20 results on '"Bowers, Charles W."'
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2. On-orbit JWST backgrounds from stray light and thermal emission
- Author
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Coyle, Laura E., Matsuura, Shuji, Perrin, Marshall D., Smith, Erin C., Rigby, Jane R., McElwain, Michael W., Bowers, Charles W., Kimble, Randy A., Stark, Christopher C., Lightsey, Paul A., Garcia Martin, Macarena, Glasse, Alistair C. H., Sunnquist, Ben, Brooks, Brian, and Boyer, Martha L.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Status of the James Webb Space Telescope mission
- Author
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Lystrup, Makenzie, Perrin, Marshall D., McElwain, Michael W., Feinberg, Lee D., Kimble, Randy A., Bowers, Charles W., Knight, J. Scott, Niedner, Malcolm B., Perrin, Marshall D., Rigby, Jane R., Smith, Erin C., Stark, Christopher C., and Mather, John C.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. James Webb Space Telescope optical stability lessons learned for future great observatories
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Feinberg, Lee D., McElwain, Michael W., Bowers, Charles W., Johnston, John D., Mosier, Gary E., Kimble, Randy A., Levi, Joshua S., Lightsey, Paul, Scott Knight, J., Bluth, Marcel, Jurling, Alden S., Levine, Marie B., Scott Acton, D., Atkinson, Charles, Barto, Allison, Bergkoetter, Matthew D., Brady, Gregory R., Carey, Larkin, Cohen, Lester, Coyle, Laura, Dean, Bruce H., Eisenhower, Michael, Flagey, Nicolas, Hartig, George F., Havey, Keith A., Hicks, Brian, Howard, Joseph M., Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Matthews, Gary W., Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael T., Park, Sang, Perrin, Marshall D., Pueyo, Laurent, Quesnel, Lisbeth, Reynolds, Paul, Rigby, Jane R., Saif, Babak N., Stark, Christopher C., Telfer, Randal, Texter, Scott C., Van Campen, Julie M., Vila, Begoña, West, Garrett, Wolf, Erin, Whitman, Tony L., and Zielinski, Thomas P.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission
- Author
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Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-Huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-Márquez, Javier, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Bernier, Antoine-Darveau, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boegner Jr, Martin E., Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, de Chambure, Daniel, de Jong, Pauline, De Marchi, Guido, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, DePriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, DiFelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-Warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Douglas, Robert E., Jr, Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., DuPrie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., El Hamel, Zaky, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-Héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., García Marín, Macarena, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karoline, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Isaacs III, John C., Jackson Jr, Wallace C., Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, LeAndrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-Platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, LaMassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, LaVerghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-Ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-Kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, XiaoLi, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-Caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-Pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., G. Flores Lui, Sarah Marie, Lund III, James M., Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., MacDonald, Alex J., MacDonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., McBrayer, Glen A., McCarthy, Donald W., McCaughrean, Mark J., McClare, Leslie A., McClare, Michael D., McCloskey, John C., McClurg, Taylore D., McCoy, Martin, McElwain, Michael W., McGregor, Roy D., McGuffey, Douglas B., McKay, Andrew G., McKenzie, William K., McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, McNeil, Warren, De Meester, Wim, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-Martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., R. Myers, Fred Richard, Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, Nota, Antonella, O’Mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O’Brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O’Shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O’Sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N.-Q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Pattishall Jr, Robert A., Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-Guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Quispe Neira, Irma Aracely, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia J., Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Gregory L., Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., del Pino, Bruno Rodríguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Romo Jr, Felipe P., Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-Christophe, Samara-Ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-Deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, Christine E., Slowinski, Steven E., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, Eric P., Smith, Erin C., Smith, Koby, Smith, Robert, Smith, Stephanie J., Smolik, John L., Soderblom, David R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Sokol, Jeff, Sonneborn, George, Sontag, Christopher D., Sooy, Peter R., Soummer, Remi, Southwood, Dana M., Spain, Kay, Sparmo, Joseph, Speer, David T., Spencer, Richard, Sprofera, Joseph D., Stallcup, Scott S., Stanley, Marcia K., Stansberry, John A., Stark, Christopher C., Starr, Carl W., Stassi, Diane Y., Steck, Jane A., Steeley, Christine D., Stephens, Matthew A., Stephenson, Ralph J., Stewart, Alphonso C., Stiavelli, Massimo, Jr, Hervey Stockman, Strada, Paolo, Straughn, Amber N., Streetman, Scott, Strickland, David Kendal, Strobele, Jingping F., Stuhlinger, Martin, Stys, Jeffrey Edward, Such, Miguel, Sukhatme, Kalyani, Sullivan, Joseph F., Sullivan, Pamela C., Sumner, Sandra M., Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Benjamin Dale, Swade, Daryl Allen, Swam, Michael S., Swenton, Diane F., Swoish, Robby A., Tam Litten, Oi In, Tamas, Laszlo, Tao, Andrew, Taylor, David K., Taylor, Joanna M., Plate, Maurice te, Van Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly K., Telfer, Randal C., Temim, Tea, Texter, Scott C., Thatte, Deepashri G., Thompson, Christopher Lee, Thompson, Linda M., Thomson, Shaun R., Thronson, Harley, Tierney, C. M., Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tinnin, Lee, Tippet, William Thomas, Todd, Connor William, Tran, Hien D., Trauger, John, Trejo, Edwin Gregorio, Vinh Truong, Justin Hoang, Tsukamoto, Christine L., Tufail, Yasir, Tumlinson, Jason, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael A., Vaclavik, Steven, Valenduc, Frida, Valenti, Jeff A., Van Campen, Julie, van de Wetering, Inge, Van Der Marel, Roeland P., van Haarlem, Remy, Vandenbussche, Bart, van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Vanterpool, Dona D., Vernoy, Michael R., Vila Costas, Maria Begoña, Volk, Kevin, Voorzaat, Piet, Voyton, Mark F., Vydra, Ekaterina, Waddy, Darryl J., Waelkens, Christoffel, Wahlgren, Glenn Michael, Walker Jr, Frederick E., Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine K., Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Francis C., Wasiak, Matthew F., Wehner, James, Weiler, Kevin R., Weilert, Mark, Weiss, Stanley B., Wells, Martyn, Welty, Alan D., Wheate, Lauren, Wheeler, Thomas P., White, Christy L., Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer Margaret, Whitman, William Russell, Williams, Christina C., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-Rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, and Zondag, Elisabeth
- Abstract
Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least 4 m. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the 6.5 m James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 yr, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission: Optical Telescope Element Design, Development, and Performance
- Author
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McElwain, Michael W., Feinberg, Lee D., Perrin, Marshall D., Clampin, Mark, Mountain, C. Matt, Lallo, Matthew D., Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Kimble, Randy A., Bowers, Charles W., Stark, Christopher C., Acton, D. Scott, Atkinson, Charles, Barinek, Beth, Barto, Allison, Basinger, Scott, Beck, Tracy, Bergkoetter, Matthew D., Bluth, Marcel, Boucarut, Rene A., Brady, Gregory R., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Byard, John, Carey, Larkin, Carrasquilla, Maria, Chae, Dan, Chaney, David, Chayer, Pierre, Chonis, Taylor, Cohen, Lester, Cole, Helen J., Comeau, Thomas M., Coon, Matthew, Coppock, Eric, Coyle, Laura, Dean, Bruce H., Dziak, Kenneth J., Eisenhower, Michael, Flagey, Nicolas, Franck, Randy, Gallagher, Benjamin, Gilman, Larry, Glassman, Tiffany, Green, Joseph J., Grieco, John, Haase, Shari, Hadjimichael, Theodore J., Hagopian, John G., Hahn, Walter G., Hartig, George F., Havey, Keith A., Hayden, William L., Hellekson, Robert, Hicks, Brian, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Howard, Joseph M., Huguet, Jesse A., Jahne, Brian, Johnson, Leslie A., Johnston, John D., Jurling, Alden S., Kegley, Jeffrey R., Kennard, Scott, Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Knight, J. Scott, Kulp, Bernard A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lightsey, Paul, Luetgens, Robert A., Mather, John C., Matthews, Gary W., McKay, Andrew G., Mehalick, Kimberly I., Meléndez, Marcio, Mosier, Gary E., Murphy, Jess, Nelan, Edmund P., Niedner, Malcolm B., Nol, Darin M., Ohara, Catherine M., Ohl, Raymond G., Olczak, Eugene, Osborne, Shannon B., Park, Sang, Perrygo, Charles, Pueyo, Laurent, Redding, David C., Regan, Michael W., Reynolds, Paul, Rifelli, Rich, Rigby, Jane R., Sabatke, Derek, Saif, Babak N., Scorse, Thomas R., Seo, Byoung-Joon, Shi, Fang, Sigrist, Norbert, Smith, Koby, Smith, J. Scott, Smith, Erin C., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Stahl, H. Philip, Telfer, Randal, Terlecki, Todd, Texter, Scott C., Van Buren, David, Van Campen, Julie M., Vila, Begoña, Voyton, Mark F., Waldman, Mark, Walker, Chanda B., Weiser, Nick, Wells, Conrad, West, Garrett, Whitman, Tony L., Wolf, Erin, and Zielinski, Thomas P.
- Abstract
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared space telescope that has recently started its science program which will enable breakthroughs in astrophysics and planetary science. Notably, JWST will provide the very first observations of the earliest luminous objects in the universe and start a new era of exoplanet atmospheric characterization. This transformative science is enabled by a 6.6 m telescope that is passively cooled with a 5 layer sunshield. The primary mirror is comprised of 18 controllable, low areal density hexagonal segments, that were aligned and phased relative to each other in orbit using innovative image-based wave front sensing and control algorithms. This revolutionary telescope took more than two decades to develop with a widely distributed team across engineering disciplines. We present an overview of the telescope requirements, architecture, development, superb on-orbit performance, and lessons learned. JWST successfully demonstrates a segmented aperture space telescope and establishes a path to building even larger space telescopes.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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7. Stray light field dependence for large astronomical space telescopes
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MacEwen, Howard A., Breckinridge, James B., Lightsey, Paul A., and Bowers, Charles W.
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- 2017
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8. How Dark the Sky: The JWST Backgrounds
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Rigby, Jane R., Lightsey, Paul A., García Marín, Macarena, Bowers, Charles W., Smith, Erin C., Glasse, Alistair, McElwain, Michael W., Rieke, George H., Chary, Ranga-Ram, Liu, Xiang (Cate), Clampin, Mark, Kimble, Randy A., Kinzel, Wayne, Laidler, Vicki, Mehalick, Kimberly I., Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, Shivaei, Irene, Skelton, Dennis, Stark, Christopher, Temim, Tea, Wei, Zongying, and Willott, Chris J.
- Abstract
We describe the sources of stray light and thermal background that affect JWST observations, report actual backgrounds as measured from commissioning and early-science observations, compare these background levels to prelaunch predictions, estimate the impact of the backgrounds on science performance, and explore how the backgrounds probe the achieved configuration of the deployed observatory. We find that for almost all applications, the observatory is limited by the irreducible astrophysical backgrounds, rather than scattered stray light and thermal self-emission, for all wavelengths λ< 12.5 μm, thus meeting the level 1 requirement. This result was not assured given the open architecture and thermal challenges of JWST, and it is the result of meticulous attention to stray light and thermal issues in the design, construction, integration, and test phases. From background considerations alone, JWST will require less integration time in the near-infrared compared to a system that just met the stray-light requirements; as such, JWST will be even more powerful than expected for deep imaging at 1–5 μm. In the mid-infrared, the measured thermal backgrounds closely match prelaunch predictions. The background near 10 μm is slightly higher than predicted before launch, but the impact on observations is mitigated by the excellent throughput of MIRI, such that instrument sensitivity will be as good as expected prelaunch. These measured background levels are fully compatible with JWST’s science goals and the Cycle 1 science program currently underway.
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- 2023
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9. Determination of emissivities of key thermo-optical surfaces on the James Webb Space Telescope
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Oschmann, Jacobus M., Clampin, Mark, Fazio, Giovanni G., MacEwen, Howard A., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Adamson, Joshua, Harpole, George, Macias, Matthew, Niedner, Malcolm B., Bowers, Charles W., Mehalick, Kimberly I., and Lightsey, Paul
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- 2014
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10. Stray light performance for the James Webb Space Telescope
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Oschmann, Jacobus M., Clampin, Mark, Fazio, Giovanni G., MacEwen, Howard A., Lightsey, Paul A., Wei, Zongying, Skelton, Dennis L., Bowers, Charles W., Mehalick, Kimberly I., Thomson, Shaun R., Knollenberg, Perry, and Arenberg, Jonathan W.
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- 2014
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11. Diverse electron-induced optical emissions from space observatory materials at low temperatures
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Heaney, James B., Kvamme, E. T., Dennison, J. R., Evans Jensen, Amberly, Wilson, Gregory, Dekany, Justin, Bowers, Charles W., and Meloy, Robert
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- 2013
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12. Properties of cathodoluminescence for cryogenic applications of SiO2-based space observatory optics and coatings
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Heaney, James B., Kvamme, E. T., Evans Jensen, Amberly, Dennison, J.R., Wilson, Gregory, Dekany, Justin, Bowers, Charles W., Meloy, Robert, and Heaney, James B.
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- 2013
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13. The Dearth of UV-Bright Stars in M32: Implications for Stellar Evolution Theory
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Brown, Thomas M., Smith, Ed, Ferguson, Henry C., Sweigart, Allen V., Kimble, Randy A., and Bowers, Charles W.
- Abstract
Using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope, we have obtained deep, far-ultraviolet images of the compact elliptical galaxy M32. When combined with earlier near-ultraviolet images of the same field, these data enable the construction of an ultraviolet color-magnitude diagram of the hot horizontal branch (HB) population and other hot stars in late phases of stellar evolution. We find few post-asymptotic giant branch (PAGB) stars in the galaxy, implying that these stars either cross the H-R diagram more rapidly than expected, and/or that they spend a significant fraction of their time enshrouded in circumstellar material. The predicted luminosity gap between the hot HB and its AGB-manque (AGBM) progeny is less pronounced than expected, especially when compared to evolutionary tracks with enhanced helium abundances, implying that the presence of hot HB stars in this metal-rich population is not due to D Y/D Z[?] 4. Only a small fraction (~2%) of the HB population is hot enough to produce significant UV emission, yet most of the UV emission in this galaxy comes from the hot HB and AGBM stars, implying that PAGB stars are not a significant source of UV emission, even in those elliptical galaxies with a weak UV excess.
- Published
- 2008
14. Diversity selection for phase-diverse phase retrieval
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Dean, Bruce H. and Bowers, Charles W.
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Wavefront-sensing performance is assessed for focus-diverse phase retrieval as the aberration spatial frequency and the diversity defocus are varied. The analysis includes analytical predictions for optimal diversity values corresponding to the recovery of a dominant spatial-frequency component in the pupil. The calculation is shown to be consistent with the Cramér–Rao lower bound by considering a sensitivity analysis of the point-spread function to the spatial frequency being estimated. A maximum value of diversity defocus is also calculated, beyond which wavefront-sensing performance decreases as diversity defocus is increased. The results are shown to be consistent with the Talbot imaging phenomena, explaining multiple periodic regions of maximum and minimum contrast as a function of aberration spatial frequency and defocus. Wavefront-sensing performance for an iterative-transform phase-retrieval algorithm is also considered as diversity defocus and aberration spatial frequency are varied.
- Published
- 2003
15. Removing the Fringes from Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Slitless SpectraBased on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. Funding of this activity was through the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Guaranteed Time Observations.
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Malumuth, Eliot M., Hill, Robert S., Gull, Ted, Woodgate, Bruce E., Bowers, Charles W., Kimble, Randy A., Lindler, Don, Plait, Phil, and Blouke, Morley
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Using what is known about the physical and chemical structure of the CCD detector on the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and over 50 calibration images taken with different wavelength mappings onto the detector, we have devised a model function that allows us to predict the fringing of any spectral image taken with the STIS CCD. This function is especially useful for spectra taken without a slit with the G750L grating. The STIS parallel observing program uses this "slitless spectroscopy" mode extensively. The arbitrary mapping of wavelength versus position that results from each source's chance position in the field renders direct calibration of the fringe amplitudes in this mode impossible. However, we find that correcting observed data using our semiempirical fringing model produces a substantial reduction in the fringe amplitudes. Tests using the flux calibration white dwarf standard G191-B2B show that we can reduce the fringe amplitude in the 9000-10000 Å region from about 20% peak to peak (10% rms) to about 4% peak to peak (2% rms) using the model, while a standard calibration using a "fringe flat" reduces the fringe amplitudes to 3.3% peak to peak (1.7% rms). The same technique is applicable to other astronomical CCDs.
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- 2003
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16. Redshift Estimation from Low-Resolution Prism Spectral Energy Distributions with a Next Generation Space TelescopeMultiobject Spectrograph
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Teplitz, Harry I., Malumuth, Eliot, Woodgate, Bruce E., Moseley, S. Harvey, Gardner, Jonathan P., Kimble, Randy A., Bowers, Charles W., Kutyrev, Alexander S., Fettig, Rainer K., Wesenberg, Richard P., and Mentzell, Eric E.
- Abstract
We discuss the utility of a low-resolution prism as a component of a multiobject spectrometer for NASA's proposed Next Generation Space Telescope(NGST). Low-resolution prism spectroscopy permits simultaneous observation of the 0.6-5 ?m wavelength regime at R?50. Such data can take advantage of modern techniques in spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting to determine source redshifts, sometimes called "photometric redshifts." We compare simulated prism observations with filter imaging for this purpose with NGST. Low-resolution prism observations of galaxy SEDs provide a significant advantage over multifilter observations for any realistic observing strategy. For an ideal prism in sky background-limited observing, the prism has a signal-to-noise ratio advantage of the square root of the resolution over serial observations by filters with similar spatial and spectral resolution in equal integration time. For a realistic case the advantage is slightly less, and we have performed extensive simulations to quantify it. We define strict criteria for the recovery of input redshifts, such that to be considered a success, redshift residuals must be ?z<0.03 + 0.1log z. The simulations suggest that in 105s, a realistic prism will recover (by our definition of success) the redshift of ?70% of measured objects (subject to multiobject spectrograph selection) at KAB<32, compared to less than 45% of the objects with serial filter observations. The advantage of the prism is larger in the regime of faint (KAB>30) objects at high redshift (z>4), where the prism recovers 80% of redshifts, while the filters recover barely 35% to similar accuracy. The primary discovery space of NGSTwill be at the faintest magnitudes and the highest redshifts. Many important objects will be too faint for follow-up at higher spectral resolution, so prism observations are the optimal technique to study them. Prism observations also reduce the contamination of high-redshift samples by lower redshift interlopers.
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- 2000
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17. Detection and Photometry of Hot Horizontal Branch Stars in the Core of M32
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Brown, Thomas M., Bowers, Charles W., Kimble, Randy A., Sweigart, Allen V., and Ferguson, Henry C.
- Abstract
We present the deepest near-UV image of M32 to date, which for the first time resolves hot horizontal branch (HB) stars in an elliptical galaxy. Given the near-solar metallicity of M32, much larger than that of globular clusters, the existence of an extended horizontal branch is a striking example of the second parameter effect, and, most importantly, provides direct evidence that hot HB stars and their progeny are the major contributors to the UV upturn phenomenon observed in elliptical galaxies. Our image, obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS), detects approximately 8000 stars in a 25'' x 25'' field, centered 7.''7 from the galaxy nucleus. These stars span a range of 21-28 mag in the STMAG system, and in the deepest parts of the image, our catalog is reasonably complete (>25%) to a magnitude of 27. The hot HB spans a magnitude range of 25-27 mag at effective temperatures hotter than 8500 K. We interpret this near-UV luminosity function with an extensive set of HB and post-HB evolutionary tracks. Although the UV-to-optical flux ratio in M32 is weak enough to be explained solely by the presence of post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) stars, our image conclusively demonstrates that it arises from a small fraction ([?]5%) of the population passing through the hot HB phase. The production of these hot HB stars does not appear to rely upon dynamical mechanisms--mechanisms that may play a role in the HB morphology of globular clusters. The majority of the population presumably evolves through the red HB and subsequent post-AGB phases; however, we see far fewer UV-bright stars than expected from the lifetimes of canonical hydrogen-burning low-mass post-AGB tracks. There are several possible explanations: (1) the transition from AGB to Teff > 60,000 K could be much more rapid than previously thought; (2) the vast majority of the post-AGB stars could be evolving along helium-burning tracks; (3) the post-AGB stars could be surrounded by circumstellar dust during the transition from the AGB to Teff > 60,000 K.
- Published
- 2000
18. Optical absorption of surfaces modified by carbon filaments
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Bowers, Charles W., Culver, Roger B., Solberg, William A., and Spain, Ian L.
- Abstract
The reflectivities of modified carbon, silicon, and quartz surfaces have been measured from 1 to 25-μm wavelengths. Surfaces were modified by either bombarding carbon surfaces with ∼1000-eV Ar^+ ions or growing carbon filaments on them by catalytic chemical vapor deposition from hydrocarbon/hydrogen mixtures. The surfaces were highly absorbing through most of this wavelength region with most surfaces showing a rise in reflectivity beyond ∼15 μm. The reflectivity of one modified Si surface was below 1% throughout the entire wavelength region and may be the most highly absorbing surface yet found.
- Published
- 1987
19. Optical testing and verification methods for the James Webb Space Telescope Integrated Science Instrument Module element
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Sasián, José, Youngworth, Richard N., Antonille, Scott R., Miskey, Cherie L., Ohl, Raymond G., Rohrbach, Scott O., Aronstein, David L., Bartoszyk, Andrew E., Bowers, Charles W., Cofie, Emmanuel, Collins, Nicholas R., Comber, Brian J., Eichhorn, William L., Glasse, Alistair C., Gracey, Renee, Hartig, George F., Howard, Joseph M., Kelly, Douglas M., Kimble, Randy A., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kubalak, David A., Landsman, Wayne B., Lindler, Don J., Malumuth, Eliot M., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Rieke, Marcia J., Rowlands, Neil, Sabatke, Derek S., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, J. Scott, Sullivan, Joseph F., Telfer, Randal C., Te Plate, Maurice, Vila, M. Begoña, Warner, Gerry D., Wright, David, Wright, Raymond H., Zhou, Julia, and Zielinski, Thomas P.
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- 2016
- Full Text
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20. Extending CO2cryogenic aerosol cleaning for advanced optical and EUV mask cleaning
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Varghese, Ivin, Bowers, Charles W., and Balooch, Mehdi
- Abstract
Cryogenic CO2aerosol cleaning being a dry, chemically-inert and residue-free process is used in the production of optical lithography masks. It is an attractive cleaning option for the mask industry to achieve the requirement for removal of all printable soft defects and repair debris down to the 50nm printability specification. In the technique, CO2clusters are formed by sudden expansion of liquid from high to almost atmospheric pressure through an optimally designed nozzle orifice. They are then directed on to the soft defects or debris for momentum transfer and subsequent damage free removal from the mask substrate. Unlike aggressive acid based wet cleaning, there is no degradation of the mask after processing with CO2, i.e., no critical dimension (CD) change, no transmission/phase losses, or chemical residue that leads to haze formation. Therefore no restriction on number of cleaning cycles is required to be imposed, unlike other cleaning methods. CO2aerosol cleaning has been implemented for several years as full mask final clean in production environments at several state of the art mask shops. Over the last two years our group reported successful removal of all soft defects without damage to the fragile SRAF features, zero adders (from the cleaning and handling mechanisms) down to a 50nm printability specification. In addition, CO2aerosol cleaning is being utilized to remove debris from Post-RAVE repair of hard defects in order to achieve the goal of no printable defects. It is expected that CO2aerosol cleaning can be extended to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) masks. In this paper, we report advances being made in nozzle design qualification for optimum snow properties (size, velocity and flux) using Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) technique. In addition the two new areas of focus for CO2aerosol cleaning i.e. pellicle glue residue removal on optical masks, and ruthenium (Ru) film on EUV masks are presented. Usually, the residue left over after the pellicle has been removed from returned masks (after long term usage/exposure in the wafer fab), requires a very aggressive SPM wet clean, that drastically reduces the available budget for mask properties (CD, phase/transmission). We show that CO2aerosol cleaning can be utilized to remove the bulk of the glue residue effectively, while preserving the mask properties. This application required a differently designed nozzle to impart the required removal force for the sticky glue residue. A new nozzle was developed and qualified that resulted in PRE in the range of 92-98%. Results also include data on a patterned mask that was exposed in a lithography stepper in a wafer production environment. On EUV mask, our group has experimentally demonstrated that 50 CO2cleaning cycles of Ru film on the EUV Front-side resulted in no appreciable reflectivity change, implying that no degradation of the Ru film occurs.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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