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AbstractA total of 20 children with benign transient hyperphosphatasemia were prospectively evaluated with no additional investigations recommended except repeat serologic evaluation in 2–3 months. The average age of our patients was 2.5 years (range: 1 year 2 months–5 years 10 months). The serum levels of alkaline phosphatase averaged 2383 IU/L (range: 1013–5700 IU/L). Levels returned to normal within several months. This condition should be recognized by the clinician in order not to put patients through lengthy, expensive and unnecessary investigations.

AbstractA total of 20 children with benign transient hyperphosphatasemia were prospectively evaluated with no additional investigations recommended except repeat serologic evaluation in 2–3 months. The average age of our patients was 2.5 years (range 1 year 2 months–5 years 10 months). The serum levels of alkaline phosphatase averaged 2383 IU/L (range 1013–5700 IU/L). Levels returned to normal within several months. This condition should be recognized by the clinician in order not to put patients through lengthy, expensive and unnecessary investigations.

The effect of confinement on electron and ion transport in oxide films is of interest both fundamentally and technologically for the design of next-generation electronic devices. In metal oxides with mobile ions and vacancies, it is the interplay of the different modes of charge transport and the corresponding current–voltage signatures that is of interest. We developed a patterned structure in titania films, with feature sizes of 11–20 nm, that allow us to explore confined transport. We describe how confinement changes the competing charge transport mechanisms, the patterned antidot array leads to displacement fields and confines the charge density that results in modified and emergent electron transport with an increase in conductivity. This emergent behavior can be described by considering electron interference effects. Characterization of the charge transport with electron holography and impedance spectroscopy, and through comparison with modeling, show that nanoscale confinement is a way to control quantum interference.

The structure and properties of natural photonic crystals are discussed using the colored scales of the beetle Lamprocyphus augustus as an example. While the exact mechanism behind the formation of these biopolymeric photonic structures has yet to be fully explored, similarities of these structures to intracellular cubic membrane architectures are introduced. Some crucial parameters behind the formation of cubic membranes are discussed. Using these insights, intracellular cubic membrane structures are transformed into an extracellular environment.