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Antibiotic resistance genes exist naturally in various environments far from human usage. Here, we investigated multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, a common pathogen of chimpanzees and humans. We screened antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniaefrom 48 chimpanzee stools and 38 termite mounds (n= 415 samples) collected in protected areas in Senegal.

We present here a new passive-filtration-based culture device combined with rapid identification with a new electron microscope (Hitachi TM4000) for the detection and culture of Treponemaspecies from the human oral cavity. Of the 44 oral samples cultivated, 15 (34%) were found to be positive for Treponemausing electron microscopy and were also culture positive. All were subcultured on agar plates; based on genome sequencing and analyses, 10 were strains of Treponema pectinovorumand 5 were strains of Treponema denticola.