Search

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

Au cours de ces trente dernières années, la communauté scientifique s’est de plus en plus intéressée à la flore intestinale, microbiote ou pathogène et son impact sur les autres organes. La possibilité qu’un agent microbien intestinal soit un facteur étiologique de symptômes cutanés n’est plus à démontrer. Un parasite, en particulier, a fait l’objet de nombreuses investigations : Giardia duodenalis. L’objectif de ce travail était de dresser une revue complète des publications démontrant l’implication de G. duodenalisdans diverses dermatoses.

Monitoring of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in a non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) setting requires a method of evaluating nocturnal P aCO₂, such as transcutaneous CO₂monitoring (Tc P CO₂). However, changing the probe site after 4 h and recalibrating (as recommended) is time-consuming and impractical. Continuous (8-h) Tc P CO₂monitoring at a lower electrode temperature (43°C) in this setting has never been formally studied. Patients under intermittent NIV were studied (n=28, aged 69±9 years, P aO₂: 71±13 mmHg, P aCO₂: 49±9 mmHg). After calibration and stabilization of Tc P CO₂(Radiometer^®Tina TCM3 capnograph), arterial blood gases (ABG) were measured and compared with transcutaneous readings. In 10 patients who underwent continuous 8-h Tc P CO₂recording, ABGs were also measured after 4 and 8 h. The correlation between Tc P CO₂and P aCO₂was highly significant (r²=0·92, P<0·0001). Mean (Tc P CO₂–P aCO₂) gradient (bias) was: −2·8±3·8 mmHg; limits of agreement were: (−10·4; +4·8 mmHg). Tc P CO₂–P aCO₂gradient was lowest (i.e. within-bias±2 mmHg) between 40 and 54 mmHg, increasing below and above these values. Over 8 h, no significant drift of the Tc P CO₂signal occurred (ANOVA). No discomfort or skin lesion was noted. In conclusion, with an electrode temperature of 43°C, 8-h continuous monitoring of Tc P CO₂was well tolerated, without any local side-effects or significant drift of Tc P CO₂signal; when compared to previous reports, lowering the electrode temperature did not decrease performance for CO₂monitoring. Copyright 2001 HARCOURT PUBLISHERS LTD.

Les différences entre le panier de soins et les taux de remboursement entre les caisses d’assurance maladie peuvent générer des disparités dans les montants de prise en charge et les tickets modérateurs supportés par les assurés. La situation se complique lorsque le niveau socio-économique des assurés est faible et lorsque ces derniers souffrent d’une affection de longue durée (ALD). L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier l’évolution du montant remboursé par ALD et par caisse d’assurance maladie dans le cadre du régime de l’assurance maladie obligatoire (AMO) au Maroc. Les deux caisses concernées sont la caisse nationale des organismes de prévoyance sociale (CNOPS) qui gèrent les assurés du secteur public et la caisse nationale de sécurité sociale (CNSS) qui gèrent les assurés du secteur privé.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

BackgroundPhysicochemical incompatibilities of parenteral drugs cause several problems in hospital practice. These incompatibilities can be represented by precipitation, complexation or colour change before or during administration to patients. Understanding these incompatibilities allow pharmacists to avoid many problems during preparation and administration.PurposeTo determine physicochemical incompatibilities of a cytotoxic drug widely used in paediatric oncology (methotrexate) with certain trace elements existing in food and medicines, as well as in food supplements.Material and methodsWe performed several mixtures to study physicochemical reactions between methotrexate reconstituted in infusion bags (25 mg/ml) and five cations: calcium (Ca2+), copper (Cu2+), iron (bivalent and trivalent), magnesium (Mg2+) and zinc (Zn2+). An interaction was elucidated by formation of a precipitate visible to the naked eye. Infrared spectroscopy was the method of authentication of precipitates.ResultsPrecipitates were formed with the copper, zinc, bivalent and trivalent iron. On the other hand, there was no precipitate with calcium and magnesium. Functional analysis of infrared spectra of precipitates showed the presence of methotrexate.ConclusionThe study of the physicochemical incompatibilities of methotrexate can avoid possible interactions with medicines, food or nutritional supplements containing trace elements.Recording to the results, methotrexate precipitates in the presence of copper, zinc and iron ions. The absence of the precipitate or change of colour in the other mixtures does not exclude a possible complexation.Reference and/or Acknowledgements1. Benaji B, et al. Compatibility study of methotrexate with PVC bags after repackaging into two types of infusion admixtures. Int J Pharma1994;105(1):83–87.No conflict of interest