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Background: Arsenic is present in above permissible safe limits in groundwater, soil, and food, in various areas of the world. This is increasing exposure to humankind and affecting health in various ways. Alternation in cognition is one among them. Epidemiological research has reflected the impact of arsenic exposure on children in the form of diminished cognition.Aims: Considering this fact, the present study reviewed the impact of arsenic on amyloid precursor protein, which is known to cause one of the commonest cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.Methods: The present study reviews the arsenic role in the generation of amyloid-beta from its precursor that leads to Alzheimer’s disease through the published article from Pubmed and Scopus.Description: According to the findings, regular, long-term exposure to arsenic beginning in infancy changes numerous arsenic level-regulating regions in the rat brain, which are related to cognitive impairments. Arsenic also affects the BBB clearance route by increasing RAGE expression. Arsenic triggers the proamyloidogenic pathway by increasing APP expression and subsequently, its processing by β-secretase and presenilin. Arsenic also affects mitochondrial dynamics, DNA repair pathway and epigenetic changes. The mechanism behind all these changes is explained in the present review article.Conclusion: A raised level of arsenic exposure affects the amyloid precursor protein, a factor for the early precipitation of Alzheimer’s disease.

The prevalence of psychological disorders has surged since the 1990s, posing a significant global health burden with depressed individuals averaging six lost hours per week and contributing to over 20% of all missed workdays. Current antidepressants, while effective for some, have limited efficacy, dietary restrictions, and adverse effects, including liver damage and hypertension. Natural remedies offer promising therapeutic potential with minimal side effects. Tamarindus indica(TI) is a plant that grows in the shape of a tree. Network pharmacology of TI revealed the key targets MAPK, D1-6, 5HT, DAT, MAO, COMT, PKA, PKC, AKT, and VMAT, which are linked to prominent key pathways such as dopaminergic and serotonergic. The cell viability assays on SH-Sy5y cells indicated a favourable safety profile with an IC50 of 573.99 µg/ml and further, the in vivo efficacy was observed through Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) model in mice. The hydroalcoholic extract of TI demonstrated antidepressant effects, significantly reducing immobility time in the Tail Suspension Test (TST) and Forced Swim Test (FST). Additionally, locomotor activity, assessed via the Open Field Test (OFT), was significantly increased in the treatment group compared to CUMS mice. Biochemical analyses revealed elevated Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF), decreased cortisol levels, and reduced catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) concentration in TI-treated (50 mg/kg) groups. These findings underscore the potential of TI as a natural antidepressant, offering a promising avenue for further therapeutic development in depression management. The current study did not evaluate the level of neurotransmitters in the brain, which will be evaluated in future studies.

The present study intends to identify and evaluate the factors affecting the perception and readiness of young online shoppers regarding digital transactions. Thirty variables were identified through systematic literature review that can influence consumers’ perception of digital transactions. Data were collected from 525 millennials from north India. After performing factor analysis, five broad factors were identified namely (a) personal characteristics and incentives, (b) knowledge technical capability, (c) perceived usefulness, (d) sense of security, and (e) transaction risk, which affect the perception and intention as well as adaption of young consumers regarding the digital transactions. Using regression analysis, factors affecting consumer’s perception and readiness regarding digital transactions are modeled out. The study also examines the influence on intention to adopt digital transactions and the actual adaption of digital transactions. Further, the study concludes that consumer intention to make digital transactions mediates the relationship between factors of digital transactions and digital transaction adaption behavior.

Over-exploitation, and resultant habitat degradation, have often been reported for the declining yield of Yartsa Gunbu (Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) G H Sung et al.). Does livestock grazing aggravate the situation? Three sites, differing in the magnitude of grazing pressure- Janthri, experiencing no grazing pressure; Balmiya top, with moderate grazing pressure, and Rukhiyan, experiencing relatively greater grazing pressure were selected. The soil parameters studied were the following-soil texture, bulk density, soil moisture, pH, organic carbon content, total organic matter, total and available nitrogen content. Our results indicate that with the increase in grazing pressure, soil moisture content, soil organic carbon, soil organic matter, and available nitrogen decreases. The total nitrogen content exhibits a decline at 0–10 cm soil depth in site experiencing relatively greater grazing pressure, while it remains high in 10–20 and 20–30 cm soil depth in site experiencing light or moderate grazing pressure. Soil bulk density inevitably increases with increasing grazing pressure. An increase in bulk density is negatively correlated with larval population size in all the sites, while the rest of the parameters exhibit a positive correlation (P < 0.05). Of all the parameters studied, it would be safe to conclude that changes in soil bulk density, pH, and moisture are of greater concern as relates to larval population size. The declining population size of the host Thitarodeslarva, as brought forth in the present study is a cause of concern for the future availability of Yartsa Gunbu.