31 results on '"Caballero, Rafael"'
Search Results
2. Sphenoidal meningoencephalocele associated with CSF fistula and arteriovenous malformation Spetzler-Martin V: A case report.
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Ramírez-Ferrer, Esteban, Aponte-Caballero, Rafael, Aguilera-Pena, Maria Paula, Mendoza-Ayús, Santiago David, Osorio-Bohorquez, Luis Alejandro, and Riveros-Castillo, William Mauricio
- Abstract
Copyright of Neurocirugía is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
3. Spatial interference triggered by gaze and arrows. The role of target background on spatial interference
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Román-Caballero, Rafael, Marotta, Andrea, and Lupiáñez, Juan
- Abstract
Recent evidence with a spatial interference paradigm has shown that arrows and eye gaze yield opposite congruency effects, arrow target eliciting faster responses when their direction is congruent with their position (standard congruency effect), and gaze producing faster reaction times for incongruent conditions (reversed congruency effect). But in ecological contexts eye gaze tend to be more perceptually complex (i.e., embedded in the whole face) than simple arrows. The present study aimed to replicate this dissociation using whole faces and a comparable non-social target, formed by arrows embedded in a colored geometric background. Whereas the reversed congruency effect with gaze was replicated, the standard spatial interference with arrows was surprisingly absent. A similar outcome appeared when the contrast between the arrows and the task-irrelevant background increased. The results confirm the robustness of the reversed congruency effect with eyes, regardless of whether they are presented alone or within a face. In addition, and importantly, the unexpected absence of the spatial conflict with complex arrow targets seems to be a consequence of higher figure-ground segregation demands, which extend the processing of the task-relevant spatial dimension and, in turn, cause the decay of the location code. This pattern of results, and the provided interpretation, can explain previous unexplained findings in the spatial interference literature.
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- 2021
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4. A core Erlang semantics for declarative debugging
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Caballero, Rafael, Martin-Martin, Enrique, Riesco, Adrián, and Tamarit, Salvador
- Abstract
One of the main advantages of declarative languages is their clearly established formal semantics, that allows programmers to reason about the properties of programs and to establish the correctness of tools. In particular, declarative debugging is a technique that analyses the proof trees of computations to locate bugs in programs. However, in the case of commercial declarative languages such as the functional language Erlang, sometimes the semantics is only informally defined, and this precludes these possibilities. Moreover, defining semantics for these languages is far from trivial because they include complex features needed in real applications, such as concurrency. In this paper we define a semantics for Core Erlang, the intermediate language underlying Erlang programs. We focus on the problem of concurrency and show how a medium-sized-step calculus, that avoids the details of small-step semantics but still captures the most common program errors, can be used to define an algorithmic debugger that is sound and complete.
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- 2019
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5. Short Term Cloud Nowcasting for a Solar Power Plant based on Irradiante Historical Data.
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Caballero, Rafael, Zarzalejo, Luis F., Otero, Álvaro, Piñuel, Luis, and Wilbert, Stefan
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SOLAR power plants ,SOLAR energy ,ARTIFICIAL neural networks - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Computer Science & Technology (JCS&T) is the property of Journal of Computer Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Project portfolio selection and planning with fuzzy constraints.
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Pérez, Fátima, Gómez, Trinidad, Caballero, Rafael, and Liern, Vicente
- Subjects
PORTFOLIO performance ,MATHEMATICAL models ,FUZZY systems ,CONSTRAINT algorithms ,DECISION making - Abstract
Selecting a project portfolio is a complex process involving many factors and considerations from the time it is proposed to the time the project portfolio is finally selected. Given that making a good selection is of crucial importance, it is essential to develop well-founded mathematical models to lead the organization to its final goal. To achieve this, such models have to reflect as closely as possible both the real situation of the organization as well as its targets and preferences. However, since the process of selecting and implementing project portfolios occurs in real environments and not in laboratories, uncertainty and a lack of knowledge regarding some data is always an important issue due to the strong interdependence between the projects and the political, economic, social, and legal conditions in which they are carried out. In this work, a mathematical model is proposed which extends the classical approach incorporating the inherent uncertainty to these problems. We have handled this uncertainty, vagueness and/or imprecision through the use of fuzzy parameters, which allow representation of information not fully known by the decision makers. The model combines selecting and planning project portfolios, specifies different relationships between projects (synergies, incompatibilities, time order, etc.) and other important constraints appearing in real situations. Moreover, a resolution procedure is developed which obtains, simultaneously, the optimal portfolio and the range for the confidence levels associated to it. An illustrative example and a real application are given in order to show the potentiality of the approach. The results are complemented with graphical tools, which show the usefulness of the proposed model to assist the decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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7. Assessing changes in eco-productivity of wastewater treatment plants: The role of costs, pollutant removal efficiency, and greenhouse gas emissions.
- Author
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Gémar, Germán, Gómez, Trinidad, Molinos-Senante, María, Caballero, Rafael, and Sala-Garrido, Ramón
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GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,WASTEWATER treatment ,DATA envelopment analysis ,LINEAR programming ,DECISION making - Abstract
Improving eco-efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been identified as being essential for achieving urban sustainability. Several previous papers have evaluated the eco-efficiency of WWTPs using data envelopment analysis (DEA) models. However, those models provided only a static assessment in that they ignored possible fluctuations over time within each plant. To overcome this temporal limitation, this paper evaluates dynamic eco-efficiency (changes in eco-productivity over time) of WWTPs using the dynamic weighted Russell directional distance model (WRDDM). This approach allows one to obtain an eco-productivity change index for each major component of the WRDDM model (costs, pollutants removal, and greenhouse gas emissions). Our results illustrate that although eco-productivity improved in half of the WWTPs we assessed, there was still potential for improving some eco-efficiency components. Moreover, operational costs and greenhouse gases emissions were the main drivers reducing eco-productivity. This paper demonstrates the importance of evaluating change in eco-productivity over time and in identifying the drivers associated with those changes, both of which can be used to support decision-making focused on the sustainability of WWTPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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8. Declarative debugging of concurrent Erlang programs
- Author
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Caballero, Rafael, Martin-Martin, Enrique, Riesco, Adrián, and Tamarit, Salvador
- Abstract
Despite the growing number of concurrent applications in nowadays systems, debugging concurrent programs remains an open issue due to its intrinsic complexity. In this work, we present a declarative debugger for the concurrent language Erlang. Following the ideas of algorithmic debugging, our tool asks questions to the user about the validity of transitions between those program points that involve message passing, and also about the expected results of the function calls occurred during the computation. The differences between the user answers, which represent the intended behavior of the program, and the actual program execution, allow the debugger to detect the function responsible for the error, and to point out the pieces of source code responsible for the bugs. The proposal is based on a concurrent calculus for Erlang programs, and we show a benchmark that assesses its scalability both in terms of resources usage and considering the number of questions asked to the user and their complexity. Furthermore, we check the usability of our proposal, applying the debugger to the Erlang library poolboy.
- Published
- 2018
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9. The urban transport planning with uncertainty in demand and travel time: a comparison of two defuzzification methods
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Avila-Torres, Paulina, Caballero, Rafael, Litvinchev, Igor, Lopez-Irarragorri, Fernando, and Vasant, Pandian
- Abstract
Nowadays the traffic congestion is being a common problem in major cities, every time the travel time is increasing and also the number of private cars. It is urgent to take actions to solve this problem. The urban transport is becoming into the best way to fight against congestion; but to make it more attractive to users it has to be more efficient (less travel time, less waiting time, low fare). The urban transport process has four main activities: Network design, Timetabling, Vehicle scheduling and Crew scheduling. The problem presented here is about the integration of the frequency and departure time scheduled both are subactivities of the timetable construction, besides it includes multiple periods planning and multiperiod synchronization, also the authors consider uncertainty in demand and travel time using fuzzy numbers. The planners faced this problem everyday. The authors created a mathematical model including the characteristics previously mentioned, the objectives of this model are to minimize the total operation cost, to maximize the number of multiperiod synchronization between routes, and to minimize the total waiting time for passengers. The SAugmecon method is used to solve the problem, 32 instances were randomly generated based on real data, and the comparison of two defuzzification methods (k-preference and second index of Yager) is presented. Also, the comparison of the problem with uncertainty on demand and uncertainty on demand and travel time is presented.
- Published
- 2018
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10. A systemic bioassay to determine susceptibility of the pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to cyantraniliprole and thiamethoxam.
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Caballero, Rafael, Schuster, David J., Smith, Hugh A., Mangandi, Jozer, and Portillo, Héctor E.
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DISEASE susceptibility ,PEPPER weevil ,THIAMETHOXAM ,DIAMIDES ,NEONICOTINOIDS - Abstract
Cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr ™ ) is the second insecticide in the new anthranilic diamide class with xylem-systemic properties and a novel mode of action. Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid insecticide that is used to manage the pepper weevil ( Anthonomus eugenii Cano). A systemic bioassay method, using pepper seedlings, was developed to determine baseline toxicity data for both insecticides using a susceptible laboratory strain of the pepper weevil. Results demonstrated that cyantraniliprole and thiamethoxam inhibited daily feeding. After 5 days of exposure, pooled LC 50 , LC 95 , and slope values were 7.06 mg ai L −1 , 195.2 mg ai L −1 , and 1.14 (SE = 0.132) for cyantraniliprole and 0.53 mg ai L −1 , 1.91 mg ai L −1 , and 2.93 (SE = 0.435), for thiamethoxam. After 7 days of exposure, analysis of the pooled data for three bioassays with cyantraniliprole, resulted in LC 50 , LC 95 , and slope values of 2.12 mg ai L −1 , 30.2 mg ai L −1 , and 1.43 (SE = 0.132), whereas a single bioassay with thiamethoxam generated LC 50 and LC 95 , and slope values of 0.44 mg ai L −1 , 1.22 mg ai L −1 , and 3.72 (SE = 0.842), respectively. The development of the present bioassay method permits the evaluation of the toxicity of systemic insecticides to pepper weevil adults. Both cyantraniliprole and thiamethoxam inflicted mortality on adults, although the latter appeared to be more potent. At the LC 50 and LC 95 levels, thiamethoxam was 13 and 5 times, respectively, more potent than cyantraniliprole after 5 days of exposure and 100 and 5 times more potent after 7 days of exposure. Both products appeared to suppress feeding damage of pepper weevils. The bioassay method developed and the information generated on laboratory susceptibility in the present study represents the basis for the use of the method for monitoring changes in susceptibility and for confirming or refuting questions of resistance in the pepper weevil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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11. Ranking de anuncios y agencias de publicidad en Chile.
- Author
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Caballero, Rafael Repiso, Fernández, Inmaculada Berlanga, and Sobrado, Beatriz Lloves
- Abstract
Copyright of F@ro: Revista Teórica del Departamento de Ciencias de la Comunicación y de la Información is the property of Universidad de Playa Ancha de Ciencias de la Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
12. Age and Gender influence on time of arrival for STEMI patients during Covid-19 pandemic.
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Moreno, Raúl, Alonso, Joaquín J., Caballero, Rafael, del Corral, Ervigio, Elízaga, Jaime, Asenjo, Roberto Martin, Mena, Manuel Jiménez, Alfonso, Fernando, Fernández-Ortiz, Antonio, Goicolea, Francisco Javier, Botas, Javier, Navarro, Felipe, Alegría-Barrero, Eduardo, Ansede, Juan Carlos, de Sá, Esteban López, and López-Sendón, José Luis
- Published
- 2021
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13. La sostenibilidad de los destinos cubanos de turismo de naturaleza: un enfoque cuantitativo.
- Author
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Pérez, Víctor, Guerrero, Flor, González, Mercedes, Pérez, Fátima, and Caballero, Rafael
- Abstract
Copyright of Tourism & Management Studies is the property of Escola Superior de Gestao, Hotelaria e Turismo, Universidade do Algarve and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
14. Please don't stop the music: A meta-analysis of the cognitive and academic benefits of instrumental musical training in childhood and adolescence.
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Román-Caballero, Rafael, Vadillo, Miguel A., Trainor, Laurel J., and Lupiáñez, Juan
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NATURE & nurture ,MUSICAL form ,PERFORMANCE in children ,MUSICALS ,ADOLESCENCE ,MUSICAL perception ,MUSICAL ability - Abstract
An extensive literature has investigated the impact of musical training on cognitive skills and academic achievement in children and adolescents. However, most of the studies have relied on cross-sectional designs, which makes it impossible to elucidate whether the observed differences are a consequence of the engagement in musical activities. Previous meta-analyses with longitudinal studies have also found inconsistent results, possibly due to their reliance on vague definitions of musical training. In addition, more evidence has appeared in recent years. The current meta-analysis investigates the impact of early programs that involve learning to play musical instruments on cognitive skills and academic achievement, as previous meta-analyses have not focused on this form of musical training. Following a systematic search, 34 independent samples of children and adolescents were included, with a total of 176 effect sizes and 5998 participants. All the studies had pre-post designs and, at least, one control group. Overall, we found a small but significant benefit (g ‾ Δ = 0.26) with short-term programs, regardless of whether they were randomized or not. In addition, a small advantage at baseline was observed in studies with self-selection (g ‾ pre = 0.28), indicating that participants who had the opportunity to select the activity consistently showed a slightly superior performance prior to the beginning of the intervention. Our findings support a nature and nurture approach to the relationship between instrumental training and cognitive skills. Nevertheless, evidence from well-conducted studies is still scarce and more studies are necessary to reach firmer conclusions. • Benefits of musical training have been examined across disparate musical activities. • Instrumental learning is ideal for investigating the causal benefits of musical training. • Learning to play an instrument has a positive impact on cognitive skills and academic achievement. • Children and adolescents who self-select musical training tend to have better performance at baseline. • Cross-sectional results may reveal both preexisting and caused cognitive advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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15. A multiobjective fuzzy model for selecting and planning a project portfolio in a public organisation
- Author
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Pérez, FÁ¡tima, Caballero, Rafael, Carazo, Ana F., Gómez, Trinidad, and Liern, Vicente
- Abstract
Our purpose in this paper is to assist decision-makers in the task of selecting project portfolios to satisfy their requirements and guarantee profitable growth. This task usually involves decision-makers having to face multiple objectives and constraints, as well as the uncertainty associated with certain parameters of the problem. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a multiobjective programming model, which includes uncertainty through the use of fuzzy parameters and allows us to represent information not fully known by the decision-makers. The resulting model has been applied to a project portfolio selection process in a public organisation.
- Published
- 2015
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16. Baseline susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B in southern Florida to cyantraniliprole.
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Caballero, Rafael, Cyman, Sabrina, Schuster, David J., Portillo, Héctor E., and Slater, Russell
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DISEASE susceptibility ,SWEETPOTATO whitefly ,AMINOBENZOIC acid derivatives ,INSECTICIDES ,XYLEM ,COTTONSEED ,BIOLOGICAL assay - Abstract
Abstract: Cyantraniliprole 200 mg ai l
−1 (Cyazypyr™ 200 SC) is a new xylem systemic insecticide in the anthranilic diamide chemistry class. A systemic laboratory bioassay using cut stems of cotton seedlings was developed to quantify the baseline susceptibility of nymphs and adults of the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B, to cyantraniliprole. Bioassays were conducted on a susceptible laboratory colony and nine field populations collected in 2008, 2009 and 2010 in southern Florida. Bioassays with cyantraniliprole on the susceptible colony (targeting nymphs with exposure initiated at the egg stage) revealed pooled LC50 and slope values of 0.017 mg ai l−1 and 1.766 (SE = 0.125) in 2008, respectively, and 0.013 mg ai l−1 and 1.355 (SE = 0.156) in 2009, correspondingly. Adult bioassays generated pooled LC50 and slope values of 0.049 mg ai l−1 and 3.201 (SE = 0.367) in 2010, respectively. LC50 and slope values targeting nymphs (as above) of field populations ranged from 0.013 to 0.023 mg ai l−1 and 1.425 (SE = 0.167) to 1.923 (SE = 0.187), respectively, in 2008, and 0.023 to 0.034 mg ai l−1 and 1.682 (SE = 0.140) to 2.318 (SE = 0.226), respectively, in 2009. Resistance ratio values at 50% mortality (RR50 ) on nymphs of field colonies ranged from 0.784 to 1.346 in 2008 and from 1.760 to 2.589 in 2009. Bioassays with adult field populations yielded LC50 and slope values ranging from 0.037 to 0.059 mg ai l−1 and 2.639 (SE = 0.561) to 6.948 (SE = 1.294), respectively, in 2010. The RR50 values for adults from field colonies ranged from 0.752 to 1.207. The overlapping fiducial limits of the LC50 values, the low RR50 values, and the lack of significant differences in the slopes of probit lines between laboratory and field colonies, indicate that the B. tabaci populations present in southern Florida fields were highly sensitive to cyantraniliprole. These data will be helpful in monitoring for any changes in susceptibility as a result of use of the insecticide. The baseline information developed in the present study confirmed the susceptibility of field populations in Florida to cyantraniliprole and will be an essential component of a resistance management program to help ensure the continued viability of cyantraniliprole for B. tabaci management. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2013
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17. Flash pulmonary edema and renal artery stenosis: pickering syndrome.
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Alonso, Joaquín Valle, Caballero, Rafael Merino, Lopera, Elisa Lopera, Avalos, Francisco Carrasco, and Navarro, Carmen
- Abstract
Flash pulmonary edema is an important diagnosis to make in the emergency department (ED); it is a type of recurrent pulmonary edema. It can be observed in patients with unilateral as well as bilateral stenosis. The prognosis is usually excellent upon treatment of the stenoses. The recent recommendation from the 20th European Meeting on Hypertension has proposed naming this clinical entity Pickering syndrome. Currently, it is one of the few clear indications for endovascular procedures in atherosclerotic renovascular disease. We present a case of a 73-year-old woman with the Pickering syndrome and a good outcome after revascularization. The case was suspected from the ED showing that history taking and physical examination are of utmost importance in the ED. The Pickering syndrome should be considered a hypertensive emergency and be part of the differential diagnosis of noncardiogenic acute pulmonary edema benefiting from a fast aggressive interventional therapeutic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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18. A Functional-Logic Perspective of Parsing.
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Middeldorp, Aart, Sato, Taisuke, Caballero, Rafael, and López-Fraguas, Francisco J.
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Parsing has been a traditional workbench for showing the virtues of declarative programming. Both logic and functional programming claim the ability of writing parsers in a natural and concise way. We address here the task from a functional-logic perspective. By modelling parsers as non-deterministic functions we achieve a very natural manner of building parsers, which combines the nicest properties of the functional and logic approaches. In particular, we are able to define parsers within our framework in a style very close to that of functional programming parsers, but using simpler concepts. Moreover, we have moved beyond usual declarative approaches to parsers, since the functional-logic parsers presented here can be considered as truly data values. As an example of this feature we define a function that detects ambiguous grammars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
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19. Interactive design of personalised tourism routes.
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Rodríguez, Beatriz, Molina, Julián, Pérez, Fátima, and Caballero, Rafael
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TOURISM management ,TOURISTS ,MULTIPLE criteria decision making ,SOCIAL action ,SOCIAL conflict - Abstract
Abstract: The tourism sector has evolved in recent times, with a transformation in tourists’ preferences and behaviour. They are increasingly abandoning standard tours in favour of more personalised options. New technologies offer easy access to a large amount of tourism information. However, this also means it is difficult for a decision-maker to assess all the possible alternatives for designing a customised trip. Making such decisions may well require the resolution of conflicting objectives. Therefore, in this paper we develop a tool that provides each tourist with the itinerary best suited to their needs. This itinerary can include the desired different activities on an established schedule, bearing in mind the tourist’s wishes and needs, along with the characteristics of the area. This is done by using a mathematical model and interactive multi-criteria techniques. Finally, we will carry out a practical application in the Autonomous Region of Andalusia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
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20. PARTOGRAMA EN MUJERES MULTÍPARAS CON MANEJO MÉDICO DEL TRABAJO DE PARTO.
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Parra, Mauro C., Astudillo, Julio D., Caballero, Rafael T., Terra, Rodrigo A., Araneda, Max A., Atria, Arturo A., Rau, Carlos M., and Pérez, Sebastián B.
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología is the property of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Sphenoidal meningoencephalocele associated with CSF fistula and arteriovenous malformation Spetzler-Martin V: A case report
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Ramírez-Ferrer, Esteban, Aponte-Caballero, Rafael, Aguilera-Pena, Maria Paula, Mendoza-Ayús, Santiago David, Osorio-Bohorquez, Luis Alejandro, and Riveros-Castillo, William Mauricio
- Abstract
Cerebral Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are presumed congenital anomalies of the blood vessels, which can increase intracranial pressure by uncertain mechanisms.
- Published
- 2022
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22. Declarative Debugging for Encapsulated Search.
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Caballero, Rafael and Lux, Wolfgang
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LOGIC ,PHILOSOPHY of language ,INFORMATION theory ,PHILOSOPHY - Abstract
Declarative debugging has been proposed as a suitable technique for developing debuggers in the context of declarative languages. However, to become really useful debuggers must be able to deal with those parts of the languages that have no clear declarative semantics but are widely used in realistic programs. We explain in this paper how a declarative debugger of wrong answers for the lazy functional-logic language Curry can be extended to debug programs including the encapsulated search, an important feature of this language designed to control non-deterministic computation steps. We show how this can be done without introducing any changes in the compiler. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2002
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23. A Declarative Debugging System for Lazy Functional Logic Programs.
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Caballero, Rafael and Rodríguez-Artalejo, Mario
- Subjects
DEBUGGING ,COMPUTER software ,PROTOTYPES ,INFORMATION theory - Abstract
We present a declarative debugger for lazy functional logic programs with polymorphic type discipline. Whenever a 0computed answer is considered wrong by the user (error symptom), the debugger locates a program fragment (function defining rule) responsible for the error. The notions of symptom and error have a declarative meaning w.r.t. to an intended program semantics. Debugging is performed by searching in a computation tree which is a logical representation of the computation. Following a known technique, our tool is based on a program transformation: transformed programs return computation trees along with the results expected by source programs. Our transformation is provably correct w.r.t. well-typing and program semantics. As additional improvements w.r.t. related approaches, we solve a previously open problem concerning the use of curried functions, and we provide a correct method for avoiding redundant questions to the user during debugging. A prototype implementation of the debugger is available. Case studies and extensions are planned as future work. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2002
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24. Policy schemes and targeted technologies in an extensive cereal–sheep farming system
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Caballero, Rafael
- Abstract
Many commentators and experts arguethat extensive agricultural systems across theEuropean Union (EU) should be supported toreach the two main functions of the EuropeanModel of Agriculture (EMA): lively economicsystems and environmental awareness. We arguethat the main current policy instrument of theEMA, the CAP (Common Agricultural Policy),should be targeted to take advantage ofexisting regional diversity in social realitiesand agricultural structures. Community-basedresearch work has been carried out throughoutthe 1990s in the cereal–sheep farming system ofCastile-La Mancha (south-central Spain), wherea system of land-use operates in which cerealcropping and sheep farming are carried out onthe same land. Local agricultural staff andfarmers acted as collaborators in rating themain constraints and devising proposals forstructural, social, and institutional reforms.Results showed that the two social groupsinvolved (cultivators and pastoralists) haddivergent interests and unbalanced numbers forcollective action to be effective. Governmentintervention is required, but current EUagricultural policy is not accomplishing therestructuring objectives. Results of theopinion survey also support switching the EUsubsidy scheme to sheep from a per-head basisto a per-hectare basis and making grazing landmore accessible to landless shepherds. Regionalpolicy schemes should be devised that aretailored to meet the circumstances ofparticular land areas, but sensible policyschemes can only be devised after properknowledge of the structure and institutionalframework of EU agricultural systems.
- Published
- 2002
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25. Carbohydrate and Protein Fractions of Fresh and Dried Common Vetch at Three Maturity Stages
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Caballero, Rafael, Alzueta, Carmen, Ortiz, Luis T., Rodríguez, Maria Luisa, Barro, Carmen, and Rebolé, Almudena
- Abstract
Mixed cereal and sheep (Ovis aries) production systems in the Mediterranean area and the Middle East region rely on annual forage legumes as a source of complementary forage. Fractionation of carbohydrates (CHO) and crude protein (CP) into chemical entities of refined biological significance may improve the forage utilization of these feed resources. Fresh and dried (field‐cured) common vetch (Vicia sativaL.) samples were collected during two growing seasons (1996–1997 and 1997–1998) at La Poveda Field Station in central Spain with the objective of determining chemical CHO and CP fractions required for application of new feed models (Cornell System). Fresh and dried samples were harvested at three maturity stages—flowering (>50% of plants with flowers), seed filling phase 1 (280 g DM kg−1seed), and seed filling phase 2 (380 g DM kg−1seed)—and the treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design. Nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC) and neutral‐detergent fiber (NDF), corrected for neutral‐detergent insoluble protein (NDIP), were evenly distributed in fresh and dried samples, and were not affected by maturity. The B1and B2CHO fractions were the most abundant with mean values of 342 and 303 g kg−1of total carbohydrates (TC), respectively, across maturities, harvest forms, and years. Fraction CP B2was the most abundant CP fraction with mean value of 408 g kg−1of total CP. Fraction CP B3was <100 g kg−1of total CP and increased with maturity. Harvesting common vetch within the seed filling phase would increase ruminal escape protein in vetch.
- Published
- 2001
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26. Effects of maturity on nutritive value of field-cured hays from common vetch and hairy vetch
- Author
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Ayed, Madiha Haj, González, Javier, Caballero, Rafael, and Alvir, María Remedios
- Abstract
Hay samples from common vetch and hairy vetch were collected at three maturity stages (bloom and two stages during pod-filling) with the aims of assessing the optimum harvesting stage and comparing the nutritive value of the two species. As maturation progressed, the hay content in cell wall increased and that of CP decreased. The two species showed different patterns in line with the maturing process, regarding digestibility of nutrients and effective degradability of DM and CP. Common vetch hay showed a progressive decrease of digestibility and degradability values in line with the maturing process of vegetative structures. Hairy vetch hay, however, showed a compensatory effect produced by an increasing grain proportion at later maturity stages. The nutritive value at flowering was higher for common vetch hay than for hairy vetch hay, but the opposite was observed at the stage of mature legumes. Voluntary DM intake was not affected by the species or harvest stages. Degradation studies, carried out by the nylon bag technique, showed that in these hays CP was extensively rumen degraded. Consequently, their digestible bypass protein should be low.
- Published
- 2001
27. Nutritive value of on-farm vetch-oat hays. I. Voluntary intake and nutrient digestibility
- Author
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Haj-Ayed, Madiha, González, Javier, Caballero, Rafael, and Alvir, María Remedios
- Abstract
Forage hay from the common vetch-oat intercrop has the potential to meet the forage deficit and integrate crop and livestock production in Mediterranean cereal-sheep systems. Groups of three wethers (1
$-$ 2 year-old) were randomly allocated to individual on-farm hays of a sample size of 12 with the aim of assessing variability of botanical and chemical fractions, digestibility of nutrients, and DM intake. Vetch content (g$\cdot$ kg$^{-1}$ DM) of hays (mean value = 557) ranged from 125 to 917. Mean contents (g$\cdot$ kg$^{-1}$ DM) of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were 126, 486, and 45 respectively. Variations of chemical composition between hays, and especially those of CP and ADL were partially explained by vetch proportion. Voluntary intake (g DM$\cdot$ kg$^{-1}\cdot$ BW$^{0.75}$ ) had a mean value of 64.2 and ranged from 49.0 to 78.9. Organic matter digestibility (mean value = 68.8% ) ranged from 59.9 to 72.6% . The digestibility coefficient of nutrients and voluntary intake showed lower variability than that of chemical fractions, which, in turn, had a lower variability than that of botanical composition. The mean digestible energy (DE) concentration of the study sample was 11.72 MJ DE$\cdot$ kg$^{-1}$ DM. Low variability of this value (CV = 5.9% ) indicated a compensatory effect between vetch and oat. Vetch proportion in hay gave a better explanation of the variation of CP intake (r$^2$ = 0.63) than of the variation of DE intake (r$^2$ = 0.37). On-farm hays with at least 50 production objective. This criterion may contribute to standardisation and marketing operations at the farm level.- Published
- 2000
28. Nutritive value of on-farm common vetch-oat hays. II. Ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein
- Author
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Haj-Ayed, Madiha, González, Javier, Caballero, Rafael, and Alvir, María Remedios
- Abstract
Rumen degradation characteristics and effective degradability (ED) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of 11 samples of common vetch-oat hay were determined using the nylon bag technique in three rumen fistulated wethers. Animals were fed at an intake level of 40 g DM
$\cdot$ kg$^{-1}\cdot$ BW$^{0.75}$ with a mixed diet of vetch-oat hay and concentrate (2:1 on DM). Mean values of ED of DM and CP, calculated for rumen outflow rates determined in each sheep, presented a moderate variation (mean = 65.8% ; CV = 7.9% for DM and mean = 79.3% ; CV = 4.7% for CP). Vetch proportion in hay was positively correlated with ED of DM (r = 0.412;$P < 0.05$ ) and ED of CP (r = 0.583;$P < 0.001$ ). Predictive equations of ED from chemical composition were obtained using the step wise procedure. The contents of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin explained 79.4% of the total variation of ED of DM. The best prediction of ED of CP was obtained with the concentration of cellulose as an independent variable (r$^2$ = 0.839). Degradation studies in these hays also indicated that the content of bypass protein, potentially digestible in the small intestine, was low. Thus, most N available to animals was derived from rumen microbial synthesis.- Published
- 2000
29. Yield Components and Forage Quality of Common Vetch during Pod Filling
- Author
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Caballero, Rafael, Barro, C., Rebolé, A., Arauzo, M., and Hernaiz, P. J.
- Abstract
Common vetch (Vicia sativaL.) is a high‐quality alternative forage legume in rainfed areas of the Mediterranean basin. Determining harvest strategies to maximize yield of available nutrients must include an assessment of morphological development, forage and grain yields, and changes in forage quality during seed filling. Field studies were conducted near Madrid, Spain, during the 1991–1992 and 1992–1993 growing seasons on a Typic Xerofluvent Entisol soil. Common vetch was sown in November and harvested in May and June of the following year. Maturity stages during pod filling were defined by progressively higher seed dry matter (DM) concentration (full bloom and 250–300, 450–550, and >800 g kg−1seed DM). Total herbage, seed, and crude protein yields were compared. Measurements of plant partitioning, acid‐detergent fiber, and acid‐detergent lignin were carried out by harvesting individual plants at seven maturity stages, similarly defined, during pod filling (200‐250, 250‐300, 350‐450, 450‐550, 600‐700, 700–800, and >800 g kg−1seed DM). Before 450–550 g kg−1seed DM, forage, seed, and crude protein yields increased with advancing maturity. As maturity advanced beyond 450–550 g kg−1seed DM, negative crop growth rates were found in the two growing seasons. Plant partitioning showed that the seed fraction in the harvested biomass varied from 74 g kg−1DM at 200‐250 g kg−1seed DM to 491 g kg−1DM at 450–550 g kg−1seed DM. Little change was observed in plant parts or seed weight beyond 450–550 g kg−1seed DM. This last stage of maturity is recommended for maximizing nutrient yield for common vetch hay production.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Accumulation and Redistribution of Mineral Elements in Common Vetch during Pod Filling
- Author
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Caballero, Rafael, Arauzo, M., and Hernaiz, P. J.
- Abstract
Common vetch (Vicia sativaL.) is an annual legume used for hay and grain. Field studies were conducted during two growing seasons (1991–1992 and 1992–1993) in a Mediterranean continental area of central Spain with the objectives of determining optimum harvest maturities for mineral composition and redistribution patterns of nutrient elements during seed‐filling. Maturity stages were defined as progressively higher DM concentration in the seed (full bloom and 200‐250, 250–300, 350–450, 450–550, 600–700, 700–800, and >800 g kg−1seed DM). Concentrations of most mineral nutrients showed a decreasing trend with advancing maturity. Maximum accumulation of N, P, Cu, and Zn was reached at the end of the period of rapid seed growth (450–550 g kg−1seed DM). These elements showed the greatest mobilization from vegetative structures, but did not supply the total needs for seed development during the phase of rapid seed growth. Potassium, Ca, and Mn showed the lowest level of remobilization to the seed, with maximum accumulation at the beginning of seed formation (200–250 g kg−1seed DM). In this case, remobilization oversupplied the seed needs. When harvested for hay at the 450–550 g kg−1seed DM, common vetch can return 30% of accumulated K, Ca, and Mn to the soil in unharvested biomass. If harvested for grain at maturity (>800 g kg−1seed DM), only 30 to 40% of accumulated N, P, Cu, and Zn remained in the crop residue; however, 75 to 95% of accumulated K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn remained. Both individual mineral nutrients accumulation‐redistribution patterns and diverse uses of the aerial biomass must be considered in assessing common vetch mineral nutrient needs.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Effectiveness of Cyantraniliprole for Managing Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Interfering with Transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus on Tomato
- Author
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Caballero, Rafael, Schuster, David J., Peres, Natalia A., Mangandi, Jozer, Hasing, Tomas, Trexler, Fred, Kalb, Steve, Portillo, Héctor E., Marçon, Paula C., and Annan, I. B.
- Abstract
Cyantraniliprole is the second xylem-systemic active ingredient in the new anthranilic diamide class. Greenhouse (2006), growth chamber (2007), and field studies (2009–2010) were conducted to determine the efficacy of cyantraniliprole for managing Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B and in interfering with transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) by this whitefly. Cyantraniliprole applied as soil treatments (200 SC) or foliar sprays (100 OD) provided excellent adult whitefly control, TYLCV suppression, and reduced oviposition and nymph survival, comparable to current standards. The positive results observed in these greenhouse experiments with a high level of insect pressure (10× the field threshold of one adult per plant) and disease pressure (five adults per plant, with a high level of confidence that TYLCV virulent adults were used), indicate a great potential for cyantraniliprole to be used in a whitefly management program. Field evaluations of soil drench treatments confirmed the suppression of TYLCV transmission demonstrated in the greenhouse studies. Field studies in 2009 and 2010 showed that cyantraniliprole (200 SC) provided TYLCV suppression for 2 wk after a drench application, when using a susceptible (2009) or imidacloprid-tolerant (2010) whitefly population. Cyantraniliprole was demonstrated to be a promising tool for management of TYLCV in tomato production, which is very difficult and expensive, and which has limited options. The integration of cyantraniliprole into a resistance management program will help to ensure the continued sustainability of this and current insecticides used for the management of insect vectors, including whiteflies and the TYLCV they spreads.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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