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• A novel catalytic reactor configuration based on induction heating is proposed. • This reactor is employed for the decomposition of CF4 using a commercial catalyst. • The reactor provides a fast response time without insulation or preheating. • Empirical guidelines for optimizing the catalyst bed were established. • The fast response time should allow renewable electric power to be used. A novel catalytic reactor configuration based on the induction heating technique is proposed for the decomposition of CF 4. To demonstrate the feasibility of this concept, a commercial catalyst and induction heating module are employed. The experimental results demonstrated that the reactor provides a fast response time (approximately 3 min) in the decomposition of CF 4 (roughly 100 ppm), without the requirement for insulation or preheating. In addition, introduction of the induction heating technique was found to allow precise temperature control. Furthermore, empirical guidelines for optimizing the catalyst bed are established in terms of two design factors, namely the length/diameter ratio (≥ 1.48) of the catalyst bed, and 1/3 of the blending of an additional inductive heating medium in the catalyst bed. The fast response time exhibited by this system is expected to permit connection of the reactor with electric power generated by renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ginseng berry has various bioactivities, including antidiabetic, anticancer, antiinflammatory, and antioxidative properties. Moreover, we have revealed that the active antiaging component of the ginseng berry, syringaresinol, has the ability to stimulate longevity via gene activation. Despite the many known beneficial effects of ginseng, its effects on skin aging are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of ginseng and the ginseng berry on one of the skin aging processes, melanogenesis, and age-related pigment lipofuscin accumulation, to elucidate the mechanism of action with respect to antiaging.

Background: Aging is a phenomenon in which the functions, adaptability and resistance of an organism decrease over time. With the global population aging at an accelerating pace, delaying the negative aspects of aging is vital for advancing the human life span and quality of life. The aging of multiple organs can lead to many diseases, and the cardiovascular system is no exception. Indeed, one of the primary risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is aging because of altered cardiovascular metabolism resulting in metabolic disorders and inflammation. Methods: We attempted an organized search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research papers by searching featured reviews using inclusion/exclusion criteria. The collected papers were assessed by standard tools for quality control. Results: Forty-six papers were admitted to the review, and most papers featured recent research results (44) and reviewed the research field (8). We discuss these papers along with the recent progress of our work. In this review, we examine the relationship of oxidative stress with aging and the FoxO proteins, which are essential anti-aging factors in the cardiovascular system. Conclusion: The observations of this review suggest that anti-aging signaling mediated by FoxO proteins is important for understanding cardiovascular aging and the design of medicinal approaches.

Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is one of the most promising candidates for next-generation semiconductors. Among the advantages offered by MoS2, a tunable bandgap that depends on the thickness is essential for the on-demand manufacturing of nanoelectronics. For this reason, elaborate layer control of MoS2has been a long-standing research objective. However, prior efforts had several critical issues including surface roughness, poor uniformity/scalability, and impurities. Through this study, we aimed to achieve both ultrahigh precision and purity in large-scale (4 in.) layer control of MoS2by two consecutive plasma processes: plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and reactive ion etching (RIE). The 4 in. wafer-scale MoS2was synthesized by PECVD, and the as-grown bulk layers were etched using RIE with a computationally screened gas mixture in the cyclic step. For every RIE cycle, the 4 in. MoS2wafer was evenly etched to a thickness of 0.3–0.4 nm while there was no damage to the atomic structure and chemical impurities. For the computational screening of candidate gases, first-principles calculations explored the energetics of surface reaction and offered physical insights into the associated electronic interaction. The combination of computational screening and experimentation accelerates optimal process design and provides an in-depth understanding of the plasma–surface interactions.

We investigate the possibility of detecting atoms in a 1D optical lattice with the nearest-site resolution by using a magnetic resonance technique. A superimposed magnetic field gradient introduces a position-dependent Zeeman shift to label each site. Among the line-broadening mechanisms, we focus on sideband transitions between the motional states of the lower and the upper hyperfine levels. In addition to the sidebands of the axial motion induced by the field gradient itself, we consider those of the transverse motion induced by field misalignments with respect to the optical lattice. Parameters that determine the sideband strengths are identified in a manner analogous to the Lamb-Dicke parameter. The analysis shows that it is advantageous to use light and cold atoms in a deep optical potential well. An explicit expression for the lineshape of the hyperfine transition is obtained. We use it to calculate lineshapes for a cesium and a lithium atom in a typical optical lattice as well as those for the previously reported experiments using cesium atoms.

In radiotherapy, interest in real-time dosimetry stems from the desire to monitor the dose delivered to the target volume and the surrounding normal tissue to enable clinicians to track the progress of the treatment, and prevent surrounding tissue from receiving too much radiation dose. In this study, the dosimetric performance of the new MOSkin dosimeter and a Bicron BCF-20 scintillating fiber was compared to depth dose measurements taken with a Farmer-type ionization chamber. The performance of the MOSkinand BCF-20 detectors in the build-up region of the depth dose curve, where the dose gradient is steep, is also compared to readings taken with an Attix chamber. At depths greater than 15 mm, the MOSkinreadings deviated from the ion chamber readings by up to 4%, while the fiber optic dosimeter always remained within 3% of the ionization chamber reading. In the build-up region, the MOSkinproved quite capable of measuring the dose at build up when compared to the Attix chamber results, while the fiber optic dosimeter was not able to measure the dose in this region with a high level of precision due to the thick sensitive volume of the scintillating crystal.

Macrocyclic polystyrenes with various molecular weight were prepared by the reaction of linear polystyrene having two end vinyl groups and potassium naphthalenide as a coupling agent. Intermolecular side reactions produced higher molecular weight polycondensates and undesirable chain termination reactions also produced linear precursors in addition to the designed molecules. In order to isolate cyclic polymers from the ring closure reaction mixtures, preparative size exclusion chromatography (SEC) method was employed. The purity of SEC-fractionated cyclic polystyrenes was rigorously examined by liquid chromatography at the critical condition (LCCC) and interaction chromatography (IC). After SEC-fractionation, we obtained large amount of highly pure cyclic polymers, though high molecular weight cyclic polymers contain very small amount of linear precursor (<5%). The purity and isotope effect on reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) were also rigorously investigated by preparing a deuterated cyclic polystyrene.

AbstractIn this paper, we define an Lpanalytic Fourier-Feynman transform of functionals on C0(B), the space of abstract Wiener space valued continuous functions on [0,T]. We establish existence theorems and inverse transform theorems of this transform for functionals on C0(B) in certain classes and which correspond to the class and of functionals on classical Wiener space introduced by Cameron and Storvick. Moreover, we evaluate the analytic Fourier-Feynman transform for the functionals of the forms andwhich are of interest in Feynman integration theories and quantum mechanics.