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Oviductal (OF) and uterine (UF) fluids are a complex mixture of ions and macromolecules dissolved in water, derived from the secretions of secretory cells and transudates of the circulatory system. Through proteomics, OF and UF have been analyzed in different domestic species throughout the estrous cycle or during the first days of pregnancy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the volume, osmolarity, concentration and distribution pattern of proteins, as well as the identification of OVGP1, HSP70 and ezrin proteins for their importance in reproductive physiology, in OF and UF from adult criollo type domestic sheep during the early luteal phase of the estrous cycle. An average of 3.2±1.5 µL OF and 17±0.5 µL UF per reproductive system were obtained; osmolarity was 343±20.8 mOsm kg-1 and 280±96.2 mOsm kg-1 and protein concentration was 71.9±23.8 g L-1 and 21.8±1.1 g L-1, respectively. In the protein distribution pattern, 20 bands were observed in the OF and 14 bands in the UF. Of these, 14 and 8 were specific for OF and UF, respectively, and 6 were common for both. The spectra of the protein molecular weights were 24-324 and 29-353 kDa for OF and UF, respectively. The presence of OVPG1, HSP70 and Ezrin proteins in both fluids was identified, being in greater quantity in the OF (P < 0.0005). The volume recovered from the UF was five times greater than that of the OF. Both osmolarity and protein concentration were higher in OF than in UF (1.2 and 3 times higher). The pattern of protein distribution between the OF and UF was different, being more complex in the OF. OVGP1, HSP70 and ezrin were identified in the OF and UF, and were found in greater quantities in the OF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-aqueous printing of viscoelastic droplets (aaPVD) in yield-stress fluids is the core of an emerging voxelated bioprinting technology that enables the digital assembly of spherical bio-ink particles (DASP) to create functional tissue mimics. However, the mechanism of aaPVD is largely unknown. Here, by quantifying the dynamics of the whole printing process in real-time, we identify two parameters critical to aaPVD: (1) acceleration of print nozzle, and (2) droplet/nozzle diameter ratio. Moreover, we distinguish three stages associated with aaPVD: droplet generation, detachment, and relaxation. To generate a droplet of good roundness, the ink should be a highly viscous shear-thinning fluid. Using particle image velocimetry and scaling theory, we establish a universal description for the droplet displacements at various printing conditions. Along the direction of nozzle movement, the droplet displacement is determined by the detachment number, a dimensionless parameter defined as the ratio between the dragging force from the nozzle and the confinement force from the supporting matrix. Perpendicular to the direction of nozzle movement, the droplet displacement is determined by the Oldroyd number, a dimensionless parameter that describes the yielded area of the supporting matrix near the print nozzle. For a relaxed droplet, the droplet tail length is independent of droplet/nozzle diameter ratio but determined by the nozzle acceleration. We conclude that printing droplets of good fidelity requires a relatively large droplet/nozzle diameter ratio and intermediate nozzle accelerations. These ensure that the droplet is more solid-like to not flow with the nozzle to form a tadpole-like morphology and that the confinement force from the yield-stress fluid is large enough to prevent large droplet displacement. Our results provide the knowledge and tools for in situ generating and depositing highly viscoelastic droplets of good roundness at prescribed locations in 3D space, which help establish the foundational science for voxelated bioprinting. Analogues of pixels to two-dimensional (2D) pictures, voxels – in the form of small cubes or spheres – are the basic units of three-dimensional (3D) objects. All-aqueous printing of viscoelastic droplets (aaPVD) is the core of voxelated bioprinting, an emerging technology that uses spherical bio-ink voxels as building blocks to create 3D tissue mimics. Unlike existing technologies relying on the classic Rayleigh-Plateau instability to generate droplets, aaPVD exploits previously unexplored nonlinear fluid dynamics of complex fluids to precisely manipulate viscoelastic droplets in 3D space. The developed knowledge and tools not only help advance biomanufacturing but also stimulate new research directions in soft matter and complex fluids. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the complex fluid interference between outrigger and main hull, it is difficult to predict the trimaran load fluctuation accurately in different marine environments. Therefore, a timedomain Rankine method is developed to improve the accuracy of trimaran load prediction. This method successfully adds the nonlinear load components in time-domain load simulation by taking into account the factors such as instantaneous hull wetted surface, steady ship waves, green wave and slamming. Additionally, the nonlinear growth of green wave and slamming is also observed at outrigger and wet deck, with the increasing of speeds and wave heights. Finally, the relatively smaller errors in the Rankine method are confirmed by comparison with the values from a trimaran model test and linear time-domain load prediction method. Furthermore, the weakly nonlinear Rankine method is considered to be more suitable for trimaran load prediction under harsh marine environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ductwork components in ventilation systems are often installed in close proximity to each other due to space constraints. Published pressure loss coefficients are, however, only valid if there are sufficient distances between components. In this work, pressure losses of common combinations of two, three, and four bends and the addition of internal vanes were investigated with computational fluid dynamic simulations and validated with reference data. Pressure losses of combinations of bends without vanes were higher or lower than the sum of the single pressure losses of the components (combination effect), depending on the components and orientation. For bends with abrupt deflections, strong combination effects occurred; in some cases, pressure losses doubled. The spacing between the components was also a relevant factor. Combination effects were most pronounced for spacing lengths of the same order as the length of the flow separation region of the upstream bends. Consequently, certain spacer lengths were particularly unfavorable. Combination effects were found to be complex to predict and fluid simulations proved to be useful for analyzing the interactions. Adding vanes was found to be very useful. For bends and combinations with sharp deflections, the pressure loss coefficients were reduced by a factor of ten with vanes. Vanes also effectively reduced detrimental combination effects. The combination pressure losses with vanes were in all cases lower than the sum of the single components pressure losses. Pressure loss coefficients for combinations with vanes had a strong dependency on the Reynolds number. Furthermore, the downstream flow distributions were more homogeneous with vanes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health, as it can make the treatment of bacterial infections in humans difficult owing to their high incidence rate, mortality, and treatment costs. Bacteriophage, which constitutes a type of virus that can kill bacteria, is a promising alternative strategy against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Although bacteriophage therapy was first used nearly a century ago, its development came to a standstill after introducing the antibiotics. Nowadays, with the rise in antibiotic resistance, bacteriophage therapy is in the spotlight again. As bacteriophage therapy is safe and has significant anti-bacterial activity, some specific types of bacteriophages (such as bacteriophage phiX174 and Pyo bacteriophage complex liquid) entered into phase III clinical trials. Herein, we review the key points of the antibiotic resistance crisis and illustrate the factors that support the renewal of bacteriophage applications. By summarizing recent state-of-the-art studies and clinical data on bacteriophage treatment, we introduced (i) the pharmacological mechanisms and advantages of antibacterial bacteriophages, (ii) bacteriophage preparations with clinical potential and bacteriophage-derived anti-bacterial treatment strategies, and (iii) bacteriophage therapeutics aimed at multiple infection types and infection-induced cancer treatments. Finally, we highlighted the challenges and critical perspectives of bacteriophage therapy for future clinical development. The diverse formulation strategies of bacteriophage therapies (liposomes, polymeric biological particles, microneedles, and electrospun fibres) and bacteriophage-derived antibacterial strategies to treat various antimicrobial resistance infections and infection-induced cancer therapy are reviewed. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) are Ionenes with the charged benzimidazole present in the polymeric backbone. PBIs are classified as cationic or anionic ionones based on their charge, and they exhibit outstanding thermomechanical properties. PBIs have been extensively employed as membranes for a range of complex gas and liquid separations, and so on. In this paper, we employ all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to explore the behavior of two different forms of polybenzimidazole polymers in salt-water mixtures. The two polymers, namely polybenzimidazolides (PBI) (anionic form) and polybenzimidazoliums (PBIm) (cationic form), were considered in two different water-mixed salts such as (a) Sodium chloride (NaCl) and (b) Calcium chloride (CaCl 2). We report on the intramolecular and intermolecular structural and dynamic properties of PBI and PBIm in saltwater. Our findings indicate that the radius of gyration (R g) of both PBI and PBIm decreases as the concentrations of NaCl and CaCl 2 increase. Analysis of the dihedral angle distribution reveals that the gauche conformation predominates for both polymers in the water-salt mixtures. The radial distribution function analysis between the nitrogen and carbon atoms of the imidazole group on PBI and PBIm and the salt ions shows notable structural peaks. In contrast, PBI and PBIm exhibit relatively weak interactions with water molecules. The hydrogen bonding interactions between PBI and water are particularly significant and contribute to various structural changes observed. In summary, this paper offers a comprehensive atomic-level description of the structural transitions responsible for the conformational behaviors of both PBI and PBIm. [Display omitted] • The radius of gyration (Rg) of both PBI and PBIm decreases as the concentrations of NaCl and CaCl 2 increase. • PBI show more collapsed conformation when compared to PBIm. • Strong Ca2+ binding to PBI leads to chain conformational shrinkage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although patients with Rapunzel syndrome are often asymptomatic, rare complications such as isolated gastric or duodenal perforation, pancreaticobiliary or intestinal obstruction, and intussusception have been described. A 5-year-old female with no known medical history presented after nearly two weeks of worsening constipation, abdominal distension, and abdominal pain. A CT scan demonstrated a large gastric bezoar, pneumoperitoneum, and large volume complex free fluid. The patient was taken to the operating room for an abdominal exploration. We found a large gastric trichobezoar with hair extending into the small bowel, consistent with Rapunzel syndrome. The gastric trichobezoar was connected to a mid-ileal trichobezoar through interdigitating hair fibers. At multiple locations along the small bowel, garroted linear perforations had occurred due to tension created by the intestinal peristalsis along the interconnecting hair fibers, creating mucosal ulcerations and transmural pressure necrosis that required an extensive small bowel resection. Ultimately, we did one end-end small bowel anastomosis and placed a gastrostomy tube. Gastrostomy tube feeds were started on postoperative day 6 after confirming with a contrast study that there were no intestinal leaks. She developed a superficial wound infection that was managed with antibiotics and negative pressure wound therapy. She was discharged tolerating regular diet on post-operative day 23, and is undergoing psychiatric therapy. Although rare, Rapunzel syndrome can lead to severe complications. When two trichobezoars are present, interconnecting hair fibers can cause small bowel perforations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical analysis of electro-osmosis peristaltic flow of generalized Newtonian fluid bounded in a complex wavy divergent channel is performed. There are many complex rheological generalized Newtonian fluids, out of which Ellis fluid model is considered to approximate the fluid present within the channel. The flow equations are modelled using balances of mass and momentum while the body force term is introduced using well known Poisson equation. An analytical solution to the governing flow equations is presented and the closed form expressions for longitudinal velocity, flow rate and stream function are developed. The numerical solution of pressure rise is obtained via N I n t e g r a t e build in command of Mathematica 12.3. Influence of diverse rheological and electrical parameters on flow characteristics are analysed via plots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving the desired efficiency in cuttings transport has always been a challenge during drilling situations due to complex wellbore trajectories and drilling hydraulics. These issues require suitable additives to formulate the drilling muds. Hence, nanocomposite (NC) particles formed from silica and polypropylene was modified by (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (termed PP-SiO 2 NC-NH 2) and the impact of the concentrations of the PP-SiO 2 NC-NH 2 between 0.4 and 1.2 ppb on the cuttings transport efficiency (CTE) of complex water-based mud (WBM) system was assessed. Mud system containing 0.5 ppb PP-SiO 2 NC-NH 2 on CTE was measured and compared with that of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) using sandstone grains of diameters between 0.50 and 3.20 mm at hole angles 0, 30, 45, 60, and 90° with a 42 L/min pump rate. The zeta potential (ζ-potential), particle size distribution, morphology, and temperature resistance of the NC were examined. The ζ-potential data revealed the stability and the long-term stabilization of the modified NC in drilling muds. By adding the concentration of the modified NC into the WBM system, the thinning characteristics and consistency factors were enhanced as the NC concentration increases. Furthermore, the rheological test program reveals that the NC concentrations and 0.5 ppb PHPA increased the shear stress of the WBM with an increase in the shear rate. However, the mud system of PHPA exhibited a larger viscosity, while the NC samples showed a flat viscosity-profile. Also, the NC demonstrated better cuttings recovery than the PHPA product at 0.5 ppb concentration, especially at the worst hole angle of 45°. The cuttings recovery from a minimum to a maximum was found to occur in this order; 45°, 60°, 30°, 90°, and 0°. In contrast with the smallest and intermediate sand grains, the largest grains have complex and less fluid transport. With a pipe orbital motion of 150 rpm and a pump rate of 42 L/min, the CTE of the muds showed higher improvement. Overall, the mud properties of the modified NC exhibited a strong enhancing impact on the cuttings carrying capacity of the base mud than the PHPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary drug delivery has drawn great attention due to its targeted local lung action, reduced side effects, and ease of administration. However, inhaled nanoparticles (NPs) could adsorb different pulmonary surfactants depending on their physicochemical properties, which may impair the physiological function of the pulmonary surfactants or alter the fate of the NPs. Thus, the objective of this review is to summarize how the physicochemical properties of NPs affecting the physiological function of pulmonary surfactants and their fate. First of all, the composition and characteristics of pulmonary surfactants, methods for studying pulmonary surfactant interaction with NPs are introduced. Thereafter, the influence of physicochemical properties of NPs on hydrophobic protein adsorption and strategies to decrease the interaction of NPs with pulmonary surfactants are discussed. Finally, the influence of physicochemical properties of NPs on lipids and hydrophilic protein adsorption and consequently their fate is described. In conclusion, a better understanding of the interaction of NPs with pulmonary surfactants will promote the faster development of safe and effective nanomedicine for pulmonary drug delivery. Drug delivery carriers often face complex body fluid components after entering the human body. Pulmonary surfactants diffuse at the lung gas-liquid interface, and particles inevitably interact with pulmonary surfactants after pulmonary nanomedicine delivery. This review presents an overview of how the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles affecting their fate and physiological function of pulmonary surfactants. We believe that the information included in this review can provide important guiding for the development of safe and effective pulmonary delivery nanocarriers. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study signifies the advancing reader's understanding of complex fluid dynamics, offering insights crucial for optimizing heat transfer processes, environmental engineering applications, and biomedical technologies. The focus of this work is to examine the heat and mass transference properties of electrically conductive hybrid nanofluid flow on a bi-directional stretching surface with gyrotactic microorganisms. The effects of thermophoresis, thermal radiation, Brownian motion, heat source, and chemical reaction are incorporated into the problem. The sheet is rotated about the z-axis with ω as its velocity. The modeled equations are changed to dimensionless form with the use of similarity variables and are then solved by employing the homotopy analysis method (HAM). It is concluded that the larger rotation factor boosts the velocity plot. Similarly, the thermal radiation and thermophoretic factor heighten the thermal gradient of the hybrid nanofluid. From the computed data, it is revealed that the microorganism plot shows a declining behavior against the Peclet and Lewis numbers. The findings of this work help in the optimization of cooling systems in electronics, power plants, and automotive engines by enhancing heat transfer efficiency. Moreover, in biomedical engineering, understanding microorganism behavior in fluid flow is critical for developing advanced drug delivery systems and biomedical diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nepenthes pitcher plants grow in nutrient-poor soils and produce large pitfall traps to obtain additional nutrients from animal prey. Previous research has shown that the digestive secretion in N. rafflesiana is a sticky viscoelastic fluid that retains insects much more effectively than water, even after significant dilution. Although the retention of prey is known to depend on the fluid's physical properties, the details of how the fluid interacts with insect cuticle and how its sticky nature affects struggling insects are unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms behind the efficient prey retention in N. rafflesiana pitcher fluid. By measuring the attractive forces on insect body parts moved in and out of test fluids, we show that it costs insects more energy to free themselves from pitcher fluid than from water. Moreover, both the maximum force and the energy required for retraction increased after the first contact with the pitcher fluid. We found that insects sink more easily into pitcher fluid than water and, accordingly, the surface tension of N. rafflesiana pitcher fluid was lower than that of water (60.2 vs. 72.3 mN/m). By analysing the pitcher fluid's wetting behaviour, we demonstrate that it strongly resists dewetting from all surfaces tested, leaving behind residual films and filaments that can facilitate re-wetting. This inhibition of dewetting may be a further consequence of the fluid's viscoelastic nature and likely represents a key mechanism underlying prey retention in Nepenthes pitcher plants. Carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants secrete sticky viscoelastic fluids that prevent insects from escaping after falling into the pitcher. What physical mechanisms are responsible for the fluid's retentive function? First, insects sink and drown more readily in N. rafflesiana pitcher fluid due to its reduced surface tension. Second, once within the fluid, our force measurements show that it costs more energy to separate insects from pitcher fluid than from water. Third, the fluid strongly resists dewetting, making it harder for insects to extract themselves and covering their cuticle with residues that facilitate re-wetting. Such striking inhibition of dewetting may represent a previously unrecognised mechanism of prey retention by Nepenthes. Pitcher fluid fulfils a well-defined biological function and may serve as a model for studying the mechanics of complex fluids. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of developing molecular diagnostic aimed at detecting low concentrations of protein biomarkers, that are present in early stages of breast cancer cannot be over emphasised. This is driven in large part by the need to fabricate minimally- or noninvasive, portable, rapid and less expensive testing technologies. In this context, the capability of electrochemical methods combined with the customizability of aptamers to specifically bind various targets in complex biological fluids has realized significant impact. Aptamers are relatively less sensitive to temperature variations, and their small 3-dimensional nucleic acid structure supports specific binding with target molecules. Consequent upon these clinically favorable properties, different aptamerbased electrochemical sensing strategies have been fabricated over the decades, and various transducing techniques are classified based on the signals generated. Here we review the recent advances of these strategies for the next generation of breast cancer diagnostics, with emphasis on their challenges, possible solutions and diagnostic prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A calculation procedure of redox potential with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) in ionic liquid of 3-(2- carboxyethyl)−1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide [( CO2H)² C2 MIm] + [NTf2 ] - is developed based on density functional theory (DFT) and Nernst equation in terms of Gibbs free energy. The Gibbs free energy is evaluated at the theory level of B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p)/SDD and the solvation effect is corrected using conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM). The solvation Gibbs free energy of proton in ionic liquid is evaluated using hybrid solvent models of explicit solvent molecules and implicit solvent model of CPCM. Our calculated redox potentials agree satisfactorily with experimental observations reported in literatures with maximum absolute of 0.237 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the fundamentals of complex fluid product formulation, the basis of designing formulated products and highlights the need for improved educational paradigms in the field. It mentions the Formulated complex fluids, ubiquitous across a wide range of industries including cements, paints, agricultural sprays and coatings.

• The microstructure of 4FG(EO) 2 based scCO 2 microemulsion was examined using MD method. • Three hydrotropes was confirmed to have pressure reducing effect. • The origin of the synergistic effect between the hydrotropes and the surfactant was revealed. Supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsion is a complex fluid mixture with distinct nano-scale microstructure that can be tailored to synthesize nano-particles and conduct interfacial reactions, which generally forms under high pressure. Reducing the pressure needed is significantly valuable for promoting the accessibility of the scCO 2 microemulsion technology and further spurring the development of CO 2 -based green chemistry or chemical process. In this paper, we provide the direct evidence for the formation of 4FG(EO) 2 based water in scCO 2 microemulsion and study the microscopic mechanism of the positive synergistic effect of a series of sodium p-alkyl benzoate (hydrotrope) using molecular dynamics simulation method. Results show that the three additives can be effectively solubilized into the microemulsion aggregate and mainly distribute at the water-CO 2 interface. Conformational analysis shows that sodium benzoate (BA0) stands at the interface with a relatively perpendicular conformation, while sodium p-ethyl benzoate (BA2) and sodium p-octyl benzoate (BA8) tend to lie on the interface by side. The packing of the surfactant molecules and interaction energy within the interfacial region are examined to reveal the specific microscopic origin of the positive synergistic effect between different hydrotropes and the surfactant in the sense of contributing to the stability of the aggregate, which is favorable for lowering the pressure needed to construct scCO 2 microemulsion. This work is expected to direct the better design of the surfactant and rational choice of additives to successfully construct scCO 2 microemulsion under lower pressure or even surfactant-free scCO 2 microemulsion, which facilitates the application of scCO 2 meeting industrial requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The desire to improve and decentralize diagnostic platforms to facilitate highly precise and personalized medicine has motivated the development of a large number of electrochemical sensing technologies. Such a development has been facilitated by electrochemistry’s unparalleled ability to achieve highly specific molecular measurements in complex biological fluids, without the need for expensive instrumentation. However, for decades, progress in the field had been constrained to systems that depended on the chemical reactivity of the analyte, obstructing the generalizability of such platforms beyond redox- or enzymatically active clinical targets. Thus, the pursuit of alternative, more general strategies, coupled to the timely technological advances in DNA sequencing, led to the development of DNA-based electrochemical sensors. The analytical value of these arises from the structural customizability of DNA and its ability to bind analytes ranging from ions and small molecules to whole proteins and cells. This versatility extends to interrogation methods, as DNA-based sensors work through a variety of detection schemes that can be probed via many electroanalytical techniques. As a reference for those experienced in the field, and to guide the unexperienced scientist, here we review the specific advantages of the electroanalytical methods most commonly used for the interrogation of DNA-based sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bohumil Hrabal (1914--1997) is widely considered among the greatest innovators of 20th century literature. He belongs to the Czech literary canon and has been a celebrated writer all around the world since the 1970s. Given Hrabal's long timespan of production--basically from the 1940s to his death--during decades of critical changes in Czechoslovakian history, politics, culture and society, both the reception and the scholarly approaches to his texts have several times featured misunderstandings and misinterpretations when dealing with the definition of many aspects of his writing. He did not choose exile, nor did he support the cultural policies of totalitarianism, he kept publishing his works despite being subjected to censorship, but also took part in the circulation of prohibited literature through samizdat editions. I will try to analyze some aspects of such a fluid and complex issue from what I think to be the strategic concepts of history, interpretation, and nationality in order to understand if it is possible to re-define the role and works of authors like Bohumil Hrabal in the study of twentieth century literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiparticle collision dynamics (MPCD) is a flexible and robust mesoscale computational technique for simulating solvent-mediated hydrodynamic interactions in soft materials. Here, we provide a critical overview of the MPCD method and summarize its current strengths and limitations. The capabilities of the method are highlighted by reviewing its recent applications to simulate diverse phenomena, ranging from the flow of complex fluids and thermo-osmotic transport to bacterial swimming and active particle self-assembly. We also discuss outstanding challenges and emerging methodological developments that are expected to greatly expand the applicability of MPCD to other systems of technological importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acoustic sensors based on piezoelectric resonators are widely used in the real-time monitoring of mass and in situ analysis of air composition, for example in environmental, health care and air quality control (AQC) applications, both indoor and outdoor. Recent advances in the QCM techniques include the possibility of measuring changes in resonance frequency, ∆f , and the dissipation, ∆D (so-called QCM-D sensors). Another field of application is measurements of different overtones, which can provide additional information about the system. The sensing layers in QCM devices are often polymer- or supported membrane-based, both of which are soft (viscoelastic) materials. Viscoelasticity of adsorbed layers must thus be taken into account for adequate interpretation of QCM data. This publication describes theoretical results, including analytical formulae for the resonance frequency shift and the dissipation of QCM-D, for two viscoelastic layers deposited onto resonator surface, as well as calculations for higher harmonics. In particular, the corrections in ∆f and ∆D due to the softness of the top layer, considered as a bulk, are written explicitly in terms of the layer's material parameters. The results can be useful for quantitative analysis of measured characteristics of QCM in AQC, environmental monitoring and biosensor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most emerging industries including batteries, solar cells, electronic components, printed electronics, the material processing can be understood based on a single platform – ‘transport phenomena of complex fluids’ – which has rarely been in the subject of academic research. This paper covers the complexity in these applications, which is strengthened by the use of nanoparticles. The key concept hidden underneath of this platform is heterogeneity which keeps on changing during processing, leading to a broad spectrum of microstructure and composition. Thus, we have to control heterogeneity for better design of materials and processing. Conventional approach is not enough, and we need a new paradigm in materials processing, which is the control of heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulation problems encountered in reservoir management are often computationally expensive because of the complex fluid physics for multiphase flow and the large number of grid cells required to honor geological heterogeneity. Multiscale methods have been proposed as a computationally inexpensive alternative to traditional fine-scale solvers for computing conservative approximations of the pressure and velocity fields on high-resolution geocellular models. Although a wide variety of such multiscale methods have been discussed in the literature, these methods have not yet seen widespread use in industry. One reason may be that no method has been presented so far that handles the combination of realistic flow physics and industry-standard grid formats in their full complexity. Herein, we present a multiscale method that handles both the most widespread type of flow physics (black-oil-type models) and standard grid formats such as corner-point, stair-stepped, and perpendicular bisector (PEBI), as well as general unstructured, polyhedral grids. Our approach is derived from a finite- volume formulation in which the basis functions are constructed by use of restricted smoothing to effectively capture the local features of the permeability. The method can also be formulated easily for other types of flow models, provided that one has a reliable (iterative) solution strategy that computes flow and transport in separate steps. The proposed method is implemented as open-source software and validated on a number of two- and three-phase test cases with significant compressibility and gas dissolution. The test cases include both synthetic models and models of real fields with complex wells, faults, and inactive and degenerate cells. Through a prescribed tolerance, the solver can be set to either converge to a sequential solution or the fully implicit solution, in both cases with a significant speedup compared with a fine-scale multigrid solver. Altogether, this ensures that one can easily and systematically trade accuracy for efficiency, or vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) has increased due to their high industrial relevance as well as their use in diverse consumer products. At the end of their life cycle ENMs might be released to the environment and therefore concerns arise regarding their environmental impact. In order to track their fate upon disposal, it is crucial to establish methods to trace ENMs in complex environmental samples and to differentiate them from naturally-occurring nanoparticles. The goal of this study was to distinctively trace ENMs by (non-invasive) detection methods. For this, fluorescent ENMs, namely quantum dots (QDs), were distinctively traced in complex aqueous matrices, and were still detectable after a period of two months using fluorescence spectroscopy. In particular, two water-dispersible QD-species, namely CdTe/CdS QDs with N -acetyl- l -cysteine as capping agent (NAC-QDs) and surfactant-stabilized CdSe/ZnS QDs (Brij ® 58-QDs), were synthesized to examine their environmental fate during disposal as well as their potential interaction with naturally-occurring substances present in landfill leachates. When QDs were spiked into a leachate from an old landfill site, alteration processes, such as sorption, aggregation, agglomeration, and interactions with dissolved organic carbon (DOC), led to modifications of the optical properties of QDs. The spectral signatures of NAC-QDs deteriorated depending on residence time and storage temperature, while Brij ® 58-QDs retained their photoluminescence fingerprints, indicating their high colloidal stability. The observed change in photoluminescence intensity was mainly caused by DOC-interaction and association with complexing agents, such as fulvic or humic acids, typically present in mature landfill leachates. For both QD-species, the results also indicated that pH of the leachate had no significant impact on their optical properties. As a result, the unique spectroscopic fingerprints of QDs, specifically surfactant-stabilized QDs, allowed distinctive tracing in complex aqueous waste matrices in order to study their long-term behavior and ultimate fate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using high-speed imaging we assessed Streptococcus mutans biofilm–fluid interactions during exposure to a 60-ms microspray burst with a maximum exit velocity of 51 m/s. S. mutans UA159 biofilms were grown for 72 h on 10 mm-length glass slides pre-conditioned with porcine gastric mucin. Biofilm stiffness was measured by performing uniaxial-compression tests. We developed an in-vitro interproximal model which allowed the parallel insertion of two biofilm-colonized slides separated by a distance of 1 mm and enabled high-speed imaging of the removal process at the surface. S. mutans biofilms were exposed to either a water microspray or an air-only microburst. High-speed videos provided further insight into the mechanical behaviour of biofilms as complex liquids and into high-shear fluid–biofilm interaction. We documented biofilms extremely transient fluid behaviour when exposed to the high-velocity microsprays. The presence of time-dependent recoil and residual deformation confirmed the pivotal role of viscoelasticity in biofilm removal. The air-only microburst was effective enough to remove some of the biofilm but created a smaller clearance zone underlying the importance of water and the air–water interface of drops moving over the solid surface in the removal process. Confocal and COMSTAT analysis showed the high-velocity water microspray caused up to a 99.9% reduction in biofilm thickness, biomass and area coverage, within the impact area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typical thermal processes involve sophisticated wellbore configurations, complex fluid flow, and heat transfer in tubing, annulus, wellbore completion, and surrounding formation. Despite notable advancements made in wellbore modeling, accurate heat-loss modeling is still a challenge by use of the existing wellbore simulators. This challenge becomes even greater when complex but common wellbore configurations, such as multiparallel or multiconcentric tubings, are used in thermal processes such as steamassisted gravity drainage (SAGD). To improve heat-loss estimation, a standalone fully implicit thermal wellbore simulator is developed that can handle several different wellbore configurations and completions. This simulator uses a fully implicit method to model heat loss from tubing walls to the surrounding formation. Instead of implementing the common Ramey (1962) method for heat-loss calculations, which has been shown to be a source of large errors, a series of computational- fluid-dynamics (CFD) models are run for the buoyancydriven flow for different annulus sizes and lengths and numbers of tubings. On the basis of these CFD models, correlations are derived that can conveniently be used for the more-accurate heat-loss estimation from the wellbore to the surrounding formation for SAGD injection wells with single or multiple tubing strings. These correlations are embedded in the developed wellbore simulator, and results are compared with other heat-lossmodeling methods to demonstrate its improvements. A series of validations against commercial simulators and field data are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing omni-adhesives is a great challenge for those oil/water wetted substrates because the interfacial liquid always restricts the contact area between adhesives and substrates. Herein, we report omni-adhesive fibers composed of oilborne core-fiber and waterborne semi-nanoshell via Taylor-cone co-electrospinning, realizing efficient adhesion on diverse liquid wetted substrates with cold tolerance. The oilborne core-fiber and waterborne semi-nanoshell enable the omni-adhesive fibers to adhere onto solid substrates wetted by diverse liquids, such as aqueous solutions with acid, base and salts, organic solvents and daily drinks, through a partial dissolving-wetting-adhering process. Further, the formed nano-adhesive layer of omni-adhesive fibers shows wide-range temperature tolerance from −196–60 ℃. As a proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate a temperature monitor based on omni-adhesive fibers can indicate the temperature fluctuation of cold-supply chain, such as vaccine transport. This study provides a feasible route to design omni-adhesives adaptive to complex liquid wetted substrates in large temperature fluctuations. [Display omitted] • We design omni-adhesive fibers with semi-enclosed morphology by integrating oilborne and waterborne polymers at nanoscale. • The fibers show omni-adhesion on diverse liquid wetted surfaces through a partial dissolving-wetting-adhering process. • The fibers have promising applicability in large temperature fluctuations, especially in cold-supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black liquor is a complex waste stream generated from the fast-expanding biorefinery industry, and the high management cost has been known as a major development barrier. In this work, we demonstrated a rationally designed 4-chamber microbial electrolysis process that was capable of recovering the value-added lignin, NaOH, and H 2 products while removing waste organics from the Deacetylation and Mechanical Refining (DMR) black liquor, which could potentially reduce the disposal cost by up to 40%. The lab-scale MEC achieved 52% organic removal from a highly concentrated feedstock (28,960 ± 212 mg/L COD) and recovered 83.2 mM NaOH under a small voltage application (1.2 V). Lignin recovery was observed to be as high as 13.98 ± 0.28 g/L, and 0.35 L/L/day H 2 was produced with a faradaic efficiency of 93.5%. This work provided a good example on how complex liquid waste stream can be valorized via multi-functional microbial electrochemical technology, and how the traditionally unfavored pH gradient in an electrochemical reactor can be manipulated for lignin precipitation and alkaline recovery at the same time. The versatility and good performance in concurrent contaminants removal, lignin precipitation, H 2 production and NaOH recovery demonstrate a good potential for microbial electrolysis in black liquor treatment. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under-expanded particle-laden flows resulting in velocities greater than the local speed of sound are a feature of a wide number of applications in aviatic, astronautical, and process engineering scenarios including those relating to the accidental release of high-pressure fluids from reservoirs or pipelines. Such pipelines are considered to be the most likely method for transportation of captured carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from power plants and other industries prior to subsequent storage in carbon capture and storage (CCS) applications. Their safe operation is of paramount importance as their contents are likely to be in the region of several thousand tonnes. CO 2 poses a number of dangers upon release due to its physical properties. It is a colourless and odourless asphyxiant which has a tendency to sublimation and solid formation, and is directly toxic if inhaled in air at concentrations around 5%, and likely to be fatal at concentrations around 10%. The developments presented in this paper concern the formulation of a multi-phase homogeneous discharge and dispersion model capable of predicting the near-field fluid dynamic, phase and particle behaviour of such CO 2 releases, with validation against measurements of laboratory-scale jet releases of CO 2 recently obtained by our group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Marine organisms process and deliver many of their underwater coatings and adhesives as complex fluids. In marine mussels one such fluid, secreted during the formation of adhesive plaques, consists of a concentrated colloidal suspension of a mussel foot protein (mfp) known as Mfp-3S. The results of this study suggest that Mfp-3S becomes a complex fluid by a liquid–liquid phase separation from equilibrium solution at a pH and ionic strength reminiscent of the conditions created by the mussel foot during plaque formation. The pH dependence of phase separation and its sensitivity indicate that inter-/intra-molecular electrostatic interactions are partially responsible for driving the phase separation. Hydrophobic interactions between the non- polar Mfp-3S proteins provide another important driving force for coacervation. As complex coacervation typically results from charge–charge interactions between polyanions and polycations, Mfp-3S is thus unique in being the only known protein that coacervates with itself. The Mfp-3S coacervate was shown to have an effective interfacial energy of ⩽1mJm−2, which explains its tendency to spread over or engulf most surfaces. Of particular interest to biomedical applications is the extremely high adsorption capacity of coacervated Mfp-3S on hydroxyapatite. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A Computational Fluid Dynamics model is presented in this study for the simulation of the complex fluid flows with free surfaces inside the Tuned Liquid Column Dampers in horizontal motion. The characteristics of the fluid model of the TLCD in horizontal motion include the free surface of the multiphase flow and the horizontal moving frame. In this study, the time depend unsteady Standard κ-ε turbulent model based on Navier-Stokes equations is chosen. The volume of fluid (VOF) method and sliding mesh technique are adopted to track the free surface of water inside the vertical columns of TLCD and treat the moving boundary of the walls of TLCD in horizontal motion. Several model solution parameters comprising different time steps, mesh sizes, convergence criteria and discretization schemes are examined to establish model parametric independency results. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data in the dimensionless amplitude of the water column in four different configured groups of TLCDs with four different orifice areas. The predicted natural frequencies and the head loss coefficient of TLCDs from CFD model are also compared with the experimental data. The predicted numerical results agree well with the available experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lateral line is a critical component of fish sensory systems, found to affect numerous aspects of behavior, including maneuvering in complex fluid environments with poor visibility. This sensory organ has no analog in modern ocean vehicles despite its utility and ubiquity in nature and could fill the gap left by sonar and vision systems in turbid, cluttered environments. To emulate the lateral line and characterize its object-tracking and shape recognition capabilities, a linear array of pressure sensors is used along with analytic models of the fluid in order to determine position, shape, and size of various objects in both passive and active sensing schemes. We find that based on pressure information, tracking a moving cylinder can be effectively achieved via a particle filter. Using principal component analysis, we are also able to reliably distinguish between cylinders of different cross section and identify the critical flow signature information that leads to the shape identification. In a second application, we employ pressure measurements on an artificial fish and an unscented Kalman filter to successfully identify the shape of an arbitrary static cylinder Based on the experiments, we conclude that a linear pressure sensor array for identifying small objects should have a sensor-to-sensor spacing of less than 0.03 (relative to the length of the sensing body) and resolve pressure differences of at least 10 Pa. These criteria are used in the development of an artificial lateral line adaptable to the curved hull of an underwater vehicle, employing conductive polymer technologies to form a flexible array of small pressure sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the effects of couple stress fluid on the control of Rayleigh-Taylor instability at the interface between a dense fluid accelerated by a lighter fluid is studied. A simple theory, based on fully developed approximations, is used to derive the growth rate of Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The cutoff and maximum wave numbers and the corresponding maximum frequency are obtained. It is shown that the effect of couple stress parameter reduces the growth rate considerably compare to the classical growth rate in the absence of couple-stress and hence favorable to control the growth rate of surface instabilities in many practical problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The frequency response of resonant structures immersed in liquid media allows the derivation of the physical properties of the fluid. We present a novel class of non-piezoelectric metallic shear mode resonators with Lorentz force actuation, which are read out by a motion-induced voltage. The fluid–structure interaction mechanism is dominated by decaying shear waves excited near the oscillating surfaces. The response is thus comparable to that of quartz thickness shear mode (TSM) resonators. However, the comparably low resonance frequency qualifies the presented principle for the rheological analysis of complex structured liquids like suspensions, emulsions, or polymer solutions, where quartz TSM sensors fail due to their high oscillation frequency and the associated small penetration depth. Measurements verify the fluid–structure interaction model and demonstrate the applicability to selected examples of complex liquids. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A novel structured grid approach which provides an efficient way of treating a class of complex geometries is proposed. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are formulated in a two-dimensional, generalized curvilinear coordinate system complemented by a third quasi-curvilinear coordinate. By keeping all two-dimensional planes defined by constant third coordinate values parallel to one another, the proposed approach significantly reduces the memory requirement in fully three-dimensional geometries, and makes the computation more cost effective. The formulation can be easily adapted to an existing flow solver based on a two-dimensional generalized coordinate system coupled with a Cartesian third direction, with only a small increase in computational cost. The feasibility and efficiency of the present method have been assessed in a simulation of flow over a tapered cylinder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A complete reaction mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction between CO 2 and substituted epoxides were studied theoretically. • The role of ionic liquid {[BMIm][BF 4 ]} as a solvent on the mechanism of cycloaddition reaction catalyzed by Co-ethylenediamine (en) complexes were explored. • The ability of ionic liquids to form intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction with the catalyst and substrate is found to be a sole reason behind the reduction in the activation barrier. • In all the steps along the reaction mechanism, involvement of ionic liquids were found to bring down the activation free energy barriers by 2.12 to 19.31 kcal/mol. • In a nutshell, this work demonstrates that the ionic liquids are efficient green solvents suitable for realizing high efficiency in diverse catalytic reactions. To curtail the accumulation of CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere, different strategies have been adopted at present. Among them, one of the possible methods of reducing CO 2 level involves transforming it into useful organic compounds. In this line, converting CO 2 to cyclic carbonates is a topic of interest as cyclic carbonates are commercially important chemicals. Recently, Honores and co-workers have experimentally prepared cyclic carbonates from cycloaddition of CO 2 and ethylene oxide/propylene oxide/Epichlorohydrin catalyzed by Co-ethylenediamine (en) complexes using [BMIm][BF 4 ] ionic liquid as solvent. This work explores the complete reaction mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction at B3LYP/LANL2DZ(6−31G*) level of density functional theory. Two mechanist routes were computed: first route deals with the reaction mechanism without the presence of ionic liquid and second route deals with the ionic liquid involved reaction mechanism. In both the routes, the ring closure step was calculated to be the rate-determining step with an activation barrier in the range of 47.87–52.23 kcal/mol in the absence of ionic liquid and 48.82 to 35.29 kcal/mol in the presence of ionic liquid. Interestingly, the involvement of ionic liquids in the reaction mechanism was found to remarkably reduce the activation free energy barriers by 2.12–19.31 kcal/mol in all the steps along the proposed mechanism. Geometrical analysis indicated that the ability of ionic liquids to form intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction with the catalyst and substrate is the reason behind the decrease in the barriers. In order to quantify the strength of the hydrogen bonding interactions, NBO analysis was performed on key transition state geometries and n B-F → σ* H-N hydrogen bonding interactions between anionic part of IL and en ligand framework were found to possess significant second-order stabilization energies. Overall, this study sheds light on the mechanistic details of the cycloaddition reaction of CO 2 and epoxide and also substantiates that the ionic liquids are efficient green solvents which can be employed in similar catalytic reactions to achieve more efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Produced water (PW) of the liquid phase is the largest volume by-product from the process of offshore oil and gas production, and compact and efficient treatment methods are brought into focus. The PW, condensate oil, and floccule in the liquid phase all require treatment to satisfy the requirements of the standards. The liquid phase volume from offshore gas fields is typically not as large as that from offshore oil fields. The presence of the floccule and severity of emulsification, however, cause higher levels of treatment difficulty. Ecological damage to the ocean and some other potential hazards can be caused if PW discharged into the ocean contains oil that exceeds the concentrations of the value, of which ranges from 15 mg/L to 50 mg/L according to different standards. Condensate oil phase pipes may also be corroded if the oil phase is not well treated. This study examines a pilot system with the capacity of 0.5 m3/h, that includes pre-, PW, and condensate oil treatments performed at an industrial offshore gas field platform on the South China Sea. The water and oil phases were transparent in appearance. The concentration of oil in the PW discharged to the ocean was less than 50% of the value of the relative standards. The concentration of water in the condensate oil was lower than 200 mg/L, which satisfied the requirement of this platform for transportation by submarine pipelines. The accumulative floccule in the liquid phase was also gathered using a filter bag that proceeded a virtuous circle due to the avoidance of the accumulation of the floccule. This pilot system provides a novel solution method for the liquid phase from offshore gas fields containing highly emulsified PW, condensate oil, and floccule, which diffuses between the PW and the condensate oil. • A pilot system for liquid phase on an offshore platform was investigated. • Separability was determined by size and Zeta potential distribution. • Oil content in PW was 50% lower than the value in relevant standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC–CO 2) fracturing has a great prospect for shale gas development, but the poor proppant carrying capacity hinders its effective application. In this paper, SC-CO 2 compound fracturing method was proposed, which uses SC-CO 2 as the pad fluid to generate complex fracture network and guar gum fluid as the carrier fluid to support and extend the fracture. Relevant tri-axial SC-CO 2 compound fracturing experiments with shale specimens were designed to compare with SC-CO 2 fracturing and guar gum fracturing. It was found that the breakdown pressure of SC-CO 2 fracturing was on average 20.24% lower than that of guar gum fracturing. Both SC-CO 2 fracturing and SC-CO 2 compound fracturing could generate more complex fracture geometry than guar gum fracturing, especially in specimens with vertical bedding planes where SC-CO 2 compound fracturing formed a complex three-dimensional fracture network. A dimensionless index f c was proposed to quantitatively evaluate the complexity of induced fractures. Results show that the fracture complexity of SC-CO 2 compound fracturing was on average 20.64% larger than SC-CO 2 fracturing, indicating that SC-CO 2 induced fractures can be extended by guar gum fracturing. Digital microscope found that SC-CO 2 induced fracture width was less than 0.01 mm while fracture width induced by SC-CO 2 compound fracturing was 0.04 mm–0.12 mm, manifesting that the guar gum fracturing stage can increase the width by approximately an order of magnitude. The results prove the feasibility of compound fracturing technology, which is of great significance to shale gas development. • SC-CO 2 compound fracturing were proposed in this paper. • This study confirmed the superiority of SC-CO 2 fracturing over water-based fracturing fluid in creating complex fractures. • A dimensionless index f c was proposed to quantitatively evaluate the complexity of induced fractures. • The guar gum fracturing stage can increase the width of SC-CO 2 induced fracture by approximately an order of magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we synthesized a kind of magnetic covalent organic framework nanohybrids (NiFe 2 O 4 @COF), and integrated it with polydimethyl siloxane and silicone rubber curing agent for solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating. The fiber coating demonstrated a porous and uniform surface with the BET specific surface of 169.7 m2 g-1. As for seven environmental analytes, the NiFe 2 O 4 @COF-based SPME fiber coating gave the higher extraction recoveries for triclosan (TCS) and methyltriclosn (MTCS) than those of fenpropathrin, bifenthrin, permethrin, fenvalerate and deltamethrin. Several operational parameters were rigorously optimized, such as extraction temperature, extraction time, thermal desorption time, solution pH and salt effect. Combined with the GC-ECD detection, the newly developed microextraction method supplied the wide linear range of 0.1–1000 µg L-1 with the correlation coefficients of > 0.9995. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) reached as low as 1–7 ng L-1 and 3.3–23 ng L-1, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precisions in six replicates (n = 6) were < 3.55% and < 5.06%, respectively, and the fiber-to-fiber reproducibility (n = 3) was < 7.64%. To evaluate its feasibility in real samples, the fortified recoveries for TCS and MTCS, at low (0.2 µg L-1), middle (2.0 µg L-1) and high (20.0 µg L-1) levels, varied between 81.9% and 119.1% in tap, river and barreled waters as well as male, female and children urine samples. Especially, it is worth mentioning that the NiFe 2 O 4 @COF-based SPME coating fiber can be recycled for at least 150 times with nearly unchanged extraction efficiency. Moreover, the extraction recoveries by the as-fabricated fiber coating were much higher than those by three commercial fibers (PDMS, PDMS/DVB and PDMS/DVB/CAR). Overall, the NiFe 2 O 4 @COF-based SPME is a convenient, sensitive, efficient and "green" pretreatment method, thereby possessing important application prospects in trace monitoring of TCS-like pollutants in complex liquid matrices. [Display omitted] • A novel magnetic NiFe 2 O 4 @COF-based fiber coating for SPME is successfully fabricated. • NiFe 2 O 4 @COF nanohybrid possesses larger surface area and pore size over single COFs. • NiFe 2 O 4 @COF based SPME fiber coating provides high extraction selectivity for TCS and MTCS. • Sampling, enrichment, purification and injection are integrated into one solvent-free step. • NiFe 2 O 4 @COF-SPME/GC-ECD approach offers low LODs and high repeatability for analytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Presents modeling study for history-matching oil production and CO 2 injection responses to assess fluid migration in complex depleted reef. • Equivalent simplified conceptualizations of reservoir heterogeneity are effective practical methodology for achieving modeling objectives. • Numerically efficient approach to facilitate improved system understanding and explain reservoir response during MRCSP CO 2 injection phase. The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership has been investigating various reservoir characterization and modeling technologies as part of its commercial-scale implementation of carbon dioxide injection for geologic storage in multiple Silurian carbonate pinnacle reefs in northern Michigan, USA. This paper presents a discussion of the reservoir modeling study that was conducted for history-matching oil production and CO 2 injection responses, forecasting CO 2 plume migration and estimating associated storage to characterize the closed, depleted Dover-33 reef which has undergone extensive primary and secondary production. Dynamic modeling using equivalent simplified descriptions of reservoir heterogeneity were found to be numerically efficient and successfully explained the observed pressure buildup in the reef during the MRCSP CO 2 injection phase. The validated history matched models are extremely useful for potential predictive modeling for considering operational optimization and evaluating subsequent production scenarios relevant to the reef. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A healthy 14-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with left breast pain and erythema. Ultrasound revealed a 1.8 cm complex fluid collection deep to the areola. The patient was admitted to hospital for a trial of intravenous cefazolin and warm compresses. The erythema improved and the collection drained spontaneously through the nipple-areolar complex. The drainage fluid grew Actinomyces radingae , and anaerobic Gram-positive cocci not further identified. The antibiotic regimen was changed to a four-month course of high-dose amoxicillin. Treatment was complicated by Clostridioides difficile colitis, which was treated with oral vancomycin on an outpatient basis. The patient otherwise recovered well with no significant scarring to the breast. • Pediatric breast abscesses are typically caused by skin flora. • Breast abscesses should be initially managed with antibiotics and needle aspiration. • Actinomyces is a rare but documented cause of breast abscesses in adults and children. • Infection with Actinomyces typically requires several months of antibiotic therapy. • Actinomyces is typically susceptible to penicillins and rarely develops resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the future of the cosmetics and consumer products in the U.S. It mentions the annual revenue of the cosmetics industry. It mentions that L'Oreal has developed wearable sensors to track the user's exposure to sun, as well as a corresponding app that can predict sun damage to skin.

• Vent size of 8 mm and 15 mm were two critical parameters under different burst pressures. • Supercritical state CO 2 was unstable and its phase transition was more complex compared to the liquid state CO 2. • Initial burst pressure of 8 MPa was an ideal condition when the burst vent size was 8 mm. • At the pressure of 10 MPa, gaseous CO 2 liquefied gradually, making the gas-liquid interface disappear. A small-scale experimental system was constructed to simulate the initiation of CO 2 BLEVE process in different phase state. Dynamic pressure parameters after disc burst were analysed to supplement the influence rules of vent size and burst pressure to the intensity of CO 2 BLEVE. Comparisons between the supercritical phase state CO 2 and liquid CO 2 on the pressure parameters were made to reveal the phase state influence to the initiation of CO 2 BLEVE. The vent size of 8 mm and 15 mm were two critical parameters under different burst pressures. The changing of pressure became irregular when the vent size surpassed 8 mm, and the pressure rise value will never surpassed the pressure drop value when the vent size reached or surpassed 15 mm. The supercritical state CO 2 was unstable compared to the liquid state CO 2. A more complex phase transition in the discharge process caused the pressure parameters changing became irregular; especially when the inner pressure reached 10 MPa and CO 2 became a supercritical state fluid. After burst, the fluid releasing form the vessel instantly and limited space was reserved for the fluid to swell in the vessel, causing the inner pressure can't rebound in time, which eventually led the overpressure disappear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of nanoparticulate polymer brushes in complex fluids engineering as highlighted in the article "Opportunities for Complex Fluids Engineering with Nanoparticulate Polymer Brushes," by Robert D. Tilton, in the "AIChE Journal." Examples and properties of complex fluids are given. The concepts on which complex fluids engineering are based are cited. Also enumerated are the ways by which chemicals and agents used in complex fluids engineering modify complex fluids.