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Infrastructure development is crucial in densely populated countries like India, which leads to high demand for construction materials such as cement and aggregate. The production of these materials is energy-intensive and has adverse effects on the environment. Sustainable construction aims to reduce energy and resource usage while maintaining the strength and durability of the concrete. Using supplementary materials in concrete to replace cement and aggregate is essential. In this study, trial mixes were prepared to determine the optimal water-to-cement ratio based on fresh concrete properties like filling ability, passing ability, segregation resistance and viscosity. Cement was then partially replaced with fly ash (FA) at 10% up to 40% intervals. The FA mix was further optimized by replacing natural fine aggregate (NFA) with processed laterite fine aggregate (PLFA) at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% to measure corrosion and bond strength properties. To conduct the testing, 150 mm cubes with centrally inserted 16 mm diameter High Yield Strength Deformed (HYSD) rebars were cast and cured in water diluted with 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) to maintain the marine environment for up to 120 days. Electrochemical tests were performed to measure corrosion properties, including Open Circuit Potential (OCP) and Tafel Plot Corrosion tests. As the corrosion tests are non-destructive, the same specimens were used for pull-out tests to measure the bond strength properties of the specimen.

The present work focused on the durability performance of copper slag (CS) and processed granulated blast furnace slag (PGBS) as a partial replacement (0% to 50%) for natural fine aggregate (NFA) in concrete, cured for 365 days. This work was carried out to determine the ingression of chloride, sulphate, and sodium ions. Compressive strength test and splitting tensile test conducted for the specimens showed that PGBS concrete attained higher strength followed by CS concrete when compared to conventional concrete. The ingression of chloride and sulphate ions decreased in both CS and PGBS concrete after 90 days of curing. Sodium ions ingression also decreased after 180 days of curing. Microstructure studies were carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM) which showed the dense formation of C–S–H gel in the matrix and high amount of Ca and Si ions in CS and PGBS concrete was observed using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The basic properties like particle size and water absorption of CS and PGBS aggregates have majorly contributed in the reduction in voids in concrete. PGBS concrete has found to be an effective alternative in terms of performance, cost, availability, and environmentally friendly when compared to already exiting CS aggregates and NFA.

Purpose: Construction industry is one of the leading causes of pollution generation in today's context. But the fact that the development of construction industry leads to the country's economic and social development cannot be unobserved. Hence, there is a need to develop a sustainable construction methodology, and while doing so, measures must be considered so as to not disturb the natural habitats. With the greater prominence shown toward the concept of green and sustainable construction developments, various tools have been developed in recent years in order to measure the performance of such sustainable and green buildings. In the Indian context, the assessment tools developed to measure the performance of the green building are found to be scanty in addressing various economic and social impacts. Design/methodology/approach: This study aims at developing a building performance score (BPS) model concerning the sustainability model built on the triple bottom priorities considering all the three vital components, viz. environmental, economic and social factors. In this study, the different phases involved in the complete life cycle of the project are recognized and then all the phases are assessed considering all the three major components mentioned in the BPS model. Findings: The outcome of this study specifies that various indicators, such as the topographical and climate change, health and safety of the construction workers, project management consultancy, risk management, security measures and solid waste management, form a chief source of a sustainable building, and these indicators are not being assessed in the existing assessment tools. Also, consideration of environmental, economic and social factors is also equally important in construction industry. Moreover, these indicators are also required to be assessed and included in the evaluation process while assessing the performance of the building. Originality/value: The BPS model developed in the study will assist to improve in assessing the building performance with respect to all indicators in the complete life cycle of the project.