impact negatively on the planning and execution of surgical procedures, diabetes mellitus (DM) is the primary clinical condition responsible for complications. This study investigated bone formation in critical defects surgically filled with hydroxyapatite (HA) in diabetic rats. A descriptive, randomized sample and blinded analysis were conducted to test bone regeneration in critical bone defects surgically performed in rat calvaria. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control, normoglycemic animals (CG); and test, streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic animals (TG). A circular bone defect was filled with HA and maintained subperiosteally. The clinical parameters evaluated were body weight, water and food intake, fasting blood glucose, and bone alkaline phosphatase. Bone-grafted area samples were submitted for histomorphometric and stereological analysis. The TG showed a significantly higher rate of new bone formation compared with the CG, sacrificed 15 days after surgery ( p < 0.0001). However, at the end of the study, there was no significant difference in the amount of bone formed between groups ( p = 0.077). In parallel, with the increase in osteoblastic activity observed in the TG by the measurement of systemic bone alkaline phosphatase ( p = 0.016), the analysis of polarized microscopy and stereology demonstrated a lower level collagen maturation and mineralization in the TG. Quantitatively, the TG showed significantly better results for bone gain in the first 15 days. Qualitative assessments, however, showed fewer collagen fibers and bone maturation in the TG compared with the CG both at 15 and 45 days. Therefore, the postoperative evaluation of bone grafts with HA in hyperglycemic situations should consider the systemic and local effects of this condition on the quality of bone repair, rather than identifying the filling or stability of the grafted area after the process. We conclude that clinically detectable bone repair in diabetic animal models submitted to hydroxyapatite grafts may be satisfactory in the early stages. However, hyperglycemia compromises the quality of the newly formed bone and the collagen cross-linking involved in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The biologic plausibility of the possible association between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes has been assessed with the use of different experimental models. However, most experimental studies did not induce periodontitis in the animals but promoted an acute microbial challenge with selected periodontal pathogens or their products subcutaneous or intravenous or intraamniotic. The present study was then conducted to verify the biologic plausibility of such association by experimentally inducing periodontitis in Wistar rats.Objective: An experimental study on an animal model by the induction of periodontitis in 50% of sites and assessment of the presence of cytokines in the gingival tissue, serum, placenta, cord, and amniotic fluid was designed to test the null hypothesis that experimental periodontitis that is induced on rats does not result in adverse pregnancy outcomes.Study Design: Forty female Wistar rats were included in 2 groups: a periodontally healthy (without ligatures) and an experimentally induced periodontitis group (test, with ligatures). Forty-five days after the induction, the mating was initiated. Males were placed with females in the ratio of 1:2 for a period of 12 hours. The bodyweight of the female, from then on, was recorded daily. When the pregnancy was confirmed on day 20, laparotomy was performed. The amniotic fluid, placenta, umbilical cord, blood (serum) and maternal and gingival tissue samples were subjected to quantitative analysis for interleukin 1α, -6, -10, -4, -12p70, and -17a, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ by multiplex methods. Mean scores, standard deviations, and standard errors for estimated measures were calculated. For cytokines analyses, the Mann-Whitney test was conducted to compare the concentration of the analytes from control and test groups in the different tissues samples. For comparison of cytokines reduction from gingival tissue to serum and from serum to placenta, the Wilcoxon Test was performed. Spearman's correlation was conducted among cytokines in the 5 different tissues that were evaluated.Results: The induced periodontitis in Wistar rats did not result in adverse outcomes of pregnancy. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in relation to prematurity, fetal, or birth weight. Regarding cytokines, there were no statistically significant differences in concentrations that were measured in each tissue between the groups with periodontitis and controls. Furthermore, all cytokine levels in the placenta, except interleukin-6, were diminished compared with the amniotic fluid or maternal serum, which suggested that the cytokines cannot easily be transferred via this tissue in maternal-fetal or fetomaternal direction. The fertility rate was reduced significantly in the group with periodontitis.Conclusion: Periodontitis that is induced in rats is not a risk factor for preterm birth or low birthweight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]