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Background: Historical literature suggests the risk of neurologic injury in children supported by extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is between 10-20%, however recent studies suggest the incidence may be much higher. Methods: The Alberta Children’s Hospital (ACH) Rescue ECLS program cannulates patients who are then transferred to the partner program at Stollery Children’s Hospital. Data was systematically collected from all patients cannulated for Rescue ECLS at ACH October 2011 and May 2023. Neuroimaging (CT, MR) performed after cannulation was reviewed for evidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Results: Seventy-one patients were included in the Rescue ECLS cohort. Median age at cannulation was 1.74 years (range 0-17.6 years, 51% female). Survival to hospital discharge was 65%. Primary indication for ECLS included cardiac (42%), respiratory (33.3%), extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR; 23.2%) and trauma (1.4%). Seventy four percent of the cohort underwent neuroimaging, of whom 67% had evidence of neurologic injury including stroke (ischemic 67%; hemorrhagic 50%) or hypoxic-ischemic injury (33%). Risk of neurologic injury did not differ by indication for ECLS. Conclusions: Neuroimaging abnormalities are present in most pediatric patients imaged post-cannulation for Rescue ECLS. Further research into modifiable risk factors for specific ECLS-related brain injuries may help to improve outcomes for survivors.

Polypropylene fibers present favorable physical, hydraulic and specific surface area properties for use as a raw material or substrate in developing a novel iron-oxide-coated medium for the adsorption of heavy metals from drinking water. However, polypropylene fibers have not been explored for their ability to retain iron oxide coating under realistic flow rates for water treatment. This study evaluated the ability of polypropylene to retain its coating under flow rates used in water treatment, through column studies. A full factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of flow rate, packing scheme (in-plane or cross-plane) and location within the column on iron retention. The polypropylene mat achieved an iron density of 86 mg Fe/g medium of material and retained 73% of this coating after being subjected to hydraulic flows in the cross-plane direction several times those used in water treatment. This is substantially higher than the amount of iron retained on sand as reported by previous researchers. Further investigation should evaluate pre-treatment methods which may facilitate strong chemical bonds between the iron and fiber to create a more consistent coating.

One of the possible noise sources for the space-based gravitational wave detector LISA (the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna), associated with its test masses, is that due to spatial variations in surface potential (or patch effect) across the surfaces of the test mass and its housing. Such variations will lead to force gradients which may result in a significant acceleration noise term. Another noise source is that due to temporal variations in the surface potential, which in conjunction with any ambient dc voltage or net free charge on the test mass may also produce a significant acceleration noise term. The ST-7 demonstrator mission is designed to test technologies for LISA, including the gravitational reference sensor, which contains a gold-coated gold/platinum (Au/Pt) alloy test mass, surrounded by a housing that carries the electrodes for sensing and control. We have used a Kelvin probe at the Goddard Space Flight Center to make spatial and temporal measurements of contact potential differences for a selection of materials (Au/Pt, beryllia, alumina, titanium) and coatings (gold, diamond-like carbon, indium tin oxide, titanium carbide). Our investigations indicate that subject to certain assumptions all of these coatings appear to satisfy the ST-7 requirement that patch effect spatial variations should be less than 100 mV. The data also revealed evidence of behavioural trends with pressure and possible contamination effects. Regarding temporal variations, the current accuracy of the instrument is limiting the measurements at a level above the likely LISA requirements. We discuss our results and draw some conclusions of relevance to LISA.

TERMS such as ‘active sites’ and ‘active centres’ have long been used in describing the reactions of carbons with gases, without any specific knowledge of either the real nature or real function of such ‘sites’. Recent work in these Laboratories has thrown some light on both nature and action of at least one common type of reactive centre.

As I have been unable to find any mention, in any of the standard books of reference or in the current medical literature, of a rash appearing in turpentine poisoning, the following case is reported:History.—E. E., a white girl, aged 20, single, a mill operative, applied for treatment in the medical dispensary of the Germantown Hospital, March 31, 1913. She complained of a bright red, itchy rash covering the face, neck, arms, fore-arms and trunk. No rash was seen below the waist-line.Family history was negative. The patient had measles at 7 and scarlet fever at 8; the history was otherwise negative. Because the menses did not appear when due, the patient took 25 minims and twenty-four hours later 30 minims of spirits of turpentine. The next day her face began to swell, her body felt hot and itchy and she noticed the rash. The next day, seventy-two

We investigated how environmental variables influence development and survivorship of Boreioglycaspis melaleucae Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) by quantifying life history characteristics of adults, eggs, and nymphs when held at eight constant temperatures, four relative humidities, and on plants that differed in foliar terpenoid profiles. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that terpenoid profiles or humidity influence B. melaleucae development. Although longevity of adult psyllids is greater on plants that contain E-nerolidol versus viridiflorol profiles, this does not translate to a longer ovipositional period or increased fecundity. Similarly, humidity treatments had a limited and inconsistent effect on B. melaleucae developmental rates and nymphal survivorship. In contrast, developmental rates increased linearly with increasing temperature to an optimum 25°C, whereas greater temperatures caused total developmental rates to decrease. Temperature also affected nymphal survivorship, with no individuals completing development below 10 or above 30°C. Mean maximum daily temperatures in southern Florida commonly exceeded 30°C, with maximum temperatures ranging from 30 to 35°C (in Broward Co.) during 138 d in 2006. Therefore, we conclude that lethal upper temperature thresholds will limit population growth rates during summer.

We tested 13 species of phytoseiid mites for prey preferences between eggs and larvae of twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. In general, oligophagous, specialized spider mite predators preferred eggs whereas more polyphagous, generalist predators showed no prey-stage preference or preferred larvae: Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks), P. persimilis Athias-Henriot, Neoseiulus longispinosus (Evans), and Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) preferred eggs; Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans), Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt), N. barkeri Hughes, N. californicus (McGregor), N. cucumeris (Oudemans), and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten showed no prey-stage preference; and Amblyseius andersoni Chant, Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans) and E. hibisci (Chant) preferred larvae. When the ratio of spider mite eggs to larvae was altered, adult females of E. finlandicus, G. occidentalis, N. fallacis, and P. persimilis maintained relatively constant feeding ratios, resulting in slight negative prey-stage switching due mostly to the changes in prey-stage ratios offered. However, when offered a prey-stage ratio that was biased toward eggs, adult females of T. pyri exhibited positive switching, feeding disproportionately more on eggs than would be expected given the change in the ratio offered. There was no clear trend in the effect of starvation time on prey-stage preference for N. fallacis adult females. The egg preference of N. fallacis was also not affected when individuals were reared solely on eggs or larvae of T. urticae and subsequently tested as adult females. Individuals of field-collected strains of N. fallacis and P. persimilis showed no differences in prey-stage preferences when compared with individuals from long-term reared laboratory strains of the same species. However, individuals of one field-collected strain of G. occidentalis showed a stronger preference for eggs than individuals from three other strains (one laboratory and two field-collected) of the same species.

THE recent work of Blackwood and McGrory1has shown that methane is formed when carbon, in the form of coconut char, is allowed to react with steam under pressure. The rate of formation of methane is a linear function of the steam pressure and appeared to be independent of the partial pressure of hydrogen when the latter is small. A similar study2of the reaction of hydrogen and carbon under pressure at temperatures of 650–950° C. has shown that the rate of formation of methane is a linear function of the hydrogen pressure and that the addition of small amounts of steam to the atmosphere of hydrogen has no apparent effect on the rate of formation of methane. It is suggested that the mechanism of methane formation is the same. The rate of formation of methane, for the same carbon, prepared at 950° C., with 30 atm. of steam at 870° C., is 16 × 10−5gm.mol./min./gm. carbon, and with hydrogen under the same conditions is 10 × 10−5gm.mol./min./gm. carbon. The rate varies with the temperature of preparation of the carbon and lower-temperature carbons are more reactive, reaching a maximum reactivity to hydrogen when prepared at about 750° C.

As the cough in pulmonary tuberculosis is often a very distressing symptom, especially during the night hours, any remedy that will give relief to the sufferer is of value.An intelligent patient of mine, who was suffering with advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, first called my attention to the fact that when he took acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in the evening, his cough was much relieved and as a result he passed a more comfortable night.I made use of this observation in several other cases of advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, asking the patients to let me know if they received any benefit from the treatment and in every case reports were favorable.I now frequently advise patients with advanced pulmonary tuberculosis to take acetylsalicylic acid 5 or 10 grains about 8 p. m. when they are troubled with an excessive cough at night. The smaller dose is often sufficient to control the cough