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The evaluation of teaching quality and practice is increasingly important in higher education and usually done via student surveys (quantitative data) alone. Much less attention is given to teachers’ selfevaluations of teaching practice (qualitative data). This emphasis on quantitative over qualitative data can result in incomplete and biased measures of teaching quality, and inappropriate changes to educational practice, which may, in turn, negatively impact outcomes, experiences and university microcultures. In this paper, we present a case study of an international residential masters module, in rapid transition to online delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic, to demonstrate: 1) how developmental evaluation (DEval) can be used for rigorous critique of teaching practice in conjunction with student satisfaction data; and 2) how qualitative reflections on teaching practice can be transformed into justifiable evaluative evidence, using DEval theory and techniques. Our DEval approach, theorised and enacted using the community of inquiry framework, increased the teachers’ skills and confidence to plan and continually evaluate teaching-learning enhancements. We discuss the implications and benefits of DEval for teachers and universities when used to assess teaching quality. In addition, we expand on existing knowledge to provide clarification on the purposes and appearances of all levels of evaluation in higher education. Practitioner Notes 1. It is beneficial for universities and their staff to increase evaluation skills, knowledge and practice. 2. Developmental evaluation theory and techniques can help transform teachers’ reflections and critiques of their practice into justifiable evaluative evidence, thus increasing the rigor, and subsequent use, of this rich form of data. 3. Developmental evaluation, as described in this paper, can help to build teachers’ skills and confidence in planning and evaluation for ongoing, transformative enhancements to teaching-learning. 4. Using developmental evaluation, teachers self-evaluations can be used in conjunction with student satisfaction data to address some of the current challenges of using student surveys as the primary data source in university assessment of teaching quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing concerns over global climate change and sustainable fuel procurement are driving the search for new ways to derive energy from the seas. Globally, the offshore wind energy sector has progressed rapidly, and wave and tidal-current energy converters are now approaching deployment at commercial scales. To date, most studies of the ecological effects of marine renewable energy development have concentrated on birds and marine mammals. Here, we focus on the consequences for benthic flora and fauna, and for benthic habitats across a variety of scales. We use a "Benthic Footprint" concept to discuss the potential for species-specific environmental responses, and to consider the poorly understood cumulative effects of wind, wave, and tidalcurrent energy operations on marine ecosystems. Collaborations between ecologists, industry specialists, and government bodies, as well as better designs for devices, arrays, and developments consisting of multiple arrays, can contribute to the goal of reducing the Benthic Footprint of marine renewable energy, thereby facilitating large-scale implementation of these technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The pollution effects of cage aquaculture represent an external cost to society, and the challenge for environmental economists has been to estimate the magnitude of these costs and to suggest ways in which they can be mitigated or ‘internalised’. One possible mitigation strategy involves the development of integrated production systems based on polyculture, and this paper examines the financial viability of such a system that integrates the farming of salmon and mussels. The results demonstrate the commercial potential of an integrated salmon–mussel production system under present market conditions, but highlight the critical role played by future price trends. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study evaluated on-farm implementation and effectiveness of Malaysian seaweed aquaculture policies and regulations that applied the biosecurity concept. The knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) survey tool was utilised to assess the effectiveness of the biosecurity measures adopted by seaweed stakeholders, including 67 seaweed farmers and ten government extension officers, who were located in the three most productive seaweed producing regions. The KAP results indicated a disconnection between the implementation of biosecurity measures in national policy and uptake by practising farmers. Although farmer's biosecurity knowledge and attitude scores were fair (55.7–64.1%), implementation of practices was poor (36.1–40.6%). The survey data highlighted that a low educational level, combined with the temporary nature of employment in the seaweed sector, contributes to the lower KAP scores. Extension officers are also limited in their ability to support farmers in implementing good biosecurity practices due to their moderate knowledge (57.9%), despite having a good attitude towards biosecurity (76.9%). The implementation of national seaweed policies including biosecurity prevention, and mitigation measures, remains weak due to the limited understanding and ability of the stakeholders to carry out farm risks. By identifying some forthwith gaps, this work highlights where short-term improvements and longer-term goals could be introduced. This study also highlights the importance of translating biosecurity policy into on-the-ground knowledge and stresses the need for economic support to enable a more significant impact in the upstream level of the seaweed aquaculture industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]