Search

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A wideband meta-material absorber with square and circular split rings that is based on a frequency selective surface of conductive ink is proposed. With over 90%absorptivity, the structure demonstrates broad absorption for the C, X, KU, and K bands, as well as polarization independent characteristics for both TE and TM, at angles of up to 45°. Research has been performed to better understand the absorption phenomenon by looking into real and imaginary permittivity, permeability, normalized impedance, and surface current density. The metamaterial absorber (MA) discussed in this study finds use in defense-related applications, such as radar surveillance, stealth technology, terrestrial and satellite communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work describes the preparation and application of a screen-printed electrode (SPE) for direct melatonin (MT) determination in samples of saliva and urine. The low-cost SPE was obtained using a simple and feasible 2D printing methodology and a lab-made conductive ink based on graphite powder and colorless nail polish. The proposed electrode showed similar electrochemical performance compared to a commercial SPE towards melatonin oxidation. Based on electrooxidation of melatonin recorded at +0.62 V an electroanalytical method was developed using the lab-made SPE under square wave voltammetric conditions. Repeatability and reproducibility studies showed that the relative peak current values did not show significant differences between them. Under optimized parameters inherent to the methodology and voltammetric technique, the proposed SPE presented a linear dynamic range (LDR) between 0.25 to 75.0 µmol L-1 (R2 = 0.99), and calculated limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 25.8 and 83.3 nmol L-1, respectively, were obtained. The effect of other biologically relevant compounds such as glucose, urea, and estradiol was investigated, and non-significative signal interference was observed. The method proposed was successfully applied to MT determination in spiked samples providing good recovery values between 95.6 to 104%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several efforts were made to fabricate a graphite ink easy to prepare, cheap, and with good conductivity. The proposed ink composition was graphite and nail polish (50:50%), using acetone as an organic solvent. The materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electrochemidal impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements. The results confirmed the conductive nature of graphite and the insulator nature of nail polish. Although nail polish is an insulator, it acts as a binder, improving the ink adhesion and does not harm the ink conductivity. The result was a well-dispersed ink that cost $0.034 ml-1 with an average ohmic resistance of 2.17 kΩ. The electrochemical behavior was also investigated, showing a low background current and a well-defined peak corresponding to the redox probe. This indicates that the graphite ink can be used in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• DI/PVP graphene ink exhibit high wetting, good stability and electrical conductivity. • Electrical conductivity increased with increasing number of printing cycle. • Insignificant drop in conductivity (about 0.2%) when the bending force was released after 100 bending cycles. Inkjet printing of graphene conductive inks plays a critical role in the technological advancement in flexible and stretchable electronics applications. In this study, water-based graphene conductive ink was fabricated and printed through inkjet printing on polyethylene terephthalate substrate. Deionized (DI) water and three different types of surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and Gum Arabic GA)) were utilized in the preparation of graphene conductive inks. Among other conductive ink formulations, graphene conductive inks fabricated using the DI/PVP surfactant exhibit relatively higher wetting and stability properties. In addition, this formulation led to an increment of about 80% in electrical conductivity compared to DI water-based conductive ink. The results revealed an improvement of about 50 times in the electrical conductivity of the printed film when the number of the printing cycle was increased from 1 to 10. Furthermore, it was observed that under 50% tensile strain, the graphene film prepared using the PVP surfactant exhibited only a 0.12% drop in electrical conductivity. Therefore, it is inferred that the conductive inks prepared from DI/PVP surfactants are highly suitable for use in flexible and wearable electronics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tecnologia em Metalurgia, Materiais e Mineração is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Metalurgia e Materiais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tungsten disulfide quantum dots (WS2 QDs) embedded lab on genochip based analytical device (PAD) was developed for the specific DNA detection of Meningitis, a life threatening disease. This paper-based lab on genochip was designed by grafting the two electrodes onto the surface of paper using conductive ink. The WS2 QDs were characterized by X-ray diffraction technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Following this, specific oligonucleotide sequence of DNA (capture probe) was immobilized over the surface of WS2 QDs/PAD electrode. The ssDNA/WS2QDs/PAD device was characterized electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry. The device was employed for detection of target DNA (by hybridization) by employing methylene blue (MB) as an indicator. The biosensor exhibited a wide linear response in the range 1 nM-100 µM towards the target DNA. The limit of detection (LOD) of target DNA of the proposed device is 1 nM. The advantageous features of this device than the existing biosensors include cheaper analysis cost, tiny sample requirements and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rare Metal Materials & Engineering is the property of Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• High AgNO 3 concentration and reaction temperature increased yield of AgNPs and subsequently increased electrical conductivity of ink. • Increased AgNO 3 concentration and reaction temperature increased yield of AgNPs and electrical conductivity of ink. • PVP was an effective stabilizing and capping agent for AgNO 3 , leading to greater stability of AgNPs for up to 45 days. • Findings provide insights for development of stable and high-performance waterbased AgNPs conductive inks for various applications. Developing conductive inks for printed electronics has gained increasing interest in recent years as a low-cost and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional organic metal-based inks. This study aims to investigate the influence of silver nitrate (AgNO 3) concentration at different temperatures and the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) surfactant concentration on the properties of the colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) conductive inks. In this study, water-based AgNPs were prepared using a chemical reduction method. The effect of AgNO 3 concentration, the reaction temperature, and the amount of PVP as a stabilizing agent on the size, shape, and purity of the synthesized AgNPs was investigated. The stability, thermal characteristics, and functional groups of the water-based AgNPs were also evaluated. The printed AgNPs patterns were examined for morphological and electrical properties. Results indicated that the concentration of AgNO 3 and reaction temperature influence the size of AgNPs particles and their clustering. A high concentration of AgNO 3 results in a higher yield of AgNPs and subsequently increases the electrical conductivity to 2.69×10° S/m. Adding PVP improves the stability of AgNPs for up to 45 days. Therefore, the development of water-based colloidal AgNPs conductive ink in this study can be used in inkjet printing to fabricate environmentally friendly printed electronics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are encapsulated in water droplets and dispersed in oil to form a stable emulsion. • AgNP/water droplets show a much lower sedimentation rate due to the greatly reduced apparent density. • The water/oil interfaces around AgNP prevent aggregations and lead to better long-term ink stability. • The AgNP emulsion ink could be utilized in printing conductive tracks. Abstract Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) inks are the most commonly used conductive ink for printed conductive tracks. However, the ink stability against aggregation and sedimentation is poor and results in short shelf life, severe nozzle clogging, and bad printing qualities. Herein, a new method is developed to improve the stability of AgNP inks. In this work, a water-in-oil type emulsion is used as a carrier for water-based silver nanoparticles. Different water/surfactant ratio are examined for the complete AgNP uptake in water nano droplets. The morphology of AgNP after emulsification is carefully examined with electro-microscopy to elucidate the particle engulfment in water. The encapsulated AgNP show a much lower sedimentation rate due to the greatly reduced overall density of encapsulated AgNPs/water droplets. Moreover, the water/oil interfaces around AgNPs prevent aggregations, and thus leads to better long-term ink stability. The physical properties of AgNP emulsion meet the requirement of the printer and stable inkjet droplet can be produced. Conductive tracks with electrical resistance 4.92 μΩ-cm and line width 170 µm can be printed on photo papers, which demonstrates the potential of the emulsion for inkjet printing application. Graphical abstract Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A landfill simulation study was conducted using EPA methods 1311 and SW 846 in combination to assess the potential environmental impacts that could occur by the landfilling of printed electronics containing silver flake, silver nanoparticle, and nickel conductive inks. It appears that the amounts of inks used to print electronics might pose a threat to the environment even at low weight concentrations. First analytical Labs provided ICP-MS analysis for this research. It was found that the nickel ink used could have a potential environmental impact if landfilled in large quantities. The silver flake and nanoparticle inks did not cross the concentration threshold named in EPA method 1311-Toxicology Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). However, due to the low weight ratio in this experiment, it is believed that more research should be conducted to fully evaluate these inks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A green water-based silver nanoplate ink was developed for printed circuit board. The growth of the nanoplates was shown by the colour change of the solution. Silver nanoplates with the side length around 20–40 nm in the ink were identified by transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffractomer. The ink patterned on the flexible substrates (polyimide) turned into conductive pattern after sintered at 300°C for 1 hour. The morphology of the conductive patterns were characterised by scanning electron microscopy. After the sintering process, the resistivity of the conductive ink was 9.43μΩ.cm, while the adhesion to the substrate reached 4 B. Thermal gravity analysis was conducted to deduce the mechanism of the sintering process and the solid content of the ink. The application of the conductive ink was also discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper deals with tactile sensors with circular electrodes in which conductive ink was used as a transducer converting the pressure into an electric signal. The dependence of the resistance on the thickness of the deposited ink layer and on the electrode design was studied; the results are discussed and displayed graphically. Also the properties of identical tactile sensors in which a conductive elastomer Yokohama rubber CS57-7RSC was used were compared with those with conductive ink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper deals with tactile sensors with circular electrodes in which conductive ink was used as a transducer converting the pressure into an electric signal. The dependence of the resistance on the thickness of the deposited ink layer and on the electrode design was studied; the results are discussed and displayed graphically. Also the properties of identical tactile sensors in which a conductive elastomer Yokohama rubber CS57-7RSC was used were compared with those with conductive ink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PMMA induced high porosity in PVDF membrane. • Carbon black and conductive ink caused small pore size formed in PVDF membrane. • Surface roughness was enhanced by carbon black and conductive ink, improving surface hydrophobicity. • A conductive membrane was produced by incorporating with carbon black. • The superhydrophobic PVDF/PMMA/carbon could be electrochemically cleaned after wetting in membrane distillation. In membrane distillation, separation can be greatly enhanced by the use of membranes with high porosity and hydrophobic surface. However, their separation performance drops significantly due to wetting in the presence of surfactant. In this work, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), carbon black and/or conductive ink was incorporated into PVDF membranes with microroughness templated from weave pattern to improve membrane morphology electrochemical properties. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed characteristic peaks of PVDF and additives. Carbon black and conductive ink caused the formation of secondary roughness, while PMMA induced high porosity and thickness. The PVDF-PMMA-CB membrane with a superhydrophobic surface also attained electrical conductivity with cyclic voltammetry recorded. A high permeate flux and stable salt rejection were achieved using this membrane in membrane distillation. It could also be electrochemically cleaned within 4 min after wetting by surfactant, showing a recovered water contact angle of 148.8 °. The membrane could be cleaned by hypochlorite (OCl−), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and/or ferric hydroxides generated during electrochemical cleaning. The cleaned PVDF-PMMA-CB membrane achieved NaCl rejection of more than 95%, but a slightly lower permeate flux than the permeate flux before wetting. [Display omitted]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ohmic curing was utilized as a method to improve the conductivity of three-dimensional (3D) interconnects printed from silver-loaded conductive inks and pastes. The goal was to increase conductivity of the conductive path without inducing damage to the substrate. The 3D via/interconnect structure was routed within 3D polymeric substrates and had external and internal sections. The 3D structures were created by the additive manufacturing (AM) process of stereolithography (SL) and were designed to replicate manufacturing situations which are common in the fabrication of 3D structural electronics that involve a combination of AM and direct write (DW) processing steps. The photocurable resins the 3D substrates were made of possessed glass transition temperatures of 75°C and 42°C meaning that a nonthermal method to increase the conductivity of the printed traces was needed as the conductive inks tested in this study required oven cure temperatures greater than 100°C to perform properly. Ohmic curing was shown to decrease the measured resistance of the via/interconnect structure without harming the substrate. Substrate damage was observed on thermally cured samples and was characterized by discoloration and scaling of the substrate. Resistance measurements of the via/interconnect structures revealed samples cured by the ohmic curing process performed equal or better than samples subjected to thermal curing. The work presented here demonstrates a method to overcome the thermal cure temperature limitations of polymeric substrates imposed on the processing parameters of conductive inks during the fabrication of 3D structural electronics and presents an example of overcoming a manufacturing process problem associated with this emerging technology. An ink selection process involving characterization of the compatibility of inks with the substrate material and the use of different inks for the via and interconnect sections was also discussed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nano-organic silver composite conductive ink has been developed orienting to the flexible electronics. The conductive ink printed on the flexible substrates turned into highly conductive silver metal after sintered at 250°C. Viscosity and surface tension of the conductive ink were 2·3 cps and 26-29 dyne cm−1 respectively. The ink remained stable without condensation or agglomeration during preservation. The resistivity of the conductive film, after annealing, was 11·7 μΩ cm, while the adhesion reached 5B. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were conducted to observe the morphology of the conductive ink before and after heat treatment, and to help deducing a probable mechanism of the reaction during the synthesis and sintering process. The preparation and characterisation of the composite conductive ink were comprehensively demonstrated in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the emergence of smart textiles and wearable textile systems, the need for electrically conductive textiles has become increasingly clear. Often this conductivity is achieved by integrating metal particles, fibres or yarns into textiles or by coating a textile with a metallic layer. In this research, the potential of another method is explored, namely screen printing a textile with conductive ink. This printing technique is an interesting alternative because it is flexible and cost effective. In this study the conductivity was investigated by measuring the square resistance at different stages (i.e. after printing, abrading and washing, respectively). The printed textiles studied herein exhibit good electrical properties after printing and abrading, respectively. However, after twenty washing cycles, the conductivity decreased considerably. Therefore, in order to improve washability, a protective polyurethane layer was put on top of the printed samples, which resulted in the good conductivity of the fabrics, even after washing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar evaporation is a promising desalination technology, and enhancing desalination performance is the key to promoting the application of solar evaporation. In this study, a new type of solar evaporator was prepared using the polyetherimide (PEI) modified cation exchange resin (CER) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based conductive ink (EL-P 3040). The prepared evaporator showed excellent light-to-heat conversion capability and significantly improved the evaporation performance with the evaporation rate of 1.42 kg m−2 h−1. In addition, the removal rates of salt and heavy metal ions were all higher than 99.9%. Salt crystallization during evaporation was suppressed based on the restriction of the cation exchange resin on the free ions transport. The goal of this research is to provide a meaningful reference for promoting the practical application of solar desalination. [Display omitted] • Cation exchange resin in the photothermal composite layer was used for the first time. • Modified cation exchange resin constructed a selective channel to supply water to evaporation interface. • The removal rates of salt ions and heavy metal ions were higher than 99.9%. • Cation exchange resin restricted the free movement of ions and inhibited salt crystallization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an efficient technique for the fabrication of electronic devices. It also enables the use conductive of biomaterials in various applications, such as implants and flexible devices. Designing a new bioink is extremely challenging. For bioelectronics devices, bioink materials should be printable, flexible, conductive, harmless to cells, and sufficiently strong to maintain their shape when immersed in nutrients or under pressure. Over the past few years, several flexible conductive bioinks have been developed that are based on composite pastes containing a biopolymer and conductive micro- and nanoscale materials in the form of metallic particles, conducting polymers, or a mixture of them. Herein, we report a new strategy for the fabrication of a bioink for a commercial 3D printer with the desired conductivity, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility, using a poly(glycerol-co-sebacate) (PGS)-based polymer and zinc. The PGS-based polymer and lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (as a photoinitiator) were added to the zinc, and then, the prepared bioink was polymerized during 3D printing under visible light. According to a microstructural investigation using scanning electron microscopy, the zinc particles were homogeneously distributed in the PGSA matrix. The conductivity of bioink increases with chemical sintering and with an increase in the amount of zinc particles. Based on rheology tests, the appropriate printable composition is 60% zinc and 40% PGS-based polymer. This bioink exhibited remarkable mechanical and adhesive properties in comparison with the PGS-based polymer without zinc, according to tensile, compression, lap shear, wound closure, and burst pressure modules. In vitro and in vivo results indicated that the bioink was not toxic to the cells or the animal over a period of culturing. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]