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Designing and engineering clothing for an intended end use necessitates careful selection of fibre, yarn and fabric constructional parameters. Ideal clothing comfort can be achieved by designing clothing, considering high thermal resistance for protection from cold, low resistance to water vapour transfer in mild thermal stress conditions and rapid transfer of vapour and liquid moisture under high thermal stress conditions and rapid transfer of vapour and liquid moisture under hugh thermal stress conditions. Several studies have been reported on the influence of various fibre, yarn and fabric constructional variables on comfort properties of woven and knitted fabrics and the findings show that the fibre, yarn and fabric variables strongly influence the thermo-physiological properties of fabrics and determine the suitability for their particular end use. Several yarn variables, like yarn twist, yarn count, yarn spinning system and yarn types, have been reported to affect the properties of textiles. Change in any of these parameters ultimately changes the yarn structure, which, in turn, depends on the fibre geometry. Distriution of fibres in yarn dictates thermal as well as moistre transfer properties of fabrics. Fabric structure, thickness, cover factor, aerial desnity, bulk density, fabric porosity and finishing treatments affect the thermal and moisture management properties and hence determine the comfort properties of textiles. This paper reports a detailed study on the comfort characteristics of textiles and factors at interplay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aloe vera, Adhathoda vasica, Agele marmelos, Calendula officinalis, and Solanum trilobatum herbal extracts have been used to treat cotton fabric using the pad-dry cure technique. Three distinct herbal treatments have been used on the fabrics, each of which has its unique therapeutic properties which is more suited to older individuals. The study focuses on developing herbal finished fabrics for old age people to prevent them from microbes and UV rays, and to increase the comfort property. Air permeability, wickability, absorbency, thermal conductivity, tensile strength anti-microbial and UV repellence properties have been studied. It is found that the finished fabrics show moderately good UV repellent protection and has antimicrobial creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on assessing the changes in the properties of single jersey knitwear made from conventional and sustainable cotton and polyester fibers after 20 washes. Topics discussed include the suitability of 100 percent recycled polyester fabric for active sportswear due to its high air permeability, heat resistance, and water vapor resistance, as well as the suitability of fabric with 50 percent organic cotton-50 percent recycled polyester fibers for cold environments.

Compared to other textiles, socks are made at the lowest cost and have the highest consumption rate, making them one of the least-lasting fabric goods in the clothing industry. Socks are available in a wide range of fibers blends, that is, cotton, wool, nylon, acrylic, polyester, olefin, spandex, etc. As an element of footwear, socks act in tandem with the foot and shoe, influencing the temperature and moisture levels of the feet. The comfort of clothing next to the skin in terms of temperature and moisture is gaining more and more attention. Pilling is a serious issue with wool items, and less pilling is required since it negatively impacts the esthetic, comfort, and longevity of the fabric. This research has investigated socks pilling tendency and thermo-physiological comfort properties, that is, air permeability and thermal resistance made by wool/polypropylene blend yarn. Three different combinations of wool/polypropylene yarns on the main and platting side of the socks were used at two different tightness levels. Polyurethane finish has been applied to check the socks' behavior after the finish application. Statistical analysis showed that finished samples knitted with wool/polypropylene as a main yarn offer the best results against the pilling test while sample code ANL, an unfinished sample, offers the best results regarding air permeability, thermal resistance, and overall moisture management capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological washing treatments are being widely applied for textile finishing. However, these treatments may cause changes in the mechanical and surface properties of textile materials, thus influence the tactile properties of fabrics. These sensitive low-stress mechanical properties will affect the comfort of the human body. In this work, the changes in comfort properties of dyed cotton fabrics, after ecological new bleach and enzymatic washing treatments, are systematically investigated using a tensile testing machine - the Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics (KES-FB) - and the air permeability tester. The results show that mechanical and fabric hand properties are differently affected by the different treatments. Finished cotton samples were found suppler and rougher than the untreated fabric due to the mechanical friction during the finishing cycle, including fabric-to-fabric and fabric-to-machine friction. As a result of our finishing treatment, tensile strength, bending properties, air permeability and thermal conductivity are decreased, however, the compressibility (EMC) tends to increase after the various finishing treatments. Moreover, the best bending properties, which reflect the flexibly of the fabric, are obtained for the new bleached sample. The possible origins for the changes mentioned above - caused by the different treatments- are evaluated and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, various blended fabrics of modacrylic fibre with flame retardant (FR) viscose, and Nylon 66 have been manufactured and studied for their thermal, mechanical and comfort properties for workers of oil & gas industry. The ring spinning system is used to manufacture three sets of yarns. In the first set, three yarns are produced using only modacrylic, only FR viscose, and only Nylon 66 fibres. The second set of yarns is made using blends of FR viscose and modacrylic. These fibres are blended in three different ratios of 30:70, 50:50 and 70:30 for making yarns. The third set is made out of tertiary blends of FR viscose, nylon 66 and modacrylic. These are blended in two different ratios of 30:20:50 and 50:20:30 respectively. Fabric samples have been produced out of these yarns and evaluated for their flame, thermal and mechanical properties after 5 and 50 washes. The radiant heat transfer index and convective heat transfer index of blends of modacrylic fibre are found in the range 12 - 13.5 s and 5.0 - 5.7 s respectively. Multivariate test analysis has been applied to find out the effect of different fibre blends on various flame and thermal properties. The study shows that flame and thermal resistant properties are influenced by fibre blending ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prediction of functional and performance properties of textiles before the actual commencement of fabric production and testing can serve as an effective tool in characterization and designing of fabrics for any desired application. The thermophysiological properties of textile materials can be predicted by a variety of models, such as statistical, mechanistic and artificial neural network models. Statistical models can give good prediction performance, provided a large data set is presented to make the model and relationship exists between input parameters and response variables. The effect of input parameters on thermo-physiological properties of fabrics cannot be studied in isolation, owing to interdependence and nonlinear relationship of parameters with each other. Statistical models fail to present satisfactory analysis of relationship in such cases. Mechanistic models are useful tools in understanding the fundamentals and physics involved in heat, moisture and liquid transfer through textiles. However, the assumptions considered in the simplification of mechanistic models may not be valid in all conditions and can lead to high prediction errors in real conditions, owing to inherent variability in the textile structures. Moreover the model becomes more complicated as the number of parameters and assumptions increase, thereby limiting the model's accuracy of prediction. Artificial neural network is a powerful and potent modelling tool which can understand any complex relationship between input and response variables and predicts the thermo-physiological properties of fabrics by considering all fabric parameters at a time. The network exhibits the ability of simulating the functioning of a biological neuron and, in turn, each network component poses analogy to the actual constituents or operations of a biological neuron. In this study, an attempt has been made to highlight the significance of artificial neural network in prediction of comfort properties of textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the influence of the antistatic polyester fibers containing carbon black on the comfort properties of 100% and blended cotton as well as on 100% and blended polyester single jersey knitted fabrics was evaluated. The research results revealed that the behavior of the investigated knitted fabrics was dependent on their structure and mechanical characteristics. The electrical resistance of knitted fabrics decreased significantly due to the use of 4% antistatic polyester fibers. The electrical resistance of the pure and blended cotton knitted fabric was lower than that of the pure and blended polyester knitted fabrics. Antistatic polyester fibers positively influenced the air permeability of the polyester knitted fabric. The air permeability of 100% and blended cotton fabrics was approximately 3.5 times compared to both 100% and blended polyester fabrics, respectively. The carbon black polyester fibers influenced the decrease in thermal resistance, the increase in vapor permeability, and the minor increase in vapor resistance of both cotton and polyester knitted fabrics. Thermal resistance was lower, water vapor resistance was significantly higher, and relative water vapor permeability was slightly lower for the cotton and cotton/antistatic polyester knitted fabrics than for the polyester and polyester / antistatic polyester knitted fabrics, respectively. Therefore, the research results revealed that the presence of 4% antistatic polyester fibers in cotton and polyester knitted fabrics positively influenced their antistatic behavior and improved or almost did not alter their comfort properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the moisture transmission properties of hospital bed linen, a tri-layer weft knitted fabric has been developed from the fibres, like lyocell, bamboo charcoal and micro polyester, and tested for comfort properties. The tri-layer fabric exhibits good water vapour permeability, water absorbing tendency, wicking tendency and faster drying rate. To enhance these functional properties, the fabric is subjected to plasma treatment. Optimization of plasma treatment parameters is attempted by using Box-Benkhen experimental design, considering the process parameters, such as time, distance between electrodes and current. The plasma-treated and untreated fabrics are tested for moisture management properties, such as water absorbency, water vapor permeability, wickability - transverse and vertical, drying time and SEM analysis. From the test results, it is observed that the plasma-treated fabric has improved moisture management and drying properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study some mechanical and comfort properties of eleven cotton, viscose, cotton/Lycra, and viscose/Lycra single jersey knitted fabrics used as scarves in the Egyptian market were measured. Bursting strength, abrasion resistance, air permeability, thermal resistance, water vapour permeability and water permeability were measured. The relation between most of these properties and fabric constructional parameters was found. Regression equations were found to predict each of abrasion resistance, air permeability, and thermal resistance in terms of loop length and stitch density. While water vapour permeability was predicted in terms of fabric thickness and wales per centimeter. Loop length and stitch density are the key factors affecting the mechanical and comfort properties of single jersey knitted fabrics. The effect of percentage Lycra on the properties under study was investigated. An acceptable relation was found between Lycra percent and each of air permeability (R²=0.65) and water vapour permeability (R²=0.8). Increasing Lycra percent decreased both air permeability and water vapour permeability. Also a relation between Lycra percent and each of abrasion resistance and thermal resistance was found with (R²=0.5) for both. Increasing Lycra percent increased both abrasion and thermal resistances. No relation was found between Lycra percent and bursting strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, experimental and statistical evaluation of antibacterial, mechanical, and comfort properties of woven fabrics consisting of cotton, bamboo and silver yarns were presented. For the purpose of the study; cotton-bamboo and cotton-silver blended fabrics were produced, mechanical properties (such as tensile strength and tear strength) were investigated, antibacterial activities were determined, and thermal comfort properties (such as thermal conductivity, thermal absorption, thermal resistance, air permeability, water vapor permeability, and water vapor resistance) were measured. Statistical evaluations were performed by one way ANOVA and Tukey HSD and Tamhane's T2 test methods. According to the outputs of the research, the mechanical and comfort properties can be improved and the antibacterial activities can be obtained of shirting and bedding fabrics by differing weft yarn type and density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The use of nonwoven fabrics in garment has been, up to now, purely functional and hidden from view. In fact, their uses have been limited to garment interlining in the apparel industry. Felted structures from wool have been limited to the craft market for the production of art and craft objects of decoration. This paper aims to compare the mechanical and thermo-physical comfort properties of a woven wool, a felted wool fabric, a felted wool/polyester and two non-woven synthetic fabrics for apparel use. Design/methodology/approach - Fabric samples were sourced locally. Five fabric samples were selected: one woolen woven, one felted woven, one polyester/wool non-woven and two non-woven synthetic fabrics. The wool fabric was felted by mechanical action using the Wascator FOM 71P machine. All fabric samples were conditioned before they were tested for their mechanical and thermal comfort properties as per standard test methods. Findings - The comparative study of the mechanical and thermal properties of the five fabric samples have been successfully investigated as textile materials for commercial garments. In terms of fabric stiffness, drape and handle, the two non-woven synthetic fabrics were, in general, poorer than the woven wool and the felted woven wool fabrics. The synthetic non-woven fabrics also performed poorly in terms of serviceability. But it was found that the nonwoven synthetic fabrics were best suited when thermal insulation is required and were found to be better than the woven felted wool fabric of comparative weight per unit area. Originality/value - The value of this study is that it demonstrates the scope of felted woolen structures and other synthetic nonwovens fabrics as usable materials, in part or in full, in the development of apparel for winter wear especially in cold environments and where aesthetic appeal is secondary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milkweed (M) fibres have been blended with cotton (C) fibres at three different proportions and the rotor-spun yarn fabrics are produced. The comfort properties of 100% cotton and C/M blended fabrics are analysed. The fabrics have been dyed with two types of reactive dyes, namely CI Reactive Yellow 3RS and CI Reactive Red 120, and the colour strength and other calorimetric parameters of the dyeing are analysed. From the comfort properties of the fabrics, it is noticed that the air and water vapour permeabilities of C/M blended fabrics are lower than the 100% cotton fabric and decrease with the increase in milkweed proportion. The thermal conductivity of C/M blended fabrics is lower than 100% cotton fabric and decreases with the increase in milkweed proportion. The reduction in inter-yarn space and higher yarn hairiness leads to reduction in air, water and thermal conductivity values with the increase in milkweed proportion. The wickability of C/M blended fabrics increases with milkweed proportion due to the open yarn structure and hollowness of milkweed fibres. From the dyeing behaviour of fibres, it is observed that the colour strength of C/M 80/20 is higher than 100% cotton and it decreases with the further increase in milkweed blend proportion. The low cellulose percentage, higher crystalline orientation index of milkweed fibres compared to cotton results in lower colour strength values with milkweed percentage greater than 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hospital bed Linens are functional textiles which are expected to fulfil the comfort and hygienic properties such as moisture management, thermal conductivity, breathability, wettability, wickability, natural stretch, dimensional stability and antimicrobial activity. The commercially available hospital bed sheets are made of fibers like cotton, polyester and their blends. This research work aims at analyzing the comfort characteristics of existing commercial hospital bed linen and their effectiveness in ensuring the thermo physiological comfort characteristics of human body. From the test results it was found that, few commercial bed linens have the required air permeability and wettability, but lags in thermal conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to investigate the effect of fibre type and yarn linear density on the thermal properties such as thermal resistance, thermal conductivity and thermal absorptivity along with air permeability and moisture vapor transmission rate of single jersey plated fabrics. Plated fabrics with nylon in the next to skin layer seem suitable choice for warm conditions as these fabrics would feel cooler on initial skin contact owing to high thermal absorptivity and are permeable to passage of air and moisture vapor. Fabrics knitted with yarns of high linear density seem unsuitable in warm conditions owing to higher value of thermal resistance and lower values of air permeability and moisture vapor transmission rate. Two way analysis of variance is conducted to test the significance of categorical variables, i.e. fibre type and yarn linear density on dependent variables. All the dependent variables except thermal resistance are found to be affected by the categorical variables at 95% confidence intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this research, an attempt has been made to blend the jute fibre with the cotton material. The blended yarn was used as a weft and the pure cotton yarn was used in warp. The produced fabric was treated with cellulase enzyme for softening purpose. Further the silicon-polyurethane finishes were applied on the fabric to improve the comfort properties. Hence this study reveals the effect of enzyme treatment with consecutive silicon -polyurethane softening treatment on comfort properties of Jute/Cotton union (warp - cotton; weft - Jute/Cotton) fabric. The results indicates that the enzyme treated, silicon - polyurethane finished fabric had significant (P < 0.05) improvement in all comfort properties like wicking, water absorbency, air and water vapour permeability, thermal conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main goal of this work was to study the Influence of sportswear fabric properties on the physiological responses and performance of athletes. The influence of three different types of sportswear fabrics on the physiological response and performance of volunteers in sports conditions was investigated. The fabrics and garments tested were made of 100% cotton, a 65/35 polyester/cotton blend and 100% polyester fibres. Seven volunteer were selected to wear the sportswear during the physical exercise assigned and their physiological responses were tested. The results of the study show a statistically significant effect on the athletes' physiological responses and performance parameters measured for the different types of sportswear tested. The sample with 100% polyester produced the best physiological responses and performance from the athletes. This effect can be related to better moisture management, which reflects the amount of relative water vapour permeability (68%) and lower thermal conductivity. This will enhance the body's temperature regulation leading to increase athletes' cardiorespiratory fitness and performance. The results also show the high correlation between the sportswear fabrics properties and athletes' physiological responses and performance, except the relationship between the endtidal partial pressure of oxygen (PETO2) and fabric thickness (h), air permeability (AP) and thermal resistance (r), which are not highly correlated. The other correlation values vary between (±0.62 and (±1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of thermal behaviour, such as thermal insulation, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion, of single jersey, rib and interlock knitted fabrics made out of ring- and compact-spun yams has been studied. The physical characteristics, such as fabric aerial density, air permeability, tightness factor, and fabric thickness, have been studied and their relationship with thermal behaviour using multivariable ANOVA analysed. The experimental results show that the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusion and thermal resistance of the knitted fabrics depend on the fabric properties such as thickness, tightness factor, aerial density and air permeability. It is found that the compact-spun yarn knitted fabrics (Sussen Elite and Com4) show higher thermal insulation behaviour in all the knitted structures in comparison to ring- spun yam knitted fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waterproof breathable properties have recently been widely used in textile applications, due to their comfort properties. The studies on waterproof breathable fabrics are generally related to woven fabrics. In this investigation, we propose to find some evidence that knit fabric structure is also appropriate for waterproof breathable laminations, regarding their comfort properties. Within this scope of investigation, single jersey knitted fabrics, made of viscose, polyester, cotton and bamboo yarns, are laminated with polyether polyurethane and polyester polyurethane membranes, using reactive polyurethane adhesives. Samples are tested for their water permeability, air permeability, and water vapor permeability, wicking and drying, in their original state and after five washing cycles. The effect of fabric fiber composition and membrane type is analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]