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Morphological characteristics of cirques have been studied for decades; however, no repeatable set of metrics has been derived that can consistently identify them. Perhaps more importantly, there is no consensus definition of the form that distinguishes cirques and clusters of cirques from non-cirques. In our approach, we use Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation models (DEMs) in a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) framework to identify cirques in 20 mountain ranges globally. We extracted bounding boxes of cirques in 19 of these study areas and used them to develop a training set for a cirque identification model. The trained model was applied to the Sierra Nevada California to assess whether this algorithmic approach derived from a global dataset could produce consistent results in complex terrain with mutually interacting cirque forms. Using commonalities revealed using this approach, we find that there is a basic, recognizable and morphometrically quantifiable cirque form. This approach can be used to automate the identification of cirque locations and to guide the quantification of cirque form independent of the subjective definitions of individual workers. The approach can also be used to understand cirque form under different environmental conditions, including similar forms on Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Ethnologie Française is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The relation between glacial and karst landforms are analysed in this study. The following surface types are considered: surface with sheep rock, surface with dolines, surface dissected with u-shaped valleys, U-shaped valley with scablands. surface with cirque valley and surface with combe-ridge. In this work we present the characteristics and karsification features of three of the above mentioned types. Various features are characteristic of the different reliefs. There are shafts on the bare reliefs of the cirques, karren on the roche moutonnées and there are suffosion dolines and depressions of the superficial deposit on the reliefs covered by moraine. The dominant features of the U-shaped valleys are the giant paleodolines and the uncovered surfaces with cuestas. The suffosion dolines and the depressions of superficial deposit (there are suffosion dolines and ponors) are characteristic of the surfaces with moraines of the paleodolines. On the cuestas, the karren features are dominant. Shafts are widespread on the uncovered floor of the valley. The surfaces with dolines and uvalas form depressions of superficial deposit. The suffosion dolines often occur in paleodolines. On the tresholds between the paleodolines and on the uncovered slopes of the dolines, the karren and solution dolines are the characteristic features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the work of trapeze artists, particularly their label as artists. The authors attempt to dissect the evolution of the circus as it asserts itself as an art form, specifically trapeze artists. It is noted that, in general, the work of a trapeze artist often more closely resembles a sport, but despite this, the acrobats cling to their status as artists.