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1. Return of genetic research results in 21,532 individuals with autism

Author

Wright, Jessica R., Astrovskaya, Irina, Barns, Sarah D., Goler, Alexandra, Zhou, Xueya, Shu, Chang, Snyder, LeeAnne Green, Han, Bing, Aarrestad, Alexandria, Abbeduto, Leonard, Aberbach, Gabriella, Aberle, Shelley, Adegbite, Adediwura, Adeniji, Debbie, Aguilar, Maria, Ahlers, Kaitlyn, Albright, Charles, Alessandri, Michael, Algaze, Zach, Alkazi, Jasem, Amador, Raquel, Amaral, David, Amon, Logan, Amundsen, Leonor, Andrus, Alicia, Anglo, Claudine, Annett, Robert, Arar, Adam, Arnold, Jonathan, Arriaga, Ivette, Arzate, Eduardo, Ashley, Raven, Aslamy, Leilemah, Baalman, Kelli, Baer, Melissa, Bahi, Ethan, Bailey, Joshua, Baldlock, Zachary, Banks, Grabrielle, Baraghoshi, Gabriele, Bardett, Nicole, Barrett, Mallory, Bartholomew, Yan, Bates, Heidi, Beard, Katie, Becerra, Juana, Beckwith, Malia, Beechan, Paige, Beeson, Landon, Beeson, Josh, Bell, Brandi, Belli, Monica, Bentley, Dawn, Berger, Natalie, Berman, Anna, Bernier, Raphael, Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth, Berwanger, Mary, Birdwell, Shelby, Blank, Elizabeth, Bond, Rebecca, Booker, Stephanie, Bordofsky, Aniela, Bower, Erin, Bowers, Lukas, Bradley, Catherine, Brayer, Heather, Brewster, Stephanie, Brown, Hallie, Brown, Alison, Brown, Melissa, Buck, Catherine, Buescher, Cate, Bullon, Kayleigh, Buraima, Joy, Butter, Eric, Caamano, Amalia, Cacciato, Nicole, CaI, Wenteng, Calderon, Norma, Callahan, Kristen, Camba, Alexies, Campo-Soria, Claudia, Caprara, Giuliana, Carbone, Paul, Carpenter, Laura, Carpenter, Sarah, Casseus, Myriam, Casten, Lucas, Catherine, Sullivan, Chappo, Ashley, Chavez, Kimberly, Cheathem-Johnson, Randi, Chen, Tia, Chintalapalli, Sharmista, Cho, Daniel, Choi, Y.B., Clark, Nia, Clark, Renee, Coffman, Marika, Coleman, Laura, Coleman, Kendra, Collins, Alister, Columbi, Costanza, Comitre, Joaquin, Constant, Stephanie, Contra, Arin, Conyers, Sarah, Cooper, Lindsey, Cooper, Cameron, Coppola, Leigh, Corlett, Allison, Corrales, Lady, Correa, Dahriana, Cottrell, Hannah, Coughlin, Michelle, Courchesne, Eric, Coury, Dan, Crocetti, Deana, Croson, Carrie, Crowell, Judith, Cubells, Joseph, Cunningham, Sean, Currin, Mary, Cutri, Michele, D'Ambrosi, Sophia, David, Giancarla, Davis, Ayana, Davis, Sabrina, Decius, Nickelle, Delaporte, Jennifer, DeMarco, Lindsey, Dennis, Brandy, Deronda, Alyssa, Dhawan, Esha, Dichter, Gabriel, Doan, Ryan, Dominick, Kelli, Ortega, Leonardo Dominquez, Doyle, Erin, Drayton, Andrea, DuBois, Megan, Dudley, Johnny, Duhon, Gabrielle, Duncan, Grabrielle, Duncan, Amie, Dunlevy, Megan, Dyer, Meaghan, Earl, Rachel, Edmonson, Catherine, Eldred, Sara, Elliott, Nelita, Emery, Brooke, Enright, Barbara, Erb, Sarah, Erickson, Craig, Esler, Amy, Estevez, Liza, Fanta, Anne, Fassler, Carrie, Fatemi, Ali, Fazal, Faris, Featherston, Marilyn, Ferguson, Jonathan, Fish, Angela, Fitzgerald, Kate, Flores, Kathleen, Fombonne, Eric, Foster, Margaret, Fowler, Tiffany, Fox, Emma, Fox, Emily, Francis, Sunday, Frayne, Margot, Froman, Sierra, Fuller, Laura, Galbraith, Virginia, Gallimore, Dakota, Gambrell, Ariana, Gazestani, Vahid, Geisheker, Madeleine R., Gerdts, Jennifer, Geschwind, Daniel, Ghaziuddin, Mohammad, Ghina, Haidar, Given, Erin, Goetz, Mykayla, Gong, Jared, Gonring, Kelsey, Gonzalez, Natalia, Gonzalez, Antonio, Goodwill, Ellie, Gordon, Rachel, Graham, Carter, Gray, Catherine, Grimes, Ellen, Griswold, Anthony, Gu, Pan, Guilfoyle, Janna, Gulsrud, Amanda, Gunderson, Jaclyn, Gunter, Chris, Gupta, Sanya, Gupta, Abha, Gutierrez, Anibal, Gwynette, Frampton, Haidar, Ghina, Hale, Melissa, Haley, Monica, Hall, Lauren K., Hamer, Kira, Hamilton, Piper, Hanna, Nathan, Hardan, Antonio, Harkins, Christina, Harrell, Eldric, Harris, Jill, Harris, Nina, Hayes, Caitlin, Hayse, Braden, Heckers, Teryn, Heerwagen, Kathryn, Hennelly, Daniela, Herbert, Lynette, Hermle, Luke, Hernandez, Briana, Herrera, Clara, Hess, Amy, Heyman, Michelle, Higgins, Lorrin, Phillips, Brittani Hilscher, Hirst, Kathy, Ho, Theodore, Hoffman, Emily, Hojlo, Margaret, Honaker, Makayla, Hong, Michael, Hooks, Gregory, Horner, Susannah, Horton, Danielle, Hounchell, Melanie, Howes, Dain, Huang-Storm, Lark, Hunter, Samantha, Hutter, Hanna, Hyde, Emily, Ibanez, Teresa, Ingram, Kelly, Istephanous, Dalia, Jacob, Suma, Jarratt, Andrea, Jelinek, Anna, Johnson, Mary, Jones, Mya, Jones, Garland, Jones, Mark, Jorgenson, Alissa, Judge, Jessyca, Kalb, Luther, Kalmus, Taylor, Kang, Sungeun, Kangas, Elizabeth, Kanne, Stephen, Kaplan, Hannah, Khan, Sara, Kim, Sophy, Kim, Annes, Kitaygordsky, Alex, Klaiman, Cheryl, Klever, Adam, Koene, Hope, Koomar, Tanner, Koza, Melinda, Kramer, Sydney, Krushena, Meghan, Kurtz-Nelson, Eva, Lamarche, Elena, Lampert, Erica, Lamy, Martine, Landa, Rebecca, Lebron-Cruz, Alexa, Lechniak, Holly, Lee, Soo, Leight, Bruce, Lerner, Matthew, Lesher, Laurie, Lewis, Courtney, Li, Hai, Li, Deana, Libove, Robin, Lillie, Natasha, Limon, Danica, Limpoco, Desi, Lin, Melody, Littlefield, Sandy, Lobisi, Brandon, Locarno, Laura, Long, Nancy, Long, Bailey, Long, Kennadie, Lopez, Marilyn, Lovering, Taylor, Lozano, Ivana, Lucio, Daniella, Luo, Addie, Luu, My-Linh, Lyon, Audrey, Ma, Julia, Madi, Natalie, Malloch, Lacy, Mankaryous, Reanna, Manning, Patricia, Mantey, Alvin, Marini, Richard, Marsden, Alexandra, Marwali, Clarissa, Marzano, Gabriela, Mason, Andrew, Mastel, Sarah, Mathai, Sheena, Matthews, Emily, Matusoff, Emma, Maxim, Clara, McCarthy, Caitlin, McClellen, Lynn, Mccoy, Nicole, McCullough, Kaylen, McDonald, Brooke, McGalliard, Julie, McIntyre, Anne-Marie, McKenna, Brooke, McKenzie, Alexander, McTaggart, Megan, Meinen, Hannah, Melnyk, Sophia, Miceli, Alexandra, Michaels, Sarah, Michaelson, Jacob, Milan, Estefania, Miller, Melissa, Milliken, Anna, Minton, Kyla, Mitchell, Terry, Gunn, Amanda Moffitt, Mohiuddin, Sarah, Money, Gina, Montezuma, Jessie, Mooney, Lindsey, Moore, Margo, Morales-Lara, Amy, Morgan, Kelly, Morotti, Hadley, Morrier, Michael, Munoz, Maria, Lavanderos, Ambar Munoz, Murali, Shwetha, Murillo, Karla, Murray, Kailey, Myhre, Erin, Neely, Jason, Neuhaus, Emily, Newman, Olivia, Nguyen, Richard, Nguyen, Victoria, Nichols, Evelyn, Nicholson, Amy, Niederhauser, Melanie, Norris, Megan, Norton, Shai, Nowell, Kerri, O’Brien, Kaela, O’Meara, Mitchell, O’Neil, Molly, O'Roak, Brian, Ocampo, Edith, Ochoa-Lubinoff, Cesar, Oft, Anna, Orobio, Jessica, Ortiz, Crissy, Ousley, Opal, Oyeyemi, Motunrayo, Pacheco, Lillian, Palacios, Valeria, Palmer, Samiza, Palmeri, Isabella, Pama, Katrina, Pandey, Juhi, Paolicelli, Anna Marie, Parker, Jaylaan, Patterson, Morgan, Pawlowski, Katherine, Pedapati, Ernest, Pepper, Michah, Perrin, Jeremy, Peura, Christine, Phillips, Diamond, Pierce, Karen, Piven, Joseph, Plate, Juhi, Polanco, Jose, Pott-Schmidt, Natalie, Pramparo, Tiziano, Pratt, Taleen, Prock, Lisa, White, Stormi Pulver, Qi, Hongjian, Qiu, Shanping, Queen, Eva, Questel, Marcia, Quinones, Ashley, Rambeck, Desiree, Randall, Shelley, Ranganathan, Vaikunt, Raymond, Laurie, Rayos, Madelyn, Real, Kelly, Rhea, Anna, Rice, Catherine, Richardson, Harper, Riffle, Stacy, Robertson, Tracy, Roby, Erin, Rocha, Ana, Roche, Casey, Rodriguez, Nicki, Rodriguez, Bianca, Roeder, Katherine, Rojas, Daniela, Rosewater, Jacob, Rosselott, Hilary, Runyan, Payton, Russo, Nicole, Rutter, Tara, Ruzzo, Elizabeth, Sahin, Mustafa, Salem, Fatima, Sanchez, Rebecca, Sanders, Muave, Sanderson, Tayler, Sandhu, Sophie, Sanford, Katelyn, Santangelo, Susan, Santulli, Madeline, Sarver, Dustin, Savage, Madeline, Scherr, Jessica, Schneider, Hoa, Schools, Hayley, Schoonover, Gregory, Schultz, Robert, Sebolt, Cheyanne, Shaffer, Rebecca, Shameen, Sana, Sherard, Curry, Shikov, Roman, Shillington, Amelle, Shir, Mojeeb, Shocklee, Amanda, Shrier, Clara, Shulman, Lisa, Siegel, Matt, Simon, Andrea, Simon, Laura, Singh, Arushi, Singh, Vini, Smalley, Devin, Smith, Kaitlin, Smith, Chris, Smith, Ashlyn, Soorya, Latha, Soscia, Julia, Soucy, Aubrie, Stchur, Laura, Steele, Morgan, Srishyla, Diksha, Stamps, Danielle, Sussman, Nicole, Swanson, Amy, Sweeney, Megan, Sziklay, Anthony, Tafolla, Maira, Taiba, Jabeen, Takahashi, Nicole, Terroso, Sydney, Strathearn, Camilla, Thomas, Taylor, Thompson, Samantha, Touchette, Ellyn, Townsend, Laina, Trog, Madison, Tsai, Katherine, Tseng, Angela, Tshering, Paullani, Tso, Ivy, Valicenti-Mcdermott, Maria, VanMetre, Bonnie, VanWade, Candace, Turecki, Samuel, Vargo, Kerrigan, Vattuone, Cristiana, Veenstra-Vanderweele, Jeremy, Vehorn, Alison, Benitez Velazquez, Alan Jesus, Verdi, Mary, Villalobos, Michele, Vrittamani, Lakshmi, Wainer, Allison, Wallace, Jermel, Walston, Corrie, Wang, Jiayaho, Ward, Audrey, Warren, Zachary, Washington, Katherine, Westerkamp, Grace, White, Sabrina, Wink, Logan, Winoto, Fiona, Winters, Sarah, Wodka, Ericka, Xavier, Samantha, Xu, Sidi, Yang, Yi, Yang, WhaJames, Yang, Amy, Yinger, Meredith, Yu, Timothy, Zaro, Christopher, Zha, Cindy, Zhang, Haicang, Zhao, Haoquan, Zick, Allyson, Salmon, Lauren Ziegelmayer, Shen, Yufeng, Volfovsky, Natalia, Hall, Jacob B., Feliciano, Pamela, and Chung, Wendy K.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to identify likely pathogenic (LP) and pathogenic (P) genetic results for autism that can be returned to participants in SPARK (SPARKforAutism.org): a large recontactable cohort of people with autism in the United States. We also describe the process to return these clinically confirmed genetic findings.

Published
2024
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2. Sex Differences in Health Conditions Associated with Sexual Assault in a Large Hospital Population

Author

Lake, Allison M., Goleva, Slavina B., Samuels, Lauren R., Carpenter, Laura M., and Davis, Lea K.

Abstract

Introduction:Sexual assault is an urgent public health concern with both immediate and long-lasting health consequences, affecting 44% of women and 25% of men during their lifetimes. Large studies are needed to understand the unique healthcare needs of this patient population. Methods:We mined clinical notes to identify patients with a history of sexual assault in the electronic health record (EHR) at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), a large university hospital in the Southeastern USA, from 1989 to 2021 (N= 3,376,424). Using a phenome-wide case-control study, we identified diagnoses co-occurring with disclosures of sexual assault. We performed interaction tests to examine whether sex modified any of these associations. Association analyses were restricted to a subset of patients receiving regular care at VUMC (N= 833,185). Results:The phenotyping approach identified 14,496 individuals (0.43%) across the VUMC-EHR with documentation of sexual assault and achieved a positive predictive value of 93.0% (95% confidence interval = 85.6–97.0%), determined by manual patient chart review. Out of 1,703 clinical diagnoses tested across all subgroup analyses, 465 were associated with sexual assault. Sex-by-trauma interaction analysis revealed 55 sex-differential associations and demonstrated increased odds of psychiatric diagnoses in male survivors. Discussion:This case-control study identified associations between disclosures of sexual assault and hundreds of health conditions, many of which demonstrated sex-differential effects. The findings of this study suggest that patients who have experienced sexual assault are at risk for developing wide-ranging medical and psychiatric comorbidities and that male survivors may be particularly vulnerable to developing mental illness.

Published
2022
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3. Neighborhood Disadvantage Associated With Blunted Amygdala Reactivity to Predictable and Unpredictable Threat in a Community Sample of Youth

Author

Huggins, Ashley A., McTeague, Lisa M., Davis, Megan M., Bustos, Nicholas, Crum, Kathleen I., Polcyn, Rachel, Adams, Zachary W., Carpenter, Laura A., Hajcak, Greg, Halliday, Colleen A., Joseph, Jane E., and Danielson, Carla Kmett

Abstract

Childhood socioeconomic disadvantage is a form of adversity associated with alterations in critical frontolimbic circuits involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Most work has focused on individual-level socioeconomic position, yet individuals living in deprived communities typically encounter additional environmental stressors that have unique effects on the brain and health outcomes. Notably, chronic and unpredictable stressors experienced in the everyday lives of youth living in disadvantaged neighborhoods may impact neural responsivity to uncertain threat.

Published
2022
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4. Prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal factors associated with self-injurious behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Author

Soke, Gnakub Norbert, Rosenberg, Steve A., Hamman, Richard F., Fingerlin, Tasha E., Rosenberg, C. Robinson, Carpenter, Laura, Lee, Li-Ching, Giarelli, Ellen, Wiggins, Lisa D., Durkin, Maureen S., and DiGuiseppi, Carolyn

Abstract

Abstract Background Studies that examine the role of factors documented before self-injurious behaviors (SIB) occur are important in establishing a temporal relationship between these factors and SIB. Using data from a population-based surveillance system of 8-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we: (1) explored potential associations between SIB and prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal factors identified from birth certificates, and 2) validated associations between SIB and developmental, behavioral, medical factors accounting for the above prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal factors. Methods We included 4343 children from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network from the 2000, 2006, and 2008 surveillance years. Prenatal, perinatal and neonatal characteristics were obtained from birth certificates. SIB and other potential risk factors were abstracted from children's health or education records. The associations between SIB and various potential risk factors were tested using non-linear mixed models. Results Lower maternal educational attainment (adjusted odds-ratio [aOR]: 1.35 [95% confidence interval 1.10–1.67]), prenatal maternal cigarette smoking (1.47 [1.09–1.98]), and electronic fetal monitoring during labor (1.70 [1.02–2.84]) were associated with SIB. In addition, we validated previous associations between SIB and developmental regression, lower IQ, behavioral, sensory and sleep problems, co-occurring developmental and psychiatric diagnoses. Conclusions The associations between SIB and maternal smoking, low maternal education attainment may be due to various factors, including low SES and limited access to specialized ASD services. Electronic fetal monitoring may be a marker for unmeasured perinatal complications. Findings reported in this study have implications for better understanding of factors associated with SIB to guide prevention and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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8. News Media Constructing Male Circumcision and Female Genital Cutting as Public Health Problems.

Author

Carpenter, Laura

Subjects
MASS media, GROUNDED theory, PUBLIC health, CIRCUMCISION
Abstract

This paper explicates the news media's role in propelling selected health-related threats to public prominence in the U.S., by comparing print news coverage of male circumcision (MC) and female genital cutting (FGC) from 1985-2005. What MC- and FGC-related issues do journalists cover and how (e.g., citing which sources, presenting which frames)? A combination of modified grounded theory and Altheide's qualitative media analysis framework are used to analyze 550 non-editorial items mentioning MC and/or FGC published between 1985-2005 in 10 national and regional newspapers and 6 magazines. Overall, news media treated FGC as considerably more problematic than MC; trivialized FGC less often; perpetuated medical and religious framings of MC; and cited establishment sources more often than non-mainstream sources, even as they were more responsive to anti-FGC activists and more accepting of non-mainstream sources on FGC. These differences can be explained in terms of journalists' news values (e.g., oddity, controversy) and preference for establishment sources (e.g., medical associations vs. parents), anti-FGC activists' alliance with mainstream actors; the "foreignness" of FGC and "normalcy" of MC; public concern about immigration and cultural relativism; and consistency with widely-shared cultural conventions (e.g., the belief that women are more vulnerable than men). ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009

9. Theorizing Remedicalization: Routine Infant Male Circumcision in the United States and Great Britain.

Author

Carpenter, Laura M.

Subjects
CIRCUMCISION, MEDICALIZATION, SOCIAL medicine
Abstract

While theoretically important, demedicalization - the processes whereby conditions understood as matters of health/illness come to be redefined in non-medical terms - and remedicalization - the processes whereby those medical meanings are restored - have yet to be adequately specified. This paper undertakes that specification by comparing the histories of routine male circumcision (MC) in the United States and Great Britain. MC became medicalized to a similar extent, through similar processes, in both countries before World War II. However, by the 1960s, routine MC was almost completely demedicalized in Britain and almost universal in the U.S.; it became partially demedicalized after the 1970s. Medical professionals and insurance/healthcare systems drove demedicalization in both countries; in the U.S., grassroots activists also played a critical role, while medical community "holdouts" and parent-consumers resisted demedicalization. Recent developments, including research linking MC to HIV prevention, innovations in infant pain relief, and deaths following religious MC, are differentially likely to produce remedicalization in the two nations, given differences in MC prevalence, HIV epidemiology, insurance/health systems, opportunities for activism, and status of religious groups. Research on (de/re)medicalization should attend more closely to medical "holdouts" from previous eras, prevalence and duration of medicalized practices; and barriers to promoting non-medical interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008

10. The News Media and the Public Debate over Routine Male Circumcision.

Author

Carpenter, Laura M.

Subjects
DEBATE, CIRCUMCISION, INFANT boys, PRESS, HEALTH policy, PUBLIC health
Abstract

This paper uses the case of public debate over routine infant male circumcision (MC) in the U.S. to explore how interactions among mainstream medical associations, grassroots activists, and the news media contribute to the development of public health policy. Data come from 129 documents produced by medical associations, social movement organizations opposing MC, and national print news media, from 1975-2000. Medical associations and activists both deployed culturally resonant frames emphasizing individual rights, avoidance of involuntary risks, and religious freedom. MC opponents were far more responsive to the activities of the medical establishment than vice versa. Despite efforts to balance coverage of MC, journalists were significantly more responsive to the perspectives of mainstream medicine and religious organizations than to the views of MC foes. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006

11. Virginity Loss in Reel/Real Life: Using Popular Movies to Navigate Sexual Initiation.

Author

Carpenter, Laura M.

Subjects
VIRGINITY, MASS media & youth, VIRGINITY in motion pictures, TEENAGERS' sexual behavior, PREMARITAL sex, PORNOGRAPHY
Abstract

The article discusses a study of young Americans' understandings and experiences of virginity loss. This study included the use of semi-structured interview guide which had a series of open-ended items specifically about virginity loss in mass media like motion pictures, television, magazines, and pornography. Many parents, politicians, religious leaders, and journalists take it for granted that the mass media have powerful, largely harmful effects on adolescents' sexual lives. Surveys routinely find that teenage boys and girls cite mass media as one of the top three-to-five sources from which they have learned about sexuality.

Published
2005

12. A Quasi-Experimental Investigation of Video Modeling to Improve Job Performance in Three Young Adults With Autism.

Author

Carpenter, Laura J., Griffin, Haley Irene, and McKellar, Sarah

Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions, OCCUPATIONAL therapy, AUTISM, JOB performance, VIDEO recording
Abstract

Date Presented 04/01/2022 Adults with autism are under-employed, often because of deficits in social skills and related executive functioning skills. Video modeling (VM) is an effective, efficient intervention for adults with autism. This poster describes a single-case design, ABA study in which three subjects engaged in a VM intervention targeting interpersonal and social skills participation embedded in job performance. Results suggested improved participation in social skills embedded in job performance tasks. Primary Author and Speaker: Laura J. Carpenter Additional Authors and Speakers: Haley Irene Griffin, Sarah McKellar [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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13. Sex After 40?: How Social Norms about Gender and Aging Shape Sexual Activity in Midlife.

Author

Carpenter, Laura M., Nathanson, Constance A., and Kim, Young J.

Subjects
MIDDLE-aged men's sexual behavior, MIDDLE-aged women's sexual behavior, SOCIAL factors, MIDDLE-aged people's sexual behavior, OLDER people's sexual behavior
Abstract

This paper examines the understudied relationship between gender and heterosexual sexual activity in midlife. We use multinomial logistic regression to analyze data from 1,240 women and men, aged 40 to 59, who participated in the National Health and Social Life Survey. Despite similar numbers of sexual partners per year in early middle age, after age 50, women report fewer partners--more often no partners--than men. Age, sexual conservatism, and not cohabiting all predict lower levels of sexual activity for both genders. The negative effects of age begin at earlier ages for women than men, suggesting that ageism and sexism combine to women’s disadvantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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14. Potential Impact of DSM-5 Criteria on Autism Spectrum Disorder Prevalence Estimates.

Author

Maenner, Matthew J., Rice, Catherine E., Arneson, Carrie L., Cunniff, Christopher, Schieve, Laura A., Carpenter, Laura A., Van Naarden Braun, Kim, Kirby, Russell S., Bakian, Amanda V., and Durkin, Maureen S.

Subjects
AUTISM spectrum disorders, AUTISM spectrum disorders in children, DISEASE prevalence, DIAGNOSIS of developmental disabilities, PEDIATRIC diagnosis, DIAGNOSIS
Abstract

IMPORTANCE The DSM-5 contains revised diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from the DSM-IV-TR. Potential impacts of the new criteria on ASD prevalence are unclear. OBJECTIVE To assess potential effects of the DSM-5 ASD criteria on ASD prevalence estimation by retrospectively applying the new criteria to population-based surveillance data collected for previous ASD prevalence estimation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional, population-based ASD surveillance based on clinician review of coded behaviors documented in children's medical and educational evaluations from 14 geographically defined areas in the United States participating in the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network in 2006 and 2008. This study included 8-year-old children living in ADDM Network study areas in 2006 or 2008, including 644 883 children under surveillance, of whom 6577 met surveillance ASD case status based on the DSM-IV-TR. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Proportion of children meeting ADDM Network ASD criteria based on the DSM-IV-TR who also met DSM-5 criteria; overall prevalence of ASD using DSM-5 criteria. RESULTS Among the 6577 children classified by the ADDM Network as having ASD based on the DSM-IV-TR, 5339 (81.2%)met DSM-5 ASD criteria. This percentage was similar for boys and girls but higher for those with than without intellectual disability (86.6%and 72.5%, respectively; P < .001). A total of 304 children met DSM-5 ASD criteria but not current ADDM Network ASD case status. Based on these findings, ASD prevalence per 1000 for 2008 would have been 10.0 (95%CI, 9.6-10.3) using DSM-5 criteria compared with the reported prevalence based on DSM-IV-TR criteria of 11.3 (95%CI, 11.0-11.7). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Autism spectrum disorder prevalence estimates will likely be lower under DSM-5 than under DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria, although this effect could be tempered by future adaptation of diagnostic practices and documentation of behaviors to fit the new criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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15. Practical Techniques for Teaching Online: Lessons from the Trenches.

Author

Simmons, Kate D., Shumack, Kellie, and Carpenter, Laura

Subjects
COMPUTER assisted instruction, INTERNET in education, POSTSECONDARY education, HIGHER education, COMPUTERS in education
Abstract

Online courses have emerged as an increasingly important component of higher education. Population growth, institutional competition, and the changing needs of the learner are influencing the increased desire for online courses (Conrad & Pedro, 2009). Accompanying this growth in online courses is an increasing body of research on teaching online. By comparison, fewer investigations explore the planning and development of online courses. This article aims to describe the time consuming process and successful development of three (undergraduate and graduate level) online courses at a small public four-year institution. The authors hope that what they have learned through this process will be beneficial to those building online courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011

16. SPELLING AND ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY: HELPING STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES BE SUCCESSFUL WRITERS.

Author

Simmons, Kate D. and Carpenter, Laura B.

Subjects
ORTHOGRAPHY & spelling, ASSISTIVE computer technology, STUDENTS with disabilities, AUTHORS, INDIVIDUALIZED education programs
Abstract

Successful writers have proficient skills in three areas: handwriting, spelling and composition. Many students with disabilities experience difficulties in the area of spelling, which in turn may lead to difficulty in composing written work. Spelling deficits should be addressed by the student's Individualized Education Program (IEP) team to determine whether the student needs intervention, assistive technology (AT), or a combination of both to become a successful speller. This article describes evidence-based spelling supplements and assistive technology devices to help all students overcome spelling difficulties. Three examples of students who have composition problems exacerbated by poor spelling ability are described to illustrate the possibilities for spelling improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010

17. Changes in autism spectrum disorder prevalence in 4 areas of the United States.

Author

Rice, Catherine, Nicholas, Joyce, Baio, Jon, Pettygrove, Sydney, Lee, Li-Ching, Van Naarden Braun, Kim, Doernberg, Nancy, Cunniff, Chris, Newschaffer, Craig, Meaney, F. John, Charles, Jane, Washington, Anita, King, Lydia, Kolotos, Maria, Mancilla, Kristen, Mervis, Cynthia A., Carpenter, Laura, and Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn

Subjects
AUTISM spectrum disorders, DISEASE prevalence, DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities, DISABILITY identification, PATIENT monitoring, PUBLIC health, DIAGNOSIS
Abstract

Abstract: Background: We sought to describe autism spectrum disorder (ASD) population characteristics and changes in identified prevalence across 3 time periods. Methods: Children with a potential ASD were identified through records abstraction at multiple sources with clinician review based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV-TR) criteria. Multisite, population-based data from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network were analyzed from areas of Arizona (AZ), Georgia (GA), Maryland (MD), and South Carolina (SC). Participants were 8-year-old children (born in 1992, 1994, or 1996) in 2000, 2002, or 2004 (and children born in 1988 residing in metropolitan Atlanta in 1996) who had been evaluated for a variety of developmental concerns at education and/or health sources. Results: From 2000 to 2004, the identified prevalence of the ASDs per 1,000 8-year-old children showed significant increases of 38% in GA and 72% in MD and a nonsignificant increase of 26% in AZ. ASD prevalence was relatively stable in SC with a nonsignificant decrease of 17%. Males had a higher identified prevalence of ASD in all years. Increases among racial, ethnic, and cognitive functioning subgroups varied by site and surveillance year. More children were classified with an ASD by community professionals over time, except in AZ. Conclusions: There was a trend toward increase in identified ASD prevalence among 8-year-old children who met the surveillance case definition in 3 of the 4 study sites from 2000 to 2004. Some of the observed increases are due to improved ascertainment; however, a true increase in ASD symptoms cannot be ruled out. These data confirm that the prevalence of ASDs is undergoing significant change in some areas of the United States and that ASDs continue to be of urgent public health concern. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2010
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18. C-Reactive Protein as a Prognostic Marker After Lacunar Stroke

Author

Elkind, Mitchell S.V., Luna, Jorge M., McClure, Leslie A., Zhang, Yu, Coffey, Christopher S., Roldan, Ana, Brutto, Oscar H. Del, Pretell, Edwin Javier, Pettigrew, L. Creed, Meyer, Brett C., Tapia, Jorge, White, Carole, Benavente, Oscar R., Pettigrew, Creed, Vaishnav, Anand, Sawaya, Peter, Fowler, Anna, Hughes, Nedda, Rice, Johnya, Vanderpool, Kathy, Meyer, Brett, Jackson, Christy, Gamble, Paul, Kelly, Nancy, Warner, Janet, Bell, Jo, Meissner, Irene, Graves, John, Herzig, Deb, Covalt, Jody, Cruz-Flores, Salvador, Walden, H. Douglas, Holzemer, Eve, Coull, Bruce, Howard, Lien, Malekniazi, Mina, VanSkiver, Melissa, Bruck, Denise, Redman, Stacey, Hanna, Joseph, Zipp, Thomas, Bailey, Scott, Cook, Dana, Liskay, Alice, Simcox, Dana, Kappler, Joan, Demaerschalk, Bart, Hogan, Michael, Wochos, Daniel, Wieser, Judith, Cleary, Barbara, Wood, Lori, Katramados, Angelo, Silver, Brian, Yee, Jerry, Aiello, Krisy, Wilson, Kathleen, McCarthy, Sharon, Kase, Carlos, Gavras, Irene, Lau, Helena, Ogrodnik, Matt, Allen, Nancy, Anderson, David, Grimm, Richard, Brauer, Donna, Naritoku, Dean, Zweifler, Richard, Culpepper, Michael, Parnell, Mel, Yunker, Robin, Boots, Kelly, Drinkard, Renay, Backlin, Rachel, Elkind, Mitch, Crew, Russell John, Radhakrishan, Jai, Corporan, Tania E., Diaz, Julisa, Aragon, Rebeca, Benavente, Oscar, Hart, Robert, Pergola, Pablo, Palacio, Santiago, Castro, Irma, Farias, Arlene, Roldan, Ana, Mirsen, Tom, McAllister, Susan, Bastien, Arnaud, Niblack, Patricia, Sundararajan, Sophia, Rahman, Mahboob, Horvath, Tom, Korosec, David, Murphy, Chris, Lutsep, Helmi, Girard, Don, Seisler, Kali, Cingel, Megan, Ross, Megan, Stone, Rachel, Larsen, Darren, Doherty, Ann, Book, Diane, Eapen, Sunu, Grimm, Clarence, Blaney, Barbara, Rozman, Stephanie, Gaertner, Linda, Bradenburg, Erin, Loomis, Laura, Monarch-Cotton, Jolene, Ravavelli-Meyer, Jean, Golembieski, Anna, Romano, José, Ortiz, Gustavo, del Carmen Lichtenberger, Maria, Johnson, Mark, Liu, Yinghui, Goldsteen, Robert, Blair, April, Wright, Gregg, Gathua, Naomie, Jacoby, Michael, Jones, David, DeFrancisco, Jeffrey, Hamm, Theresa, Burgin, Scott W., Hollander, Joshua, Polashenski, Walter, Wallace, Patricia, Weber, Cheryl, Greenberg, Jason, Lennihan, Laura, King, Marjorie, Tenteromano, Laura, Pereira, Lorainne, Ching, Marilou, Sawyer, Robert, Parkes, Kathy, Conover, Cheryl, Weinberger, Jesse, Wright, Lewis, Burch, Dorothy, Benesch, Curtis, Bisognano, John, Leonhardt, Ann, Zentner, Justine, Hildreth, Molly, Karanjia, Percy, Murali, Narayana, Dart, Richard, Mancl, Kathleen, Lefkowitz, David, Pavel, Levy, Buchheimer, Nancy, Vaughn, Sara, Smith, Emily, Satterfield, Jean, Van Stavern, Renee, Brown, Angela, Serna, Jannie, Newgent, Jill, Naylor, Julie, Carpenter, Laura, Shuab, Ashfaq, Khan, Khurshid, Dean, Naeen, Herbert, Frederika, Kastelic, Karen, Atkinson, Richard, Lieberman, Roger, Carter, Teresa, Zrelak, Pat, Kenney, Nola, Logan, William, Carpenter, David, Schroer, Sally, Berger, Leo, Brunet, Sylvain, Pontbriand, Johanne, Mainville, Martine, Racicot, Denise, Côté, Robert, Green, Laurence, Wadup, Lisa, Fontaine, Anne-Marie, Tapia, Jorge, Godoy, Ivan Esteban, Valdes, Marcela, Matamala, Gonzalo, Goecke, Helmut, Parra, Marcela, Pozo, Jessica, del Brutto, Oscar, Santibáñez, Rocio, Lara, Joffre, Zambrano, Mauricio, Sandoval, José Luis Ruiz, Vásquez, Eduardo Salcido, Ruiz, Carmen, Arauz, Antonio, Cervantes, G. Amin, Leyva, Adolfo, Camacho, Itzel, Pretell, Edwin Javier, Valdivia, José, Pretell, Marissa, Leal, Joaquín Serena, Castellanos, Mar, Cruz, Verónica, Cepeda, Mercè, Arboix, Adrià, Pelegrí, Antoni, Blanco, Lorena, Borrego, Francisco Rubio, Gudiol, Francisco, Gomis, Meritxell, Arenillas, Juan, Dávalos, Antonio, Suñol, Ana, Reverté, Silvia, Roquer, Jaume, Serrano, Ana Oliveras, Conde, Jordi Jiménez, Rodríguez, Ana, Romeral, Gemma, Sánchez, José Castillo, González, Miguel Blanco, Rodríguez, Manuel, Jiménez, Isabel, Rodríguez, Jaime, McClure, Leslie, Coffey, Christopher, Szychowski, Jeff, Howard, George, Katholi, Charles, Zhang, Yu, Peri, Kalyani, Allcorn, Charles, Mailhot, Richard, Irby, Lisa, Guyton, Fekisha, Sewell, Mary Jo, Benavente, Oscar, Hart, Robert, Pergola, Pablo, Roldan, Ana, Benavente, Marie-France, White, Carole, Robu, Camilla, Kelly, Che, Talbert, Robert, Martinez, Eduardo, Bazan, Carlos, Pergola, Gabriela, Pearce, Lesly, Costello, Raymond, Jacova, Claudia, Camelia, Luisa, Mendoza, Crystal, Pratt, Brandy, Holliday, Steve, Elkind, Mitchell S.V., and Luna, Jorge

Abstract

Inflammatory biomarkers predict incident and recurrent cardiac events, but their relationship to stroke prognosis is uncertain. We hypothesized that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) predicts recurrent ischemic stroke after recent lacunar stroke.

Published
2014
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19. Completeness of case ascertainment for surveillance of autism spectrum disorders using the autism developmental disabilities monitoring network methodology

Author

Nicholas, Joyce S., Carpenter, Laura A., King, Lydia B., Jenner, Walter, Wahlquist, Amy, Logan, Sarah, and Charles, Jane M.

Abstract

The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network (ADDM), sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is the largest-scale project ever undertaken to identify the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in the United States.

Published
2012
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20. Pharmacy waste, fraud, and abuse in health care reform.

Author

Carpenter, Laura A., Edgar, Zachary, and Dang, Christopher

Abstract

Objective: To describe the new Medicare and Medicaid waste, fraud, and abuse provisions of the Affordable Care Act (H.R. 3590) and Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act of 2010 (H.R. 4872), the preexisting law modified by H.R. 3590 and H.R. 4872, and applicable existing and proposed regulations. Summary: Waste, fraud, and abuse are substantial threats to the efficiency of the health care system. To combat these activities, the Department of Health and Human Services and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services promulgate and enforce guidelines governing the proper assessment and billing for Medicare and Medicaid services. These guidelines have a number of provisions that can catch even well-intentioned providers off guard, resulting in substantial fines. H.R. 3590 and H.R. 4872 augment preexisting waste, fraud, and abuse laws and regulations. This article reviews the new waste, fraud, and abuse laws and regulations to apprise pharmacists of the substantial changes affecting their practice. Conclusion: H.R. 3590 and H.R. 4872 modify screening requirements for providers; modify liability and penalties for the antikickback statute, federal False Claims Act, remuneration, and Stark Law; and create or extend auditing and management programs. Properly navigating these changes will be important in keeping pharmacies in compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011

21. Gendered Sexuality over the Life Course: A Conceptual Framework

Author

Carpenter, Laura

Abstract

Despite increasing interest in gendered sexuality over the life course, a comprehensive conceptual model, applicable to all aspects of sexual life and incorporating recent developments in life course sociology, feminist theory, and sexuality studies, has yet to be elaborated. The model presented here posits that sexual beliefs and behaviors result from individuals' lifelong accumulation of advantageous and disadvantageous experiences, and adoption/rejection of sexual scripts, within socio-historical contexts. Women and men follow distinctive sexual trajectories insofar as they accrue gender-specific experiences and scripts and as their sexuality and gender trajectories intertwine. Empirical examples include virginity loss and involuntary celibacy, (de)coupling, and chronic illness/disability. The proposed framework helps explain the coexistence of differences and similarities among individuals and cohorts and holds particular promise for studying lifelong aspects of sexuality like agency and interest. It also suggests improvements on interactionist theory, conventional life course models, and the sexual scripting approach.

Published
2010
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23. Down‐Regulation of Procollagen α1[I] Messenger RNA by Titanium Particles Correlates with Nuclear Factor κB (NF‐κB) Activation and Increased Rel A and NF‐κB1 Binding to the Collagen Promoter

Author

Roebuck, Kenneth A., Vermes, Csaba, Carpenter, Laura R., Fritz, Elizabeth A., Narayanan, Ramesh, and Glant, Tibor T.

Abstract

Previously, we showed that exposure of human osteoblasts to titanium particles stimulates protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP), activates the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB), and causes an approximately 50% decrease in the steady‐state messenger RNA (mRNA) level of procollagen α1[I]. In this study, we identify three NF‐κB binding sites within the human procollagen α1[I] gene promoter, show that titanium particles stimulate their binding of the NF‐κB subunits Rel A (p65) and NF‐κB1 (p50), and find NF‐κB activation correlates with collagen gene suppression by titanium particles in osteoblasts. Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors, which significantly reduce the suppressive effect of titanium particles on collagen gene expression, inhibited NF‐κB binding activity showing that titanium particle stimulation of PTK signals in osteoblasts are critical for both NF‐κB activation and collagen gene expression. The antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), which also inhibits the titanium particle suppression of collagen, abrogated the titanium particle activation of NF‐κB, suggesting the involvement of redox signals in NF‐κB‐mediated collagen gene expression. The RNA polymerase II inhibitor actinomycin D (Act D) decreased procollagen α1[I] mRNA expression and effectively blocked the titanium‐induced suppressive effect, suggesting that titanium particles activate a cascade of signals in osteoblasts, which result in a suppression of procollagen α1[I] mRNA. Collectively, these results show that titanium particles can activate NF‐κB signaling in osteoblasts and suggest that NF‐κB binding to the collagen gene promoter has a functional role in the down‐regulation of procollagen α1[I] gene transcription.

Published
2001
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24. Down‐Regulation of Procollagen α1[I] Messenger RNA by Titanium Particles Correlates with Nuclear Factor κB (NF‐κB) Activation and Increased Rel A and NF‐κB1 Binding to the Collagen Promoter

Author

Roebuck, Kenneth A., Vermes, Csaba, Carpenter, Laura R., Fritz, Elizabeth A., Narayanan, Ramesh, and Glant, Tibor T.

Abstract

Previously, we showed that exposure of human osteoblasts to titanium particles stimulates protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP), activates the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB), and causes an approximately 50% decrease in the steady‐state messenger RNA (mRNA) level of procollagen α1[I]. In this study, we identify three NF‐κB binding sites within the human procollagen α1[I] gene promoter, show that titanium particles stimulate their binding of the NF‐κB subunits Rel A (p65) and NF‐κB1 (p50), and find NF‐κB activation correlates with collagen gene suppression by titanium particles in osteoblasts. Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors, which significantly reduce the suppressive effect of titanium particles on collagen gene expression, inhibited NF‐κB binding activity showing that titanium particle stimulation of PTK signals in osteoblasts are critical for both NF‐κB activation and collagen gene expression. The antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), which also inhibits the titanium particle suppression of collagen, abrogated the titanium particle activation of NF‐κB, suggesting the involvement of redox signals in NF‐κB‐mediated collagen gene expression. The RNA polymerase II inhibitor actinomycin D (Act D) decreased procollagen α1[I] mRNA expression and effectively blocked the titanium‐induced suppressive effect, suggesting that titanium particles activate a cascade of signals in osteoblasts, which result in a suppression of procollagen α1[I] mRNA. Collectively, these results show that titanium particles can activate NF‐κB signaling in osteoblasts and suggest that NF‐κB binding to the collagen gene promoter has a functional role in the down‐regulation of procollagen α1[I] gene transcription.

Published
2001
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25. Stimulus‐specific regulation of chemokine expression involves differential activation of the redox‐responsive transcription factors AP‐1 and NF‐κB

Author

Roebuck, Kenneth A., Carpenter, Laura R., Lakshminarayanan, Venkatesh, Page, Scott M., Moy, James N., and Thomas, Larry L.

Abstract

The promoters of the IL‐8, MCP‐1, and RANTES genes contain binding sites for the redox‐responsive transcription factors AP‐1 and NF‐κB, which have been shown to be important for their expression. In this overview, we present evidence from our laboratories that the stimulus‐specific regulation of these chemokines by the reactive oxidant H2O2, the proinflammatory cytokine TNF‐α, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is mediated in a cell type‐specific manner involving different patterns of AP‐1 and NF‐κB binding activity. Our results demonstrate that H2O2induction of IL‐8 gene expression is linked with the selective binding of AP‐1 to the IL‐8 promoter, whereas TNF‐α and RSV induction of IL‐8 correlates with the activation of NF‐κB binding. We propose that the differential activation and binding of inducible transcription factors to the promoter regions of chemokine genes provides a critical regulatory mechanism by which the CXC and CC chemokines can be selectively expressed in a cell type‐specific and stimulus‐specific manner. Such a regulatory mechanism of differential chemokine expression could critically influence the site‐ specific recruitment of distinct subsets of leukocytes to sites of inflammation and injury. J. Leukoc. Biol.65: 291–298; 1999.

Published
1999
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26. A Single-Case Experimental Investigation of Video Modeling to Improve Job Performance in Three Young Adults With Autism.

Author

Carpenter, Laura and McKellar, Sarah

Abstract

Video modeling is an effective and efficient intervention for adults with developmental disabilities, yet it remains underused by OT practitioners. This poster describes a single-case, A-B-A study in which three young adults participated in a video modeling intervention. Interpersonal and social skills embedded in job performance participation were targeted. Results suggested that the intervention improved participation in social skills embedded in job performance tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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27. Savannah Auction Preview: A SNEAK PEEK.

Author

Carpenter, Laura

Abstract

Several photographs of artworks donated to the 2002 Folk Art Society of America Benefit Folk Art Auction are presented which include paintings "Mother and Child," by Sherry Dooley, "Wing Back," by Tom Blunt, and "Palm Reader," by Butch Anthony.

Published
2002

28. Missing Discourse of Male Desire? Sexuality Frames in News on Male Circumcision and Female Genital Cutting.

Author

Carpenter, Laura and Kettrey, Heather

Subjects
HUMAN sexuality, FEMALE genital mutilation, CLITORIS surgery, CIRCUMCISION, BODY marking
Abstract

This paper analyzes print news coverage of female genital cutting (FGC) and male circumcision (MC) in the United States, 1985-2006. Using a sample of 601 news items from four national and three regional newspapers and three national news magazines, we examine themes of sexual desire and pleasure that surround discussions of FGC and MC. Activists concerned with both issues frequently emphasize issues related to sexuality. However, in print news coverage, references to desire and pleasure are much more prevalent surrounding FGC than MC (though still relatively rare). Journalists routinely present FGC as negatively affecting female sexual pleasure but rarely mention MC's relationship to pleasure; in doing so, they effectively engage in secondary claims-making on anti-FGC activists' behalf while deflecting anti-MC activists' concerns. This pattern stands in dramatic contrast to the dominant sexual script (the "missing discourse of desire") privileging male pleasure and neglecting its female counterpart. These tendencies appear to stem from journalistic practices (especially the news values of drama and human interest); cultural understandings of gendered and raced sexuality (who is conceivable as a victim); and the intersections of gender, race, nationality, and sexuality in the popular (and journalistic) imagination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010

31. GROWING OLD.

Author

CARPENTER, LAURA HOWE

Published
1877

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