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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder characterized by persistent mood despondency and loss of motivation. Although numerous hypotheses have been proposed, the possible pathogenesis of MDD remains unclear. Several recent studies show that a classic transporter protein, sortilin, is closely associated with depression. In the present study, we investigated the role of sortilin in MDD using a well-established rodent model of depression. Mice were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 6 weeks. We showed that the expression levels of sortilin were significantly increased in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of CUMS mice. The depressive-like behaviors induced by CUMS were alleviated by specific knockdown of sortilin in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. We revealed that sortilin facilitated acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide signaling, which activated RhoA/ROCK2 signaling, ultimately causing the transformation of dendritic spine dynamics. Specific overexpression of sortilin in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus induced depressive-like behaviors, which was mitigated by injection of ASM inhibitor SR33557 (4 µg/μL) into the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In conclusion, sortilin knockdown in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus plays an important role in ameliorating depressive-like behavior induced by CUMS, which is mainly evidenced by decreasing the trafficking of ASM from the trans-Golgi network to the lysosome and reducing the ceramide levels. Our results provide a new insight into the pathology of depression, and demonstrate that sortilin may be a potential therapeutic target for MDD.

The load-bearing cementitious materials such as concrete rely on passive insulation to resist heat in fire and other high-temperature events. This study introduces a novel load-bearing system, incorporating a honeycomb-structured cementitious composite (HSCC) to enable adjustable active heat dissipation. Compared with passive thermal insulation, active heat dissipation brings substantial improvement on heat resistance performance under compressive load. The study investigated the heat transfer process of the HSCC material fabricated by 3D-printed micro scaffolds by combining the microscopic thermal imaging method and finite element simulation. The proposed material has a conductivity of up to 0.24 W/mK, which shows a 30% improvement in heat resistance compared to lightweight concretes. The total compressive strength reduction is ten times less than ordinary concrete under elevated temperatures at 1300 °C. The microscopic thermal imaging provided experimental data to enable the development of multi-phase simulation models, which allowed further predictions of the material performance under elevated temperatures. The novel load-bearing system enabled ventilation through the HSCC in combination with the low thermal conductivity of the HSCC, which allowed this novel system to demonstrate a capacity loss at 1300 °C that was ten times less than that of ordinary concrete walls. Furthermore, the effect of ventilation and heterogeneity in the HSCC on the heat dissipation and temperature distribution in the materials is also characterized by this study.

Currently, hydrogen is mainly produced by conversion from natural gas via steam methane reforming (SMR), generating massive amounts of CO2. Here, we present a novel production scheme that can neutralize the CO2from natural gas-based hydrogen productions by direct deposition of 2-dimensional carbon as cement-nanoadditive. Our tests demonstrated that cement-compatible particles can be used effectively as substrates to grow carbon nanosheets. Our analysis showed that the scheme, bridging hydrogen and cement industries, translates a ~268.7 tons cement reduction per ton of produced hydrogen with > 99% reduction of carbon nanosheets costs. Correspondingly, 375.5 Mt CO2generated from the current SMR-based hydrogen production in the USA, China, and Australia could be neutralized by adopting this approach. We showed that combining CO2capture in SMR and 5% replacement by our scheme can produce carbon-neutral hydrogen to meet the predicted global demand in 2045.

Electrochemical polishing (ECP) is a promising approach to finishing surface to achieve high quality of surface. However, it cannot satisfy requirements of mirror finishing yet. In this paper, a mirror finishing method for cold rolling rollers is proposed. The whole process of the surface finishing can be divided into two phases: electrochemical polishing and mechanical grinding. An anodic film is formed exception for anodic dissolution during ECP. A small amount of the anodic film and metal material are removed by abrasive paper in mechanical grinding. Activated metal surface is exposed again and dissolved in electrochemical reaction after mechanical grinding. Residual of anodic film protects rollers. It is a cyclic process of mirror finishing. Experimental results showed that a mirror finishing surface of up to Ra0.02-0.05μm can be obtained by using this method and that it is effective and efficient.

By experimental, study on the elastic modulus including the failure modes of Recycled Concrete made of Brick and Tile with the splitting tensile strength and the compressive strength, And the relational formula between the splitting tensile strength and the compressive strength was summarized from the results.

A solvothermal route to MnWO₄ nanoparticles and nanorods has been developed. These nano-size products have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The pressure, pH and temperature of the reaction systems were found to play important roles in determining the morphologies of the MnWO₄ nanocrystalline products. Homologous surfactants have also been used to control the formation of MnWO₄ nanocrystals. These surfactants were found to play a crucial role in the solvothermal route, and there is apparently a relationship between the molecular weight of the added homologous surfactants and the aspect ratio of the resulting nanorods.

A solvothermal route to MnWO4nanoparticles and nanorods has been developed. These nano-size products have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The pressure, pH and temperature of the reaction systems were found to play important roles in determining the morphologies of the MnWO4nanocrystalline products. Homologous surfactants have also been used to control the formation of MnWO4nanocrystals. These surfactants were found to play a crucial role in the solvothermal route, and there is apparently a relationship between the molecular weight of the added homologous surfactants and the aspect ratio of the resulting nanorods.

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