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Patients and healthcare practitioners have commended the systems' effectiveness, ease, and user-friendliness in several situations. Utilizing cutting-edge ideas and methods from the multidisciplinary domains of electricity, computing, medical engineering, and medicine, mobile healthcare (m-health) technology advances these professions' contributions to healthcare systems. The monitoring and delivery of healthcare interventions are becoming increasingly dependent on mobile phones. Because of their sophisticated processing functions, improved preferences, and wide range of capabilities, they are frequently referred to as pocket computers. Their advanced sensors and intricate software programmers increase the viability and innovation of m-health solutions. To design the m-health application, the design science research methodology (DSRM) framework was used. Additionally, the architecture for connecting the hospital information system and mobile device network together was established. Additionally, a few exemplary intelligent healthcare applications are examined to demonstrate how data analytics and mobile computing can be used to improve the quality of healthcare services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Current tuberculosis (TB) control strategies face limitations, such as low antibiotic treatment compliance and a rise in multidrug resistance. Furthermore, the lack of a safe and effective vaccine compounds these challenges. The limited efficacy of existing vaccines against TB underscores the urgency for innovative strategies, such as immunoinformatics. Consequently, this study aimed to design a targeted multi-epitope vaccine against TB infection utilizing an immunoinformatics approach. Methods: The multi-epitope vaccine targeted Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 proteins. The design adopted various immunoinformatics tools for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), helper T lymphocyte (HTL), and linear B lymphocyte (LBL) epitope prediction, the assessment of vaccine characteristics, structure modeling, population coverage analysis, disulfide engineering, solubility prediction, molecular docking/dynamics with toll-like receptors (TLRs), codon optimization/cloning, and immune simulation. Results: The multi-epitope vaccine, which was assembled using 12 CTL, 25 HTL, and 21 LBL epitopes associated with CpG adjuvants, showed promising characteristics. The immunoinformatics analysis confirmed the antigenicity, immunogenicity, and lack of allergenicity. Physicochemical evaluations indicated that the proteins were stable, thermostable, hydrophilic, and highly soluble. Docking simulations suggested high-affinity binding to TLRs, including TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9. In silico immune simulation predicted strong T cell (cytokine release) and B cell (immunoglobulin release) responses. Conclusion: This immunoinformatics-designed multi-epitope vaccine targeting Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 proteins showed promising characteristics in terms of stability, immunogenicity, antigenicity, solubility, and predicted induction of humoral and adaptive immune responses. This suggests its potential as a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine against TB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The best treatment for non-small cell lung cancer is early surgical treatment, but most lung cancer is diagnosed at an advanced stage. The main treatment methods are drug and radiotherapy. However, drug resistance or no significant effect of the above treatment methods is inevitable. Therefore, more methods are urgently needed for the treatment of lung cancer. Studies have confirmed that engineered exosomes have good clinical application potential in cardiovascular diseases, tumors, tissue regeneration and repair. This paper summarizes the application of engineered exosomes in the treatment of lung cancer at home and abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional techniques used in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction focus mainly on utilizing autologous tissues that have unquestionably improved function and esthetics for many patients, worldwide. However, the success depends on countless factors such as: donor and recipient sites conditions, patient's medical history, surgeon's experience, restricted availability of high-quality autogenous tissues or stem cells, and increased surgical cost and time. Lately, teaming researchers, scientists, surgeons, and engineers, to address these limitations, have allowed tremendous progress in recombinant protein therapy, cell-based therapy, and gene therapy. Over the past few years, biomedical engineering has been evolving from the laboratory to clinical applications, for replacement of damaged body tissues due to trauma, cancer, congenital or acquired disorders. This review provides an outlook on the content, benefits, recent advances, limitations, and future expectations of biomedical engineering for salivary glands, oral mucosa, dental structures, and maxillofacial reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of healthcare administration, heightened expectations can lead to stress, therefore impacting working conditions. Specifically, studies on leadership styles have provided a valuable understanding of the factors that hinder performance, particularly in relation to the implementation of transactional leadership. Despite its crucial significance, there is a dearth of research on the management styles employed in clinical engineering. This study examines the impact of leadership styles on the functioning of medical equipment. We assess leadership styles and the performance of medical equipment from the perspective of end-users using a cross-sectional survey and questionnaires that consider many significant criteria. A neural network model is employed to classify the leadership styles exhibited by the Clinical Engineering Department (CED) and to analyze the correlation between these styles and the equipment's performance. The results suggest a significant correlation between the leadership styles of those in charge of CED and the functioning of medical equipment. A strong and favorable correlation exists between transformative leadership and equipment performance (r = 0.856**, P = 0.000). The data suggests that transformative leadership is highly significant, with a mean score of 3.07 ± 0.817. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A career that spans the 37 years since “tissue engineering” was coined is chronicled, including selected research and translation highlights of the author in cardiovascular applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intellectual analysis of small and middle-sized datasets through machine learning tools presents challenges in various application domains. Existing methods fail to provide sufficient accuracy, and their utilization is accompanied by a range of issues during data analysis. This paper proposes the improvement of the input doubling method for middle-sized data analysis. The existing method employs an augmentation procedure where the augmented data sample increases quadratically. This imposes several limitations on the method's usage for middle-sized data analysis. The authors propose enhancing this method by introducing an additional clustering procedure during data augmentation. The training algorithms and application methods are described, and a visualization of the main steps of its operation is provided. Modeling is performed on two medium-sized datasets. Optimal parameters for the improved method are selected, demonstrating its high efficiency. Specifically, significant reductions in the volumes of augmented datasets (8-9 times for both datasets respectively) are achieved, accompanied by substantial reductions in the training procedure duration of the method (more than 100 and 260 times for both datasets respectively), while maintaining high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intellectual analysis of small and middle-sized datasets through machine learning tools presents challenges in various application domains. Existing methods fail to provide sufficient accuracy, and their utilization is accompanied by a range of issues during data analysis. This paper proposes the improvement of the input doubling method for middle-sized data analysis. The existing method employs an augmentation procedure where the augmented data sample increases quadratically. This imposes several limitations on the method's usage for middle-sized data analysis. The authors propose enhancing this method by introducing an additional clustering procedure during data augmentation. The training algorithms and application methods are described, and a visualization of the main steps of its operation is provided. Modeling is performed on two medium-sized datasets. Optimal parameters for the improved method are selected, demonstrating its high efficiency. Specifically, significant reductions in the volumes of augmented datasets (8-9 times for both datasets respectively) are achieved, accompanied by substantial reductions in the training procedure duration of the method (more than 100 and 260 times for both datasets respectively), while maintaining high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes five critical aspects of problem-solving competency for engineers in medicine, including the balance of depth and breadth, research capability, ideation skills, teamwork, and communication skills. Furthermore, the paper outlines the imperatives for enhancing undergraduate engineering education to cultivate problem-solving competency. An interdisciplinary approach to education in medical engineering can cultivate students to develop a holistic view of the field and equip them with a broad range of skills for problem-solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The complex mechanics of the gastric wall facilitates the main digestive tasks of the stomach. However, the interplay between the mechanical properties of the stomach, its microstructure, and its vital functions is not yet fully understood. Importantly, the pig animal model is widely used in biomedical research for preliminary or ethically prohibited studies of the human digestion system. Therefore, this study aims to thoroughly characterize the mechanical behavior and microstructure of the porcine stomach. For this purpose, multiple quasi-static mechanical tests were carried out with three different loading modes, i.e., planar biaxial extension, radial compression, and simple shear. Stress-relaxation tests complemented the quasi-static experiments to evaluate the deformation and strain-dependent viscoelastic properties. Each experiment was conducted on specimens of the complete stomach wall and two separate layers, mucosa and muscularis, from each of the three gastric regions, i.e., fundus, body, and antrum. The significant preconditioning effects and the considerable regional and layer-specific differences in the tissue response were analyzed. Furthermore, the mechanical experiments were complemented with histology to examine the influence of the microstructural composition on the macrostructural mechanical response and vice versa. Importantly, the shear tests showed lower stresses in the complete wall compared to the single layers which the loose network of submucosal collagen might explain. Also, the stratum arrangement of the muscularis might explain mechanical anisotropy during tensile tests. This study shows that gastric tissue is characterized by a highly heterogeneous microstructure with regional variations in layer composition reflecting not only functional differences but also diverse mechanical behavior. Unfortunately, only few experimental data on gastric tissue are available for an adequate material parameter and model estimation. The present study therefore combines layer- and region-specific stomach wall mechanics obtained under multiple loading conditions with histological insights into the heterogeneous microstructure. On the one hand, the extensive data sets of this study expand our understanding of the interplay between gastric mechanics, motility and functionality, which could help to identify and treat associated pathologies. On the other hand, such data sets are of high relevance for the constitutive modeling of stomach tissue, and its application in the field of medical engineering, e.g., in the development of surgical staplers and the improvement of bariatric surgical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BCI is a rapidly growing field within biomedical engineering as it enables a direct connection between the central nervous system and an external device. BCI detects brain signals using biosensors (electrodes) installed on the head's scalp or implanted inside the brain. EEG is a non-invasive method for detecting and monitoring the brain's activity. Using EEG-based BCI in the medical field can significantly help disabled people to perform daily activities. In this context, it is very important to support and enable paralysed people to interact with multimedia devices like televisions by developing suitable solutions. This paper proposes an EEG mind-controlled TV remote control system prototype. The proposed prototype uses affordable hardware components to perform its task. A quantitative questionnaire has been conducted to identify the system's functional and non-functional requirements. The system can send four different signals to power on/off, change the channel, raise and reduce the volume of the TV. The system has been tested by 20 subjects. The testing results show that the accuracy of the system is 74.9%. Despite the system being able to control only four TV functions, the system is scalable, and more commands can be added in the future. Also, using Raspberry Pi in the system gives a great possibility to eliminate the computer and to use Raspberry Pi directly with the headset. This paper demonstrates the approach's feasibility and opens the route for enhancing the system and using EEG-based BCI with more and different devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organoids are complex multicellular structures that stem cells self-organize in three-dimensional (3D) cultures into anatomical structures and functional units similar to those seen in the organs from which they originate. This review describes the construction of thyroid organoids and the research progress that has occurred in models of thyroid-related disease. As a novel tool for modeling in a 3D multicellular environment, organoids help provide some useful references for the study of the pathogenesis of thyroid disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, reverse flow analysis in mixed convection flow has attracted the attention of many researchers owing to its applications in the design of medical and engineering systems. The presence of reverse flow is unfavorable in many respects; therefore, it is crucial to find values of critical parameters affecting the reverse flow to eliminate it. In this paper, the thermal and hydrodynamic behavior of MWCNT-Fe3O4 hybrid nanofluid is explored in a vertical cylindrical annulus and in the adjacency of radial magnetic field by achieving the results of the exact solution. Furthermore, the effective factors on the reverse flow are investigated, considering the effects of wall movement and suction/injection on it. The range of changes of the governing parameters includes constant velocity of cylinders’ walls A=0−10, B=0−10, Mixed convection parameter η=-1500−1500, dimensionless temperature difference ratio ξ=0−1, Hartman number Ha=0−50, Suction/injection S=-6−6, nanocomposite particles concentration φ=0−0.3% and radios ratio λ=2−10. The results reveal that hybrid nanofluid enhances the heat transfer rate. Moreover, by changing the above-mentioned parameters and selecting the appropriate values for them, the flow, heat transfer and occurrence of reverse flow can be optimally controlled. Meanwhile, such parameters as Ha, S and ξ perform better in eliminating reverse flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design and entrepreneurship education have emerged as platforms for exposing students to 'real-world' project experiences, instilling skills to succeed in the professional market. Both entrepreneurship and design education share similar project-based, active learning pedagogies and claim to cultivate similar 21st century professional skills; however, minimal work has been conducted examining specific student professional outcomes in both entrepreneurship and design courses. Using pre-post survey data, our study explores the impact of two classes, entrepreneurship and biomedical engineering (BME) design, on students' perceived learning gains in three professional skills: Risk-Taking, Creative SelfEfficacy and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy (ESE). Results indicated that Entrepreneurship course students reported significant increases in Creative Self-Efficacy and ESE. BME design course students reported minor improvement in certain aspects of ESE. Neither course significantly impacted students' perceived Risk-Taking ability. These results indicate that while design and entrepreneurship courses share content and pedagogy, they have a differing impact on students' perceived skills. We explicate key differences between the courses and their impact on perceived professional skills, examining why design and entrepreneurship education may be unique and how students may benefit from both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 10th Annual University of Houston (UH) Biomedical Engineering (BME) Day on Health Care Innovation and Entrepreneurship, co-sponsored by the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS), and technically co-sponsored by BioHouston Inc., was held on 28 April 2023 (). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this meta-analysis is to assess the effectiveness of blended learning in biomedical engineering. To that end, the PubMed and Medline databases were combed for relevant research through January 2022, and the eligible papers were picked using a rigorous PRISMA-based selection approach. Blended learning was compared to traditional teaching approaches in all of the research considered. As a consequence of the present search, eighteen research articles with a total of 3097 participants adopting blended learning for biomedical engineering education were dis-covered. Two studies were included from each of the following countries including Australia, Brazil, Germany, Spain and USA. While, one study from China, Denmark, France, KSA, Malaysia, Serbia, Turkey and United Kingdom was included. The results of a meta-analysis employing random effects models revealed a significant difference between all blended learning and conventional learning methods [MD and its 95% CI were 2.36 (0.94, 3.78)]. The findings advised that biomedical engineering education stakeholders use an innovative teaching strategy based on digital pedagogies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The present article provides a new-age take on the various facilities available for orthodontic material testing. • It highlights the abundant scope of research that can be carried out in orthodontics with the help of an adjunct biomedical lab testing center. • It provides an immediate point-of comparison reference between two testing techniques which can help elevate present available evidence. The field of biomaterials has evolved significantly to include a wide spectrum of various disciplines which include biological and bioengineering sciences. Orthodontic applications as well as growing advances in digital dentistry have expanded the envelope of biomimetic requirements necessitating the need of new approaches in material testing. Efficient exchange of information and experience on material characterization along with application of novel approaches in assessing biological properties are some of the recent advents in material testing. Clinical trials on the performances of materials, orthodontically-induced surface alterations, tissue mechanics and polymer/resin properties are some of the rapidly developing trends in orthodontic biomaterial research. It is the need of the hour to provide the contemporary clinician with as much relevant evidence that can be garnered with the help of biomedical engineering in a research-adjunct manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses ownership and property issues in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting from the perspective of the tangible aspect of the technology. Many scholars have examined property issues in the intangible aspect of the technology, namely, the intellectual property issue. Since a major component of 3D bioprinting is cells taken from patients and donors, it is important to explore the right of ownership over the physical product, including cells used in the 3D bioprinting process and the 3D bioprinted organ itself. What is the extent of the donor's right over his/her cells taken for use in 3D bioprinting and even the 3D bioprinted organ - the product of those cells? For example, can the cell donor determine how his/her cells are used, or even who gets the 3D bioprinted organ? What rights does a person have over the commercial use of his/her cells or tissue for 3D bioprinting? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomedical technologies help countless patients in improving the quality of managing health. The latest trend in biomedical engineering includes tissue bioengineering, biosensors, enhanced bone regeneration; and bioinstrumentation. Electrocardiogram (ECG) a very popular tool in medical science records the electrical activity of the heart. Its interpretations & usefulness have created a revolution in Cardiology. It involves measuring the potential difference between two points or measuring the dipole moment of the heart when it contracts and relaxes. There are various noises present in the signal. In this paper, the authors have designed filters for the elimination of electromyography noise and baseline wander noise present in ECG signal. The filters are designed and simulated using various approaches namely operational amplifier, a two-stage operational amplifier (2SOA), an operational transconductance amplifier (gm amplifier). The theoretical values are evaluated and compared using simulated results. The theoretical and practical values agree with each other. Also, current amplifiers (2SOA and gm amplifier) results in better gain improvement in comparison to operational amplifier [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds (NFSs) have aroused much attraction in the field of biomedical engineering, due to their small fiber diameter, high specific surface area, and excellent extracellular matrix comparability. The main focus of this study is to design and fabricate novel zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8)-loaded silk fibrin/polycaprolactone (SF/PCL) nanofiber composite scaffolds by using the electrospinning strategy. Firstly, ZIF-8 was synthesized and characterized, which showed remarkable features in terms of shape, size, chemical and physical properties. Then, three different amounts of ZIF-8 were encapsulated into SF/PCL nanofibers during electrospinning, to investigate how the addition of ZIF-8 affected the morphology, and structure, as well as physical, mechanical, and biological properties of the nanofiber composite scaffolds. It was found that the addition of ZIF-8 didn't change the nanofibrous morphology of the composite scaffold, and no bead-like structure were found for the SF/PCL composite scaffolds loading with or without ZIF-8. The appropriate addition of ZIF-8 could significantly increase the mechanical properties of SF/PCL NFSs. The SF/PCL NFS containing 5% ZIF-8 showed high ultimate stress and initial modulus, which were 40.31 ± 2.31 MPa, and 569.19 ± 21.38 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the MTT assay indicated that the pure SF/PCL scaffold and one with 1% ZIF-8 exhibited nearly identical cell compatibility toward human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells, but some obvious cytotoxicity was observed with the increase of ZIF-8 content. However, the incorporation of ZIF-8 into SF/PCL NFSs was found to have excellent antibacterial rate against both E. coli and S. aureus. In all, the incorporation of 1% ZIF-8 could impart the SF/PCL NFS with balanced bio-function, making it a promising candidate for diverse biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Acquiring adequate attached mucosa is important in restoring masticatory function with a removable dental prosthesis or dental implant. In patients with inadequate attached mucosa, a free gingival graft (FGG) with a custom stent is used. However, it is challenging to apply the conventional method for fabricating a stent with a reshaped cast in patients with reconstructed mandibles because the reconstructed mandible has limitations due to a titanium mesh, skin flap, and unique bone morphology. In the present report, we have proposed a new design and fabrication process for a mucocompressive splint via medical engineering to acquire the attached mucosa for the prosthodontic treatment of reconstructed mandibles. Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) craniomandibular models were reconstructed from a computed tomography dataset after mandibular reconstruction. The dentition region was replaced with highly precise scan data of the dental casts using a 3D scanner. The alveolar ridge mucosa and teeth were ideally designed using the 3D model while referring to the anatomical structures. The jig used to fabricate the working dental cast with artificial gum in real space was designed and fabricated using a 3D printer. The alveolar ridge was altered into a simulated configuration on the articulator using a jig. A mucocompressive splint was fabricated on an altered dental cast. The splint was immediately seated on the mandible without any major adjustments after the FGG. Conclusion: Adequate attached mucosa for the prosthodontic treatment of a reconstructed mandible was obtained by the pre-surgical fabrication of a mucocompressive splint through medical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyjet Additive Manufacturing (AM) is gaining attention owing to its ability to manufacture intricate parts with microscopic resolution. While extensive research and development have optimized the accuracy and strength of 3D printed structures, however, only a few prediction models exist for predicting the accuracy of the thermoplastic-based components using Polyjet technique. The study presents an accuracy-based predictive model for polyjet AM of thermoplastic structures which significantly raises the fabrication standards and reduces the number of unnecessary experimental attempts. Multivariate Regression Analysis (MVRA) statistical approach and the Generalized Regression Neural Networks (GRNN) approach is carried out to evaluate the effect of numerous significant polyjet printing parameters such as Support Material, Print Mode, Print Orientation, and Thermoplastic resin on the dimensional stability of the printed structures, examined under an ultra-compact 3D laser sensor. The outputs are optimized using the Genetic Algorithm (GA), and the findings are found consistent with experimental trials. This study sets new standards for additive manufacturing of thermoplastic components by examining the influence of polyjet printing factors on the accuracy of the manufactured fastener along the X, Y, and Z axes, respectively. The study may eventually substitute metal fasteners in certain industrial applications such as in fluidics, electronics, biomedical engineering, food packaging, and automobile industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of automated medical diagnosis in biomedical engineering has become an important area of research. Image classification is one of the diagnostic approaches that do not require segmentation which can draw quicker inferences. The proposed non-invasive diagnostic support system in this study is considered as an image classification system where the given brain image is classified as normal or abnormal. The ability of deep learning allows a single model for feature extraction as well as classification whereas the rational models require separate models. One of the best models for image localization and classification is the Visual Geometric Group (VGG) model. In this study, an efficient modified VGG architecture for brain image classification is developed using transfer learning. The pooling layer is modified to enhance the classification capability of VGG architecture. Results show that the modified VGG architecture outperforms the conventional VGG architecture with a 5% improvement in classification accuracy using 16 layers on MRI images of the REpository of Molecular BRAin Neoplasia DaTa (REMBRANDT) database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we construct a family of single root finding method of optimal order four and then generalize this family for estimating of all roots of non-linear equation simultaneously. Convergence analysis proves that the local order of convergence is four in case of single root finding iterative method and six for simultaneous determination of all roots of non-linear equation. Some non-linear equations are taken from physics, chemistry and engineering to present the performance and efficiency of the newly constructed method. Some real world applications are taken from fluid mechanics, i.e., fluid permeability in biogels and biomedical engineering which includes blood Rheology-Model which as an intermediate result give some nonlinear equations. These non-linear equations are then solved using newly developed simultaneous iterative schemes. Newly developed simultaneous iterative schemes reach to exact values on initial guessed values within given tolerance, using very less number of function evaluations in each step. Local convergence order of single root finding method is computed using CAS-Maple. Local computational order of convergence, CPU-time, absolute residuals errors are calculated to elaborate the efficiency, robustness and authentication of the iterative simultaneous method in its domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gene therapy for haemophilia, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy for cancer, and gene editing illustrate many of the issues. Gene therapy for haemophilia is entering the late clinical trial stage, with at least ten ongoing trials for haemophilia A and six for haemophilia B.9 This form of I in vivo i gene therapy involves a single intravenous injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector that has been engineered to home to the liver and produce the required clotting factor there for the remainder of an adult's life. Keywords: Molecular medicine; Biomedical engineering; Molecular biology; Cell biology; Stem cells; Immunotherapies EN Molecular medicine Biomedical engineering Molecular biology Cell biology Stem cells Immunotherapies 65 70 6 07/19/22 20220715 NES 220715 Many technical and regulatory hurdles have been overcome, but the field has a long way to go Who would have thought a small piece of messenger RNA (mRNA) wrapped in a delectable lipid could do so much? In particular, CAR-T cell immunogene therapies that target CD19 on B cells have achieved complete response and remission rates of 77% and 80% in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.19,20 Traditional CAR-T cell therapies are manufactured by collecting peripheral blood T cells from patients with B-cell malignancies and genetically engineering them in a specialised laboratory to express a receptor (such as the CD19 receptor). [Extracted from the article]