Search

This study aimed to investigate the temporal changes in body composition following esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer using bioelectrical impedance analysis and to assess the prognostic implications of these changes. Our study included 528 patients who underwent esophagectomy and preoperative body composition measurements between January 2013 and June 2020. Postoperative body composition was measured in 493 patients at discharge as follows: 184 at 1 month, 144 at 2 months, 143 at 3 months, 103 at 6 months, 58 at 9 months, and 78 at 12 months. Body weight (BW) continuously decreased until the 6 postoperative months (POMs), reaching −11.5% compared with preoperative levels. Subsequently, almost no change was observed at 12 POMs. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) decreased until 3 POMs but gradually recovered after 3 POMs. Conversely, body fat mass (BFM) consistently decreased over time post-esophagectomy. The patients were categorized into moderate (>−10%) and severe (≤−10%) groups based on % BW, % SMM, and % BFM losses at 3 POMs. Severe SMM loss at 3 POMs correlated with reduced overall survival (OS) (3-year OS: 85.9% in moderate vs. 75.1% in severe, p = 0.035). BFM loss was associated with reduced recurrence-free survival (3-year RFS: 83.3% in moderate vs. 62.0% in severe, p = 0.011). Multivariate analysis identified pStages Ⅲ and Ⅳ, % SMM loss ≤ −10%, and % BFM loss ≤ −10% as independent factors for worse OS. Post-esophagectomy, distinct temporal changes in BW, SMM, and BFM are observed. Significant reductions in SMM and BFM 3 POMs indicate a poor long-term prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The predictive value of body simplified indices needs to be evaluated properly for cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to assess and compare the relative relationship of arm circumference (AC), arm muscle circumference (AMC), body mass index (BMI), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) with Ultra-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein (US-CRP) in healthy male subjects and with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed the study at the department of Physiology, College of Medicine & King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It was a cross-sectional study with 93 healthy male subjects and 112 type 2 diabetic male patients who underwent body composition analysis by BIA and fasting venous blood samples were collected. US-CRP and body composition were determined for all subjects. RESULTS: US-CRP is correlated positively with AC (0.378) and BMI (0.394) more than AMC (0.282) and WHR (0.253) which have lower correlation both in control and DM group. BCM has the lowest correlation with US-CRP (0.105). The association between US-CRP and AC, AMC, Body Fat Percent (BFP), and body fat mass (BFM) are statistically significant except for BFP in DM group. In control group, AC is noticed to be a better predictor for US-CRP, with area under curve (AUC) 64.2% (p=0.019), WHR with AUC 72.6% (p<0.001), and BMI with AUC 65.4% (p=0.011) but AMC is not a good predictor in control group with AUC 57.5% (p=0.213). In DM group, AC is noticed to be a better predictor for US-CRP, with AUC 71.5% (p<0.001), WHR with AUC 67.4% (p=0.004), BMI with AUC 70.9% (p=0.001), and AMC with AUC 65.2% (p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: Simplified muscle mass body indices like AC and AMC have significant predictive value for assessing cardiovascular risk in both healthy population and patients with T2DM. Therefore, AC could be used as a future predictor for cardiovascular disease in healthy and DM patients. Further investigations are needed to confirm its applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rapid weight gain in early life is associated with adiposity later in life. However, there is limited information on the association between weight gain and body fat mass measured using precise methods. This study aimed to investigate whether weight gain is associated with body fat mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in adolescents. Methods: Participants of this retrospective cohort study were 423 adolescents born at full-term who were enrolled in the Japan Kids Body-composition Study. Anthropometric measurements related to pregnancy, delivery, and child health were obtained from the Japanese Maternal and Child Health Handbook. Fat mass in adolescents was measured with a DXA scanner. Weight gain was defined as the change in body weight from birth to age 1.5 years. Associations between birthweight and fat mass, and between weight gain and fat mass, were evaluated using multiple regression analysis. Results: There was a significant positive association between weight gain from birth to age 1.5 years and fat mass in adolescents (boys: standardized regression coefficient (β) = 0.253, p < 0.01; girls: β = 0.246, p < 0.01), but not between birthweight standardized for gestational age and fat mass. Conclusion: Children with a greater change in weight from birth to age 1.5 years tended to have increased fat mass in adolescence. Weight gain in early life has a greater impact on fat mass in adolescents than birthweight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many medical disorders comprising the metabolic syndrome (MS) are becoming increasingly prominent worldwide. Accordingly, much more knowledge is necessary to design the best preventive and therapeutic regimens to combat them effectively. This investigation examines the manner and magnitude of any interplay between body fat mass (FM) and insulin resistance (IR) in the evolution of these disorders using fasting blood glucose (FBG) as the latter's surrogate. Two components of MS, IR and body FM, appear to be particularly important because they have been postulated to be primary driving forces behind the other coexisting entities. Whether and how these two components interact is uncertain to some extent. Baseline data obtained from healthy, non-diabetic volunteers involved in a number of prior clinical studies were analyzed by examining links between FBG and FM through their individual as well as combined effects on various components of MS. The present study consists of three phases. Phase 1 establishes that FM, similar to FBG, acting as an independent variable correlates significantly with various components of MS. The results even imply that FM offers a better measure for estimating generalized inflammation. Further, implied from findings in phase 2 is that FM influences inflammation not only by further augmenting IR but by additional means as well. In phase 3, where quartiles were developed based upon FBG and FM levels, the combination of relatively low FM/low FBG possesses significantly less proclivity for intensifying metabolic risk factors compared to the high FM/high FBG subset. Body FM through augmenting IR as well as another mechanism(s) markedly influences optimal fitness in seemingly normal healthy, non-diabetic volunteers. Maintaining the lowest reasonable levels of IR or body FM should bring one closer to long-term, ideal health, but improving the two jointly is an even better option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Egg is the vital source for many nutrients. The present study aimed to evaluate how egg consumption contributes to body fat mass and fat distribution in general Chinese adults.Methods: In a representative study of Chinese adults, 2241 rural adults aged 18-80 years completed physical measurements and semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Body fat percentage (BF%) was estimated through validated Chinese-specific equations including age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), gender and their interaction.Results: The prevalence of excessive body fat and central obesity in males were 44.2% and 31.3%, lower than that in females (60.7% and 36.1%, p < 0.05). 37.3% of lean or normal-weight individuals by BMI experienced excessive body fat given their BF% and 43.5% were central obesity according to WC. In females, egg consumption was associated with better body fat mass and its distribution. Compared with non-consumers, individuals consumed egg >50 g/d had a 34% lower risk of central obesity (OR:0.66, 0.39-0.99) and 38% lower risk of excessive body fat (OR:0.62, 0.37-1.00). There were significant dose-response relationships between egg consumption and overweight with excessive body fat/central obesity (p for linear trend <0.05). However, these associations were not significant in males.Conclusion: Our findings underscore the necessity for future public health guidelines to assess body fat mass and distribution simultaneously in Chinese adults. Egg consumption might be beneficial for weight regulation, especially for overweight with excessive body fat/central obesity in females. Further research is warrant to establish the causal inference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many factors can contribute to the fracture of femoral neck, nutritional condition appears play a key role. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between nutritional condition and femoral neck fracture in an elderly population. A cross-sectional study was carried out among patients aged 55 years old or older, with or without femoral neck fracture. The study sample included 82 newly femoral neck fractured hospitalized patients as experimental group and 106 non-fracture out-patients as control group. Prealbumin, albumin and hemoglobin were evaluated in both femoral neck fracture group and control group. Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer (BIA) were used to analyze the body composition. Appendicular Lean Mass (aLM) and Fat Mass (FM) were analyzed in different age grade, Percentage of Body Fat (PBF) was analyzed according to Body Mass Index (BMI) level. Eight-two (male 29, female 53) patients older than 55 years old with femoral neck fracture and 106 (male 43, female 63) orthopaedic out-patients were included in this study. Albumin, prealbumin and hemoglobin in the femoral neck fracture group are significantly lower than the control group. According to the criteria for the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), the prevalence of sarcopenia in femoral neck fracture group is much higher than in the control group. As for the FM analysis, although the fat mass index in the control group is higher than that in femoral neck fracture group, we did not find any differences in terms of PBF analysis. Malnutrition contributes to the development of femoral neck fracture, according to the BIA analysis, aLM, rather than FM is a protection factor for the older people to get rid of femoral neck fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of total antioxidant capacity on resting metabolic rate (RMR) and respiratory quotient (RQ) of overweight and obese woman has been debated globally. Total Antioxidant Capacity may have an independent effect on resting metabolic rate and respiratory quotient. A study population of 263 aged 18–50 years participated in this cross-sectional study from the communities of Tehran based on cluster sampling. Dietary intake assessed by using a semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) Demographic questions. Anthropometrics measurements for each participant were done. Dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) was calculated by the 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and FRAP assay. Resting metabolic rate and respiratory quotient was measured by Indirect calorimetry. The mean DTAC of the study participants was 1251.8 (SD 893.60). There was a statistically significant relationship between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and respiratory quotient (P > 0.013). People with high dietary total antioxidant capacity have tended to show a lower RQ than those with a lower one. There was a significant correlation between DTAC and RQ for both the adjusted model for age, total energy intake, BMI, physical activity, higher DTAC diet and the crude model which were (β = 0.011; SE = 0.005; CI = −0.021_0) and (β = −3.143E-6; SE = 0; CI = 0), respectively. However, we found no correlation between the DTAC and RMR/FFM-RES (P < 0.49). Also, a significantly higher relationship was demonstrated between dietary total antioxidant capacity and intake vegetables (P ≤ 0.006), fruits (P ≤ 0.009), white meet (P ≤ 0.03) and dairy products (P ≤ 0.005). RQ is correlated with total antioxidant capacity. Increased intake of high DTAC foods may result in weight loss maintenance. This result may suggest a beneficial role of higher-DTAC diets in the prevention of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been studied for its fat mass reduction effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of CLA supplementation on body fat mass (BFM) and selected blood lipid profiles among overweight Iranian. Methods: A total of 180 adults with BMI = 26-29 kg/m2 and BFM exceeding 21% and 28% for men and women, respectively were recruited through voluntary participation from weight management clinics in Tehran. They were assigned randomly to three groups as follows: Group (1) (control group) receives weight loss diet only; Group (2) receives weight loss diet +3 gr/day CLA supplement (mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) twice a day and Group (3) weight loss diet +3 gr/day CLA supplement as Group (2) twice a day + regular exercise (walking at 5.5-6 km/h for at least 160 minutes/week). The trial was conducted for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements and blood lipid profiles were determined at weeks 0, 6 and 12. Results: Both Group 2 and Group 3 showed a significant between-group difference in reduction of BFM (1.3% and 2.6% respectively) compared to Group 1. Group 2 supplementation showed increased free fatty acid (FFA) (0.44 mM to 0.55 mM) and decreased HDL-chol (47.5 mg/dL to 42.0 mg/dL) between weeks 0 and 12. These results were not observed for Group 3. Conclusion: Combination of CLA supplementation with exercise showed BFM reduction in overweight Iranian adults. Further research is suggested to verify the findings of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Observational studies explore the association between vitamin B12 and obesity. However, causality is not reflected by such observations. We performed a bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) study to elucidate the causal relationship of vitamin B12 and homocysteine (Hcy) with life course adiposity and body composition. Two-sample MR analysis was conducted. Independent genetic variants associated with vitamin B12 and Hcy from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were utilized as genetic instruments, and their causal effects on five life course adiposity phenotypes (birth weight, body mass index (BMI), childhood BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio) and three body compositions (body fat mass, body fat-free mass, body fat percentage) were estimated from UK Biobank, other consortia, and large-scale GWASs. The inverse variance weighting (IVW, main analysis), bi-directional MR, and other six sensitivity MR analyses were performed. Genetically proxied higher vitamin B12 concentrations were robustly associated with reduced BMI (Beta = −0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.016 to −0.004, P = 7.60E-04), body fat mass (Beta = −0.012, 95%CI -0.018 to −0.007, P = 1.69E-05), and body fat percentage (Beta = −0.005, 95%CI -0.009 to −0.002, P = 4.12E-03) per SD unit by IVW and other sensitivity analyses. Stratification analysis showed that these results remained significant in females and at different body sites (all P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). Bi-directional analyses showed no reverse causation. This study provides strong evidence for the causal effect of vitamin B12 on adiposity. This gives novel clues for intervening obesity in public health and nutrition. • Higher serum vitamin B12 concentrations result in reduced body mass index (BMI), body fat mass, and body fat percentage. • Higher serum vitamin B12 concentrations could contribute to reduced body fat mass in different body sites. • This study is supported by additional sensitivity analyses and bioinformatics analysis. • A better understanding of the relationship between vitamin B12 and adiposity and body composition may help improve health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subjects with Turner syndrome (TS) are at increased risk of metabolic disorders. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in TS and compare the metabolic profiles of subjects with respect to their X chromosome dosage. Sixty-four TS subjects with a mean age of 19 ± 4.9 years were included, and the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities was assessed. Out of these, 54 age and body mass index-matched TS subjects were divided into two groups based on karyotype: 45,X and 45,X/46,XX (group I; n = 33) and 46,X,i(X)(q10) and 45,X/46,X,i(X)(q10) (group II; n = 21). They were compared for blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance (IR) and β cell function (HOMA-β), lipid profile, and percent total body fat mass (PTBFM) to assess if an extra copy of Xq contributes to a different metabolic profile. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 7.8%. 12% of subjects had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), and 16% had higher diastolic blood pressure for age. 53% had a deranged lipid profile. Significant differences were noted in the two groups, with higher prevalence in group II vs. group I for SBP (p = 0.03), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (p = 0.03), and PTBFM (p = 0.02). When we applied a multiple regression analysis for these outcome variables while adjusting for potential confounders known to influence the cardiometabolic risk profile in TS, karyotype no longer remained a significant independent variable. Extra copies of Xq do not contribute to an adverse metabolic risk profile. • Adds data on the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in young adults with Turner syndrome from the Indian subcontinent. • Metabolic profile of age and body mass index-matched TS subjects with karyotypes 45,X and 46,X,i(X)(q10) were compared. • Extra copies of Xq in TS subjects with iso Xq do not contribute to an adverse metabolic risk profile when compared to 45,X. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessment of body fat mass is precise and highly correlated with under water weighing. In view of ethnic differences, we undertook this study to prepare normative data for body fat mass in apparently healthy adult Indians and correlate it with body mass index (BMI). This cross-sectional population-based study included 2347 subjects (male: 924; female: 1423) aged >20 yr who participated in a general health examination. They were evaluated for anthropometry and body fat mass by DXA. All subjects were categorized as overweight and obese based on standard BMI criteria. Mean age and BMI were 49.1 ± 18.2yr and 25.0 ± 4.7kg/m2, respectively. Mean percent total and regional fat (trunk, arm, and leg) reached maximum in the age group of 30–40yr in males and 50–60yr in females. Females had significantly higher total and regional fat mass compared with males. Fat mass was positively correlated with age (r = 0.224; p < 0.00001) and BMI (r = 0.668; p < 0.00001). Prevalence of overweight and obesity was seen in 2119 (46.1%) and 536 (13.8%), respectively, according to World Health Organization definition and 64.0% and 31.1%, respectively, as per Indian guidelines. Percent total body fat mass (PTBFM) of 25% in males and 30% in females corresponds to BMI of 22.0kg/m2 with sensitivity of >80% and specificity of >70% in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Body fat mass in Indians is higher than that in Western populations for a given age and BMI. PTBFM of 25% in males and 30% in females corresponds to BMI of 22kg/m2 in Indians. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The fundamental measure of health status and capacity of efort for non-athletes people is by determinating the body composition. The procent of adipose tissue variates depending on age, sex, energy. For non-athletes people is important determinating the body composition in order to corectly apreciate the nutritional status and capacity of effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydration status is a preliminary factor that influences the body composition assessment using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The present study aims to determine the hydration status on body fat mass and fat free mass in a sample of athletes and non-athletes by bioelectrical impedance analysis and comparing with airdisplacement plethysmography . Body fat mass and fat free mass of 10 athletes and 22 non-athletes aged 18-30 years old were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis and air-displacement plethysmography. Hydration status was determined using Urine Specific Gravity by a refractometer. T-test was performed to analyze significant differences between variable and correlation coefficient test were performed using Spearman's rho. Body fat mass and fat free mass were found significantly different (p < 0.01) between athletes and non-athletes. Significant difference was observed in overall body fat mass(p < 0.01) and fat free mass (p < 0.05) assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis in different hydration states (hydrated and dehydrated). No significant difference was found in body fat mass and fat free mass of athletes assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis in different hydration states. Non-athletes showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in body fat mass and fat free mass measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis in different hydration states. No significant difference was observed in fat free mass and body fat mass in males assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis in different hydration state whereas significant difference was found in females (p < 0.05). Body fat mass and fat free mass were found to be comparable as measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and air-displacement plethysmography in both hydration states. Air-displacement plethysmography showed no significant in body fat mass and fat free mass measurements in different hydration states comparing to bioelectrical impedance analysis. However hydration status was found to be significantly affecting body fat mass and fat free mass analysis using bioelectrical impedance analysis in non-athletes and athletes. Factors such as Body Mass Index, age and hydration status need to be taken into consideration to avoid unreliable results. Large number of subjects will be able to show better significant difference between the measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fundamental measure of health status and capacity of efort for non-athletes people is by determinating the body composition. The procent of adipose tissue variates depending on age, sex, energy. For non-athletes people is important determinating the body composition in order to corectly apreciate the nutritional status and capacity of effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The effects of catechin-enriched green tea on Chinese adults with a high proportion of abdominal visceral fat were evaluated. Subjects (118) were randomly assigned to consume daily a beverage containing 609.3mg catechins and 68.7mg caffeine or a control beverage for 12weeks. Abdominal fat area, body weight and composition were measured at week 0, week 8, and week 12. One hundred and four subjects completed the trial. Average visceral fat area, body weight, and body fat were reduced significantly by catechin-enriched green tea treatment but these effects were not seen in the control group with per-protocol sets analysis. The decrease at week 12 in the visceral fat area in the catechin group was greater than that in the control group (P =0.04). Thus, consumption of the catechin-enriched green tea beverage for 12weeks induced visceral fat loss in Chinese adults with a high proportion of abdominal visceral fat. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of medical disorder that increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Aims and objective: Objective of the study was to determine the metabolic syndrome in prediabetic subjects to know whether this syndrome, which is common in diabetic subjects, appears in earlier stage of the disease. Materials and methods: A group of 17 IFG, 60 IGT, 29 combined IFG–IGT and 68 type 2 DM subjects were studied along with a group of 56 healthy controls. Anthropometric and clinical characteristics were measured using appropriate methods. Serum glucose was measured using glucose-oxidase method; lipid profile by enzymatic–colorimetric method. Results: Waist hip ratio (WHR) was significantly higher in IFG–IGT and type 2 DM subjects. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in IFG–IGT and diastolic blood pressure is significantly higher in IGT, IFG–IGT and type 2 DM compared to controls. Fasting serum TG (p =0.008) and cholesterol (p =0.001) level was significantly higher in type 2 DM subjects but the values were not significantly different in prediabetic subjects compared to controls. HOMA B% and HOMA S% were significantly lower in DM and IFG–IGT subjects, IFG subjects have also shown significantly lower HOMA B% compared to controls. Conclusion: These results indicate that hypertension, central obesity (WHR) and insulin resistance, three major factors for metabolic syndrome are present in prediabetic condition in a Bangladeshi population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. Gymnica is the property of Palacky University in Olomouc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a study which investigates the effects of continuous uptake of vinegar on serum triglyceride (TGL) levels, body weight, and abdominal fat areas in Japanese obese. The study is comprised of obese Japanese subjects who accounted for a healthy body weight one month before the study was done. The subjects were designated to similar groups such as body mass index (BMI) and body weight. The study shows that daily uptake of vinegar could be utile for metabolic syndrome prevention.

Zinc deficiency is related to lean body mass reduction, fat deposition, and obesity. Zinc acts in catalytic, structural, and regulatory functions, being an essential micronutrient to humans. It is crucial for maintaining lean body mass, synthesizing nucleic acids and proteins, and forming new tissues. Pre-existing zinc deficiency may contribute to obesity due to its relationship with fat deposition associated with short stature. This integrative review aims to analyze the association between zinc and body composition, hitherto very poorly established in previous studies. The electronic databases utilized in this review were PubMed and Web of Science. We identified titles and abstracts from 1178 articles relating to zinc and body composition that were published in the last ten years. After duplicates were removed, the reference lists of relevant reviews were checked, and 47 articles were obtained by manual search. The articles were transversal or longitudinal studies, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis. Although there was heterogeneity among the methodologies, the existence of an association between zinc and body composition was predominant among the studies. All articles concluded that zinc had positive effects on proteogenesis. Moreover, zinc metabolism is dysregulated in obese individuals, whose mechanisms remain controversial. • Exist association between zinc and body composition was predominant among studies. • All studies show the beneficial effect of zinc on lean mass. • Zinc metabolism is dysregulated in obese individuals. • The impact on lipid metabolism remains controversial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While reports indicate the association between obesity and back pain, its mechanism is still unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of weight and its components on back pain in middle-aged women while considering direct mechanical and indirect effects via inflammatory and metabolic parameters. We used data from the Chingford 1000 Women Study, two follow-ups seven years apart. We assessed effects of weight, body mass index (BMI), total fat mass (TFM), total lean mass (TLM) and total bone mineral density (TBMD), measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, on back pain episode. We used inflammatory (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha) and metabolic parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose) as mediators of indirect effects. We investigated associations of interest cross-sectionally and longitudinally using binary logistic regression and parallel mediation model. We included 826 Chingford middle-aged women (mean age=60.7, SD=5.9) from the first used follow-up in cross-sectional and mediation analyses and 645 women that attended the follow-up seven years later, in longitudinal analyses. We found that increased weight was directly associated with increased odds of having back pain episode (OR=1.02; 95% CI 1.01–1.03), similarly as BMI (OR=1.05; 95% CI 1.02–1.08) and TFM (OR=1.03; 95% CI 1.01–1.04) consistently across the cross-sectional and longitudinal models, but not TLM or TBMD. However, we did not find consistent indirect effects of weight or its components through measured inflammatory or metabolic parameters on back pain. Our results show that in middle-aged women, weight, BMI and TFM are directly related to back pain, indicating prominence of mechanical loading effect. [Display omitted] • Increased body weight increases the odds of experiencing a back pain episode. • The effect of body weight on back pain is direct. • CRP, IL-6 and TNFα do not mediate the indirect effects of body weight on back pain. • Mediators are not blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol or blood glucose. • Weight reduction could decrease obesity-related effect of bodyweight on back pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternate-day fasting (ADF) is related to weight reduction, lowered risks of weight regain, and relative lean body mass preservation compared to continuous energy restriction. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of ADF on obesity-related factors and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults. Using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane online databases, an electronic search was performed. Randomized controlled trials were investigated to evaluate ADF effects on body mass index (BMI), body weight (BW), waist circumference, body fat mass (FM), lean body mass, and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults aged ≥18 years. By utilizing a random-effects model, meta-analyses to assess weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed for eight randomized controlled trials (total participants = 728). We observed significant effects of ADF for BMI (WMD −0.73 kg/m2, 95% CI −1.13 to −0.34), FM (WMD −1.27 kg, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.46), and total cholesterol (WMD −8.14 mg/dL, 95% CI −14.59 to −1.69). Subgroup analyses indicated that significant intervention effects were observed for BMI, BW, FM, and total cholesterol when compared to the control, the participants were overweight, and the study duration was <6 months. ADF is effective in reducing waist circumference in adults aged ≥40 years with obesity. However, there was no difference between ADF and continuous energy restriction, time-restricted feeding, or control with regard to lean body mass. Current evidence suggests that ADF effectively lowers BMI, BW, FM, and total cholesterol in adults with overweight within 6 months compared to the control. • Alternate-day fasting (ADF) lowers body mass index in adults with overweight within 6 months compared to the control. • ADF lowers body weight, body fat, and total cholesterol in adults with overweight within 6 months compared to the control. • ADF lowers waist circumference in adults 40 years of age or older with obesity. • However, ADF does not lower lean body mass compared to continuous energy restriction, time-restricted feeding, or control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]