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The efficacy and safety of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) in treating treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are unknown. Up to June 21, 2023, we conducted a systematic search for RCTs, and then extracted and synthesized data using random effects models. Five RCTs involving 507 patients with TRD (243 in the active dTMS group and 264 in the control group) were included in the present study. The active dTMS group showed significantly higher study-defined response rate (45.3% versus 24.2%, n = 507, risk ratio [RR] = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–2.91, I2 = 53%; P = 0.005) and study-defined remission rate (38.3% versus 14.4%, n = 507, RR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.30–4.32, I2 = 58%; P = 0.005) and superiority in improving depressive symptoms (n = 507, standardized mean difference = −0.65, 95%CI: −1.11–−0.18, I2 = 82%; P = 0.006) than the control group. In terms of cognitive functions, no significant differences were observed between the two groups. The two groups also showed similar rates of other adverse events and all-cause discontinuations (P > 0.05). dTMS is an effective and safe treatment strategy for the management of patients with TRD. • Active dTMS can be a safe and effective treatment for patients with TRD. • The active dTMS group showed notably higher antidepressant response rates and remission rates and superiority in ameliorating depression-related symptoms than did the control group. • No significant differences were found regarding cognitive functions in the two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Second-Order Cone Programming (SOCP) algorithm, this paper proposes a hybrid optimization method to suppress the grating lobes of sparse arrays and improve the robustness of array layout. With the peak side-lobe level (PSLL) as the objective function, the paper adopts the particle swarm optimization as a global optimization algorithm to optimize the elements' positions, the convex optimization as a local optimization algorithm to optimize the elements' weights. The effectiveness of the grating lobes suppression (as low as -32.13 dB) by this method is illustrated through its application to the sparse linear array when the actual steering vector is known. To enhance the robustness of the optimized array, a rebuilt robust convex optimization model is adopted in the optimization of both array excitations and layout. When the array manifold mismatch error is 1 cm, the PSLL by the robust algorithm can be compressed to -27 dB, compared to that of -24 dB by the ordinary optimization. Results of a set of representative numerical experiments show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can obtain a more robust array layout and matched elements' weight coefficients to avoid the huge degradation of the array pattern performance in the presence of array manifold mismatch errors. The good performance of pattern synthesis demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed robust algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the distribution and changes in phosphorus (P) forms within surface and column sediments collected from the lakeshore area of Caohai, Dianchi Lake. Results showed that the sediments of the Caohai lakeshore area were high in total phosphorus (TP), with a maximum value of 2,452 mg•kg-1. The variation in P content within sediments from various regions was large. Inorganic phosphorus (IP) was the major part of TP. The Fe, Al, and Mn oxide and hydroxide (Fe/Al-P) content was higher than the calcium bound P content. This will facilitate the release of P into the water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the distribution and changes in phosphorus (P) forms within surface and column sediments collected from the lakeshore area of Caohai, Dianchi Lake. Results showed that the sediments of the Caohai lakeshore area were high in total phosphorus (TP), with a maximum value of 2,452 mg·kg-1. The variation in P content within sediments from various regions was large. Inorganic phosphorus (IP) was the major part of TP. The Fe, Al, and Mn oxide and hydroxide (Fe/Al-P) content was higher than the calcium bound P content. This will facilitate the release of P into the water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Resource competition of Cyanobacteria, Chlorococcalesa and diatoms for ammonium ions under steady and non-steady state," by Su Wen Yang and Xiang Can Jin is presented.