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In order to promote the intelligent development of online education and optimize the status quo of online education, an online education method based on distributed multi-layer data processing technology is proposed. The method integrates the database information and builds the BTREE index by calculating the distributed database resource information, the initial information sequence, the main information set and the trade-off coefficient of information attributes. The bidirectional index method is used to extract the core data segment of integrated data and establish the time series table. The schedule is used to constrain the data twice, and the coincidence degree of the initial data transmission path is compared with the actual path parameters after evaluation, so as to realize the automatic matching of the data transmission path. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional transmission path matching method, the designed automatic matching method improves the matching accuracy of the complete data transmission path by 24% and the broken data transmission path by 19%, which has practical advantages. It is proved that this method can promote the precise personality teaching of online education, so as to achieve the effect of optimizing online education. It can also provide reference for the intelligent development of other online education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building "a new model of major-country relations," particularly with the United States, has become one of China's major foreign policy objectives. Yet, outside of China, the concept is often seen as an empty slogan with no practical utility. By examining both the concept of the new model of major-country relations (NMMCR) and China's climate cooperation with the United States, I argue that the concept and initiative of NMMCR--with its emphasis on a common fate and shared futures, viewed as a means of achiev- ing cooperation rather than conflict to achieve common goals--reflects well the changing environment of the twenty-first century and is thus a positive new development in China's foreign policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the relationship between Regional Security Complex theory (RSCT) with both traditional and human security perspectives. Traditionally, security studies concerned mainly issues of war and force; and treated the state as the only referent object and understood "security" in purely objective terms. By contrast, RSCT asserts that, as "a self-referential practice", security should be regarded as a phenomenon of socially constructed intersubjective politics, not understandable either in purely objective or subjective terms. Yet, RSC theorists are reluctant to address the issue of human security, as they fear this could result in a reductionist understanding of security (see, Buzan 2004). But we must ask whether this reluctance is sustainable? The key issues are conceptual clarity and moral judgements. In terms of conceptual clarity, it would be unwise to expand the security agenda so widely that everything becomes a security issue. Moreover, the concept of human security remains ambiguous, and hence presents analytical difficulties. However, if IR is to reflect developments in the real world and respond to challenges arising from the policy arena, it must engage with the concept of human security. In other words, the intersubjectivity of securitisation means that the referent object of security ceases to be fixed. Ethical questions are less straightforward. The human security approach, with its idea of "people-centric-security", requires us to reorient security thinking around the individual as the referent object. This is bound to produce ethical dilemmas, particularly when there are conflicts between individuals and states. In fact, the main recent disruptions to international security have resulted more from human suffering by natural disasters or of violations of human rights by governments than from interstate wars. How then shall we draw the lines of human security? If threats to human security come not only from natural disasters, but also from conflicts between states and their citizens, does this mean that state sovereignty should be curbed? So far, the extensive debates on issues of "order" and "justice" have failed to produce satisfactory answers. By definition, ethical judgements are difficult. Thus, the RSC theorists' conservative approach to human security is understandable, but little is gained by excluding the concept. Human security issues are becoming more important in international society and present RSCT with conceptual and moral challenges. Above all, the key concepts of RSCT- security for whom, from what and by what means now require ethical judgements. If this is tile case, future security studies may be forced to transcend the traditional limits of International Relation and have to embrace the insights and methodologies of neighbouring academic disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]