14 results on '"Bicout, Dominique"'
Search Results
2. Short Report: Distribution of Leptospira Serogroups in Cattle Herds and Dogs in France.
- Author
-
Ayral, Florence C., Bicout, Dominique J., Pereira, Helena, Artois, Marc, and Kodjo, Angeli
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Air pollution and health impacts during the COVID-19 lockdowns in Grenoble, France.
- Author
-
Aix, Marie-Laure, Petit, Pascal, and Bicout, Dominique J.
- Subjects
STAY-at-home orders ,AIR pollution ,AIR pollutants ,LOW birth weight ,AIR quality ,LUNG cancer ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
It is undeniable that exposure to outdoor air pollution impacts the health of populations and therefore constitutes a public health problem. Any actions or events causing variations in air quality have repercussions on populations' health. Faced with the worldwide COVID-19 health crisis that began at the end of 2019, the governments of several countries were forced, in the beginning of 2020, to put in place very strict containment measures that could have led to changes in air quality. While many works in the literature have studied the issue of changes in the levels of air pollutants during the confinements in different countries, very few have focused on the impact of these changes on health risks. In this work, we compare the 2020 period, which includes two lockdowns (March 16 - May 10 and a partial shutdown Oct. 30 - Dec. 15) to a reference period 2015–2019 to determine how these government-mandated lockdowns affected concentrations of NO 2 , O 3 , PM 2.5 , and PM 10 , and how that affected human health factors, including low birth weight, lung cancer, mortality, asthma, non-accidental mortality, respiratory, and cardiovascular illnesses. To this end, we structured 2020 into four periods, alternating phases of freedom and lockdowns characterized by a stringency index. For each period, we calculated (1) the differences in pollutant levels between 2020 and a reference period (2015–2019) at both background and traffic stations; and (2) the resulting variations in the epidemiological based relative risks of health outcomes. As a result, we found that relative changes in pollutant levels during the 2020 restriction period were as follows: NO 2 (−32%), PM 2.5 (−22%), PM 10 (−15%), and O 3 (+10.6%). The pollutants associated with the highest health risk reductions in 2020 were PM 2.5 and NO 2, while PM 10 and O 3 changes had almost no effect on health outcomes. Reductions in short-term risks were related to reductions in PM 2.5 (−3.2% in child emergency room visits for asthma during the second lockdown) and NO 2 (−1.5% in hospitalizations for respiratory causes). Long-term risk reductions related to PM 2.5 were low birth weight (−8%), mortality (−3.3%), and lung cancer (−2%), and to NO 2 for mortality (−0.96%). Overall, our findings indicate that the confinement period in 2020 resulted in a substantial improvement in air quality in the Grenoble area. [Display omitted] • Global level changes in 2020: NO 2 (−32%), PM 2.5 (−22%), PM 10 (−15%) and O 3 (+10.6%). • Health risk impacts were mainly related to changes in PM 2.5 and NO 2 levels. • Short-term risks of child asthma (−3%) and hospitalization for respiratory diseases (−2%). • Long-term risks of low birth weight (−8%), mortality (−4%), and lung cancer (−2%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Occupational exposome: A network-based approach for characterizing Occupational Health Problems.
- Author
-
Faisandier, Laurie, Bonneterre, Vincent, De Gaudemaris, Régis, and Bicout, Dominique J.
- Abstract
Abstract: Surveillance of work-related diseases and associated exposures is a major issue of public health, in particular for identifying and preventing new threats for health. In the occupational health context, the French national occupational disease surveillance and prevention network (RNV3P) have constructed a growing database that records every year all Occupational Health Problems (OHPs) diagnosed by a network of physician specialists. The network aims to provide and develop an expertise on the disease–exposure relationships, and uses the RNV3P database for developing the surveillance of OHPs and for the detection of emerging associations between diseases and occupational exposures. In this paper, we have developed the theoretical framework of the occupational exposome, defined as a network of OHPs linked by similar occupational exposures, as a novel approach which allows to characterize and to analyze the disease–exposure associations reported in the RNV3P database in the form of a relational network. Next, the occupational exposome is structured in terms of occupational exposure groups which constitute informative sub-sets of hazards considered as the backbone tree spectrum of the occupational exposures potentially related to a disease. To illustrate the wide possibilities of this method, the exposome approach is applied to the RNV3P database’s sample of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (NHLs). As a result, we found that the NHL occupational exposome could be described in terms of 86 embedded exposure groups, defined as a set of OHPs sharing at least one component of the occupational multi-exposure. For example, “organic solvents and thinners” is the most represented hazards related to NHLs, but is also co-associated to “benzene”, “ionizing radiations” or “agricultural products”. From the knowledge stored in the database by physician experts, the occupational exposome constitutes a decisive step towards the evolving monitoring of multi-exposure associated to a given disease. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Effect of Species Interaction on the Outcome of a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Epizootic.
- Author
-
Macacu, Alina and Bicout, Dominique J.
- Subjects
AVIAN influenza ,ANIMAL diseases ,H5N1 Influenza ,COMMUNICABLE diseases in animals ,WATERFOWL ,EPIDEMICS ,DISEASES - Abstract
The heterogeneity in response to the H5N1 infection of three different species of waterfowl (Mute Swan, Common Pochard, Mallard), which were affected during the 2006 outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in France, was suggested as the underlying reason for the small size of the outbreak. Through stochastic simulations of compartmental epidemiologic models that take into account both the individual behaviour of each of the three bird species and the interactions between them, the effect of host heterogeneity on the characteristics of the outbreak was analysed. Species diversity was found to induce either a decrease or an increase of the outbreak severity, depending on the mixing rates between the species and on the species to which the initially infected individual belonged to. It is found that an initially infected Mute Swan could generate major outbreaks, whereas Common Pochards and Mallards induce outbreaks of rather moderate sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
6. Multiply scattered waves through a spatially random medium : entropy production and depolarization
- Author
-
Bicout, Dominique, Brosseau, Christian, Bicout, Dominique, and Brosseau, Christian
- Abstract
This paper deals with the depolarization and decoherence effects of an incident pure state of polarization and of arbitrary state of coherence by a linear scattering medium which changes randomly with position. Using symmetry arguments and a maximum entropy principle we deduce the general form of the Mueller matrix describing the scattering medium which is consistent with the explicit computation done in the context of the Bethe-Salpeter equation handled in the diffusion approximation. The main result expresses the output degree of polarization and degree of spatial coherence as a function of the number of scattering events. From these results, two main conclusions can be drawn. The first is that the entropy production per scattering due to the irreversible process of depolarization is an exponentially decreasing function of the number of scattering events. The second result obtained is that full depolarization of linearly polarized light by Rayleigh scatterers requires more scattering events (typically a factor-of-2) than are required for a circularly polarized lightwave.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Aedes aegypti survival and dengue transmission patterns in French Guiana.
- Author
-
Fouque, Florence, Carinci, Romuald, Gaborit, Pascal, Issaly, Jean, Bicout, Dominique J., and Sabatier, Philippe
- Abstract
Field survival of Aedes aegypti females is a key parameter for estimating the dengue transmission potential of a mosquito population. The objectives of this study were to explore the dynamics of these survival rates at different times of the year in French Guiana and to analyze the results from the perspective of dengue patterns. The mosquitoes were captured, marked, released, and recaptured during four consecutive days in six houses every month, for three to 24 months, from January 1997 to December 1998. Laboratory experiments showed no effects on female survival but some effect on the survival of males. Females' daily survival in the field varied from 0.525 to 1 but was mostly between 0.8 and 0.95 during the entire year, with a mean value of 0.913. The field survival of Ae. aegypti females in French Guiana was thus in agreement with the likely transmission of dengue and the dengue endemic patterns throughout the year. On the other hand, heavy rainfalls during this time were less favorable to Ae. aegypti survival, which may explain part of the El Niño effect on dengue epidemics in French Guiana. The methods and results on Ae. aegypti survival will be implemented in a global dengue surveillance network in French Guiana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Distribution of Equine Infectious Anemia in Horses in the North of Minas Gerais State, Brazil
- Author
-
Bicout, Dominique J., Carvalho, Regina, Chalvet-Monfray, Karine, and Sabatier, Philippe
- Abstract
The paper examines the prevalence of equine infectious anemia (EIA) in horse populations in the northern part (comprising 89 cities) of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, from January 2002 to December 2004. Data on 8,981 agar gel immunodiffusion test results from the region were used as input for a statistical and autoregressive analysis model to construct a city-level map of the distribution of EIA prevalence. The following EIA prevalence (P) levels were found: 49 cities with 0 < P ≤ 0.5%, 26 with 0.5% < P ≤ 1.5%, 10 with 1.5% < P ≤ 5%, and 4 with 5% < P ≤ 25%.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Time-Delay Dynamics for Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
- Author
-
Balenghien, Thomas, Chalvet-Monfray, Karine, Lesnoff, Matthieu, Thiaucourt, François, Sabatier, Philippe, and Bicout, Dominique
- Abstract
Modelling of contagious disease usually employs compartmental SEIR-like models where the waiting times in respective compartments are exponentially distributed. In this paper, we are interested in investigating how the distributions of sojourn times in infective compartments affect the dynamics and persistence of the contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, a chronic respiratory disease of cattle. Two kinds of extreme distributions of the sojourn times are considered: a Dirac delta-function and truncated Gaussian function leading to a model with (non-constant) delay and the classical exponential distribution that stands for a model without delay. Expressions of the basic reproductive numbers are derived and dynamical behaviours are discussed for the three models. It is found that the spreading of disease exhibits wave-like oscillations for the time-delay dynamics. In contrast, the disease appears to last longer when the spreading is described by the classical dynamics without delay. Subsequently, the time-delay dynamics turns out to be more appropriate for the description of an experimental epidemic of CBPP.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Protein dynamics studied by neutron scattering
- Author
-
Gabel, Frank, Bicout, Dominique, Lehnert, Ursula, Tehei, Moeava, and Weik, Martin
- Abstract
1. Introduction 328 2. Basic concepts of neutron scattering 329 2.1 Introduction 329 2.2 Neutron-scattering functions 331 2.3 Coherent and incoherent neutron scattering. The particular role of hydrogen in incoherent scattering 332 2.4 Total elastic scattering, EISF and mean square displacement (MSD) 333 2.5 Quasielastic scattering and relaxation function 334 2.6 Inelastic scattering and density of states 3353. Experimental aspects and instruments 335 3.1 Energy and space resolution 335 3.2 General sample aspects 335 3.3 Potential effects of D2 O on dynamics 336 3.4 Experimental2 H (deuterium) labelling 3364. Physics of protein dynamics 336 4.1 Models 336 4.2 The dynamical transition 338 4.3 Effective force constants 3395. Dynamics of hydrated protein powders 339 5.1 First experiments on myoglobin 340 5.2 Dynamical transitions in other proteins 340 5.3 The role of hydration water 341 5.4 Influence of the solvent 344 5.5 Diffusional motions within proteins by QENS 346 5.6 Inelastic neutron scattering and vibrational spectra 347 5.7 Conclusions 3516. Membranes 352 6.1 Lipid bilayers 353 6.2 BR and the purple membrane (PM) 353 6.2.1 The dynamical transition in the PM 353 6.2.2 QENS from oriented PM 354 6.2.3 Hydration dependence of PM motions 355 6.2.4 Local dynamics in PM studied by isotope labelling 356 6.2.5 Dynamics of different BR conformations 3577. Protein solutions 358 7.1 From powders to solutions 358 7.2 Water dynamics and solvent dependence of the dynamical transition in proteins 3598. Comparing neutron scattering with other techniques 359 9. Biological relevance 360 9.1 Dynamicsactivity relations 360 9.2 Dynamicsstability relations (adaptation to extreme environments) 360 9.3 Protein folding 36110. Acknowledgements 364 11. References 364 This review of protein dynamics studied by neutron scattering focuses on data collected in the last 10 years. After an introduction to thermal neutron scattering and instrumental aspects, theoretical models that have been used to interpret the data are presented and discussed. Experiments are described according to sample type, protein powders, solutions and membranes. Neutron-scattering results are compared to those obtained from other techniques. The biological relevance of the experimental results is discussed. The major conclusion of the last decade concerns the strong dependence of internal dynamics on the macromolecular environment.- Published
- 2002
11. Multiply scattered waves through a spatially random medium : entropy production and depolarization
- Author
-
Bicout, Dominique and Brosseau, Christian
- Abstract
This paper deals with the depolarization and decoherence effects of an incident pure state of polarization and of arbitrary state of coherence by a linear scattering medium which changes randomly with position. Using symmetry arguments and a maximum entropy principle we deduce the general form of the Mueller matrix describing the scattering medium which is consistent with the explicit computation done in the context of the Bethe-Salpeter equation handled in the diffusion approximation. The main result expresses the output degree of polarization and degree of spatial coherence as a function of the number of scattering events. From these results, two main conclusions can be drawn. The first is that the entropy production per scattering due to the irreversible process of depolarization is an exponentially decreasing function of the number of scattering events. The second result obtained is that full depolarization of linearly polarized light by Rayleigh scatterers requires more scattering events (typically a factor-of-2) than are required for a circularly polarized lightwave. Dans cette ?tude, on consid?re les ph?nom?nes de d?polarisation et de d?coh?rence d'un faisceau d'ondes planes incident, d'?tat pur de polarisation et d'?tat arbitraire de coh?rence, par int?raction avec un milieu diffusant d?sordonn?. Par des arguments de sym?trie et un principe d'entropie maximum, nous d?duisons la forme de la matrice de Mueller caract?risant le milieu diffusant qui est en accord avec le calcul explicite bas? sur l'?quation de Bethe-Salpeter trait?e dans l'approximation de la diffusion. Le r?sultat principal exprime les degr?s de polarisation et de coh?rence spatiale en fonction du nombre de diffusions. Deux faits saillants sont ? noter. Le premier exprime la d?croissance exponentielle de la production d'entropie due ? l'irr?versibilit? du processus de d?polarisation, en fonction du nombre de diffusions. Le second indique que la d?polarisation compl?te d'un faisceau incident polaris? lin?airement par des diffuseurs de type Rayleigh n?cessite davantage de diffusions (facteur 2) que pour une polarisation circulaire.
- Published
- 1992
12. Hémopathies lymphoïdes et expositions professionnelles : données du RNV3P 2001–2016
- Author
-
Gain, Murielle, Andujar, Pascal, Pairon, Jean-Claude, Baldi, Isabelle, Bonneterre, Vincent, Bicout, Dominique, Kleinlogel, Stéphanie, Bloch, Juliette, Vanrullen, Isabelle, Larabi, Lynda, Brunel, Serge, and Vongmany, Natalie
- Abstract
Les hémopathies lymphoïdes regroupent diverses entités dont les lymphomes, les myélomes et la leucémie lymphoïde chronique. La littérature permet de retenir une association certaine entre les lymphomes et l’exposition à certains pesticides ou au butadiène, ce qui a conduit à la création récente de deux tableaux de maladies professionnelles. Une relation entre ces maladies et d’autres nuisances ou certaines professions est suggérée par certaines études, avec un niveau de preuve plus limité, notamment les rayonnements ionisants, le benzène, le formaldéhyde et certains solvants.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Evaluation of In-House and Commercial Serological Tests for Diagnosis of Human Tularemia
- Author
-
Yanes, Hadjila, Hennebique, Aurélie, Pelloux, Isabelle, Boisset, Sandrine, Bicout, Dominique J., Caspar, Yvan, and Maurin, Max
- Abstract
ABSTRACTTularemia is a zoonosis caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. Its specific diagnosis remains based on serological methods, while F. tularensisis rarely detected in clinical samples by culture or PCR. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of the Serion enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) classic Francisella tularensisIgG and IgM tests (Virion/Serion GmbH Institute, Würzburg, Germany) and the VIRapid tularemia immunochromatographic test (ICT) (Vircell, Granada, Spain) compared to that of the in-house microagglutination test (MAT) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) currently used at the French National Reference Center for Francisella. We evaluated 256 consecutive sera from 208 patients, including 51 confirmed and 23 probable tularemia cases, and 134 control patients not infected with F. tularensis. The IFA tests displayed 72.5% sensitivity for IgM (cutoff titer =80) and 74.5% for IgG (cutoff titer =160), and 99.3% specificity for both IgM and IgG. Using cutoffs advocated by the manufacturer, the Serion ELISAs displayed 88.2% sensitivity for IgM and 86.3% for IgG antibodies; specificity was 94.8% for IgM and 95.5% for IgG. Compared to MAT and IFA tests, the Serion ELISAs allowed earlier detection of specific antibodies (1 to 2 weeks versus 2 to 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms). The ICT sensitivity and specificity were 90% and 83.6%, respectively, when considering the cutoff advocated by the manufacturer. In conclusion, the Serion ELISAs are useful as screening tests for tularemia diagnosis, but additional confirmatory tests (such as MAT and IFA) are needed, especially in areas of low endemicity.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Theoretical Formulation for Mosquito Host-Feeding Patterns: Application to a West Nile Virus Focus of Southern France
- Author
-
Balenghien, Thomas, Fouque, Florence, Sabatier, Philippe, and Bicout, Dominique J.
- Abstract
Host-feeding patterns play a key role in the transmission of vector-borne diseases such as West Nile fever, which involves two kinds of vertebrates, birds and mammals. In this study, we propose a theoretical formulation for mosquito host-feeding patterns using three quantities, as follows: the apparent attractiveness/contact probabilities, the conditional host(-feeding) preferences, and the enzootic versus bridge probabilities. Using results from host-baited trap collections, the quantities defined above were assessed for the most abundant mosquito species in the main West Nile virus focus of southern France. We found that host availability is important in determining the efficiency of bridge vectors, and that even ornithophilic mosquitoes like Culex species, classically classified as enzootic vectors, may turn out to be efficient bridge vectors in certain contexts of host abundance. Our developed theoretical framework can easily be adapted and applied to other experimental data and other vector-borne diseases.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.