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•ESBL-producing Escherichia coliwere detected in 83.3% of Vietnamese chicken farm workers.•The rate of ESBL-producing E. coliin a chicken farm was higher than in the community.•Clonal distribution of ESBL-producing E. coliwas observed only on the chicken farm.

ABSTRACTHealthy carriage of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coliwas examined by thrice collecting fecal samples from the same 199 healthy Vietnamese subjects every 6 months. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), identical PFGE patterns throughout the three samplings were not observed, although prevalence of E. coliin the subjects was around 50% in the three samplings. Our results suggested a short carriage period of the CTX-M-type ESBL-producing E. coliin healthy Vietnamese subjects.