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How to manage the “self” on the streets of suburbia when everybody knows each other? Due to the social and spatial manageability of suburban spaces, contact with more or less (un)known others is to be expected. Through repeated and continuous contact, residents are automatically and reciprocally assigned the role of acquaintances. This situation requires finding the right distance. The positioning of oneself and others, the perception and practice of distance, results in comfort and freedom from conflict. This coping strategy for public (street)spaces reflects a socio-spatial (con)figuration that is enacted as street management. Although street life is dominated by the notion of nothingness, everyone campaigns to stay private in public by setting up a “public self”. The research findings I refer to are based on two case studies in suburban spaces on the outskirts of Hanover (the state capital of Lower Saxony, Germany). In order to understand and explain the life-worlds of suburbanites in general and their manifestation on streets in particular, I conducted exploratory interviews, go-alongs and field observations. To create an atmosphere of comfort, convivial as well as conflictual situations are to be avoided, which is achieved by the residents positioning themselves and others at a distance. Since street life in the suburbs is uneventful and provides a sense of security and familiarity, living together in coexistence is routine. The delegation of responsibility for everything public enables suburbanites to be indifferent to others and the setting. The minimal sympathetic way of interacting with each other is symbolised by greetings, which both facilitates and hinders communication. In the end, the life-world suburbia and its streets are spheres of comfort because they are manageable, expectable and knowable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In quantum computing, the use of Pauli frames through software traces of classical computers improves computation efficiency. In previous studies, error correction and Pauli operation tracking have been performed simultaneously using integrated Pauli frames in the physical layer. In such a complex processing structure, the number of simultaneous operations processed in the physical layer exponentially increases as the distance of the surface code encoding logical qubit increases. This study proposes a Pauli frame management architecture partitioned into two layers for a lattice surgery‐based surface code and describes its structure and operation rules. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we generated a random circuit according to the gate ratios constituting the commonly known quantum circuits and compared the generated circuit with the existing Pauli frame and our method. Simulations show a decrease of about 5% over traditional methods. In the case of experiments that only increase the code distance of the logical qubit, it can be seen that the effect of reducing the physical operation through the logical Pauli frame becomes more important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss some aspects of similarity measures in the context of Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs, for short). IFSs, proposed in 1983, are a relatively new tool for the modeling and simulation and, because of their construction, present us with new challenges as far the similarity measures are concerned. Specifically, we claim that the distances alone are not a proper measure of similarity for the IFSs. We stress the role of a lack of knowledge concerning elements (options, decisions, etc.) and point out the role of the opposing (complementing) elements. We also pay attention to the fact that it is not justified to talk about similarity when one has not enough knowledge about the compared objects/elements. Some novel measures of similarity are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Initial seed artefacts play a vital role in proper categorization of the given data set in partitioning based clustering algorithms. Hence, it is important to identify them. We propose a density with distance based method which ensures identification of seed artefacts from different clusters that leads to more accurate clustering results. Our algorithm improves on the search for initial seed artefacts iteratively until the minimum value of the sum of within sum errors, normalized by their data sizes, is ensured. This is because the initial artefacts are selected from different clusters. Here the choice of seed artefacts guarantees a global optimum clustering solution. We have compared our results with random, Wu, Cao and Khan's methods of initial seed artefact selection, to show the efficacy of our method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a sub-optimal alternative formulation for a concave minimization problem used in the design of auxiliary inputs for active fault detection and diagnosis. The proposed method is developed in the framework of ellipsoidal reach sets and guaranteed fault diagnosis within a given time horizon. Moreover, the method enables the design of auxiliary inputs in the null input space of the nominal system, thereby reducing the nominal performance degradation. Its properties are investigated for a second-order system and an over-actuated aircraft to demonstrate the method's numerical efficiency and the auxiliary input's efficacy in separating the reach sets for the nominal-faulty and faulty-faulty cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is considered as the potential network for implementing risk-free environment that facilitates least cluttered and safer interaction between the vehicular nodes. The issue of handling channel contention and broadcasting storm during the exchange of warning messages between the emergency vehicles and the Non Line Of Sight (NLOS) nodes is an area of major concern in congestive scenarios for vehicular network. NLOS nodes under emergency situation need to be effectively predicted such that the emergency vehicle is efficient enough in delivering the required information to the NLOS nodes in the stipulated time period with reduced overhead and time delay under a high degree of channel utilization. Weighted Distance Hyperbolic Prediction-Based Detection Scheme (WDHPBDS) is proposed as an effective mechanism that forecasts the NLOS nodes under dynamic moments of vehicular nodes using the merits of range free algorithm that integrates dynamic properties of hyperbolic properties. The simulation of WDHPBDS is investigated using EstiNet 8.1 network simulator by combining the data and management planes of the vehicular network. The results of WDHPBDS analyzed using warning message delivery rate, neighborhood awareness rate and channel utilization rate is confirmed to be 24%, 21% and 27% better to the compared NLOS detection schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to characterize various LED light curing units (LED-LCU) in order to determine the tolerance threshold for varying the polymerization conditions. Two violet-blue and two blue LED-LCUs were analyzed by using a laboratory-grade spectrophotometer system. Fifty-five curing conditions were simulated in each LED-LCU by varying the position (centered and with an offset of 3-mm to the left, right, lower and upper direction) and the exposure distance (0 mm to 10 mm in 1-mm steps). Irradiance decreased with increasing exposure distance, while the effect of the LCU position was significant and LCU-specific. Only one LED-LCU enables the irradiance threshold of 1,000 mW/cm2 to be achieved in all positions up to an exposure distance of 4 mm. LCUs with a more homogeneous light beam profile more easily tolerate deviations from the ideal curing conditions. The study enables dentists to identify the limits of modern LED-LCUs and to estimate potential deviations from ideal curing conditions for clinically relevant situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibration data consists of batches of time series which if accumulated over a period of time is a huge collection of numeric data. Reducing such data for use in deep learning models for computational effciency is a challenge. Combinatorial and discrete approaches, on the other hand, is not an extensively explored area when it comes to datasets. This paper aims to identify feature reduction techniques based on discrete approaches such as euclidean distance using dot products on vibration data samples from accelerometers fitted on bearings. In this limited experimentation, the procured dataset by this approach is considerably smaller in size as compared to the actual complete data, and with comparable results in prediction models, it can be used as a smaller representation of a sensor timeline. The results based on different models show that such reductions can be considered in building IoT applications in industries based on sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intra-cell travel is a difficult topic in zone-based travel demand models. In the past, different strategies were applied to approximate the average intra-cell distances by using zone size, diameter, distances to neighbors and other techniques. In this work we examine a new approach which uses address coordinates and a high performance routing program to achieve more accurate results. We apply our method to three different zoning schemes for the city of Berlin, Germany. The result consists of average travel distances for each zone based on all potential destinations. Surprisingly, the ratio of network distance and beeline distance is independent from the three different zoning schemes tested. This detour-factors depend only on the street network. For beeline distances larger than 400 m, we identify a simple transfer function between beeline and travel distance, which extends the classic transfer functions between different zones to intra-zone distances. We show that many distances below 100 m belong to a second class of intra-cell routes, which corresponds to the routing in a Manhattan-block grid. These two classes describe the intra-cell distances in our example quite well and we expect this approach to be helpful to examine other areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A single micromixer composed of double Archimedes-screw adapted to fit in microchannel to generate 3D omnidirectional momentum-changes and multiple jets for enhancing mixing performance. • With the spiral conformation, the Archimedes-screw micromixer (ASM) can substantially enhance fluid circulation. • The screw-turn of the ASM was investigated for an optimal design. The quantitative analysis of experimental mixing result shows good agreement with the simulation findings Recent developments in 3D micromixers promise to accomplish satisfactory mixing for applications in microchemical process, biomicrofluidic analyses, μ-TAS, etc. However, the complicated 3D architecture employed to ensure thorough mixing might reduce fluid circulation due to the space for fluid flowing becomes narrow. In this study, we developed a single 3D multi-manifold micromixer composed of a double-Archimedes-screw for rapidly mixing within a short distance. Archimedes screw is well known for its fluid circulation under stable flow. The mixing strategy is based on split-and-recombination for increasing the interfacial area, and the 3D flow rotation for generating omnidirectional momentum-changes during the fluid propagation. With the spiral conformation, the Archimedes-screw micromixer (ASM) can substantially enhance fluid circulation. Numerical simulations used to help to design the optimal screw-turn show that satisfactory mixing efficiency can achieve at the distance of approximately twice the microchannel width. The ASM characteristics, such as pressure loss, ratio of cross-sections, and Reynolds number (Re) were evaluated. Experimental demonstration by an ASM fabricated by two-photon stereolithography showed mixing result in good agreement with the simulation findings. A single micromixer composed of double Archimedes-screws adapted to fit rectangular section microchannel to generate 3D omnidirectional momentum-changes and multiple jets for high efficient mixing. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Histórica (02528894) is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigated the influence of curing distance on µ-flexural strength (µ-FS) of a nano-hybrid composite, cured using the manufacturer-recommended curing time (MCT), compared to a consistent radiant exposure (CRE) using three different light-curing units (LCUs). Beams (6x2x1 mm) were cured using the MCT or CRE with a quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH); a single-emission-peak light-emitting-diode (SLED), or a multiple-emission-peak light-emitting-diode (MLED) LCU. Specimens were cured at 0-, 2- or 8-mm distances (n=10) and the bottom irradiance and CRE were measured using a Managing Accurate Resin Curing-Resin Calibrator spectrometer. µ-FS testing was performed, and data analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison tests (α=0.05). Mean bottom irradiance was (25.4-99.7 mW/cm²) and CRE (0.31-1.11 J/cm²). µ-FS was 422.1-516.6 MPa (MCT) and 440.4-490.4 MPa (CRE). Comparing CRE to MCT showed that µ-FS significantly decreased using the CRE at 2-mm (QTH) or the MCT at 2- and 8-mm (SLED). µ-FS may be significantly impacted by the curing protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing techniques such as selective laser melting enable the production of customised components with high geometrical freedom. However, SLM results in a material condition with different properties to their conventionally manufactured counterparts. The presence of process-inherent defects can significantly impact the degradation of part performance. Hereby, a novel approach to assessing notched SLM Ti-6Al-4V material via a critical distance theory is presented. Geometrical notches of varying size are evaluated. Results show that the Theory of Critical Distances is appropriately applicable to fatigue prediction of SLM Ti-6Al-4V in its as-built state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal movement has an important role in individual performance, species reproduction, population demography, and conservation, especially in fragmented landscapes. The distance moved by an individual may vary depending on individual needs, such as the search for food resources and sexual partners. Here we investigated which factors affect the distances between successive captures (hereafter DSC) for Akodon montensis, Oligoryzomys nigripes, Sooretamys angouya, and Didelphis albiventris. This study was conducted from April 2015 to October 2016 in two fragments in the south of Atlantic Forest biome through capture, mark and recapture technique. DSC was analyzed using Generalized Linear Models with Poisson distribution where the independent variables were sex, whether the animal was active or not in terms of reproduction, body weight, and climatic season. The mean DSC was greater for D. albiventris (44.6 ± 28.8 m), followed by S. angouya (31.9 ± 25.7 m), O. nigripes (25.8 ± 22.5 m) and A. montensis (18.9 ± 22.0 m). Males of all species moved larger DSC than females. Considering the rodents, reproductive animals also moved larger DSC than non-reproductive animals. Sex may have masked the effect of body weight, as males tend to be larger than females. Climatic effects were tested for A. montensis and O. nigripes, however, with diverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report, we perform the digital filter computation using Matlab for Wi-Fi tracking application. This work motivates to improve the accuracy of filter algorithm in the RSSI-based distance localization system. There are several aspects that we can improve, e.g., in the Filter part and Path-loss model. But, in this work, we focus on filter part; Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is implemented to replace linear Kalman Filter (KF), which is used in previous work. Based on the performance comparison, UKF has 90% hit ratio while linear KF has only 81.15 % hit ratio. We found that UKF can handle the noise in RSSI. Further work, the UKF algorithm is then embedded on the server system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fourier transform has abundant applications in the field of power systems. One of the chief uses of this technique is differentiating between power swings and the faults occurring simultaneously with these swings in the power system. Despite many efforts to use Fourier transform for this purpose, the available methods have significant restrictions that affect their applicability. This paper introduces a new method based on Fourier transform for detecting power swings and various types of simultaneous faults that occur during the power swings. The strength of the proposed method in comparison with currently used schemes is the capability of detecting the unstable and multi-mode power swings and also detection of high-impedance faults. Since the performance of the proposed method depends on defining a threshold value, this paper also provides a quick and simple way to determine this threshold value for various power networks. DIgSILENT and MATLAB softwares have been used to test the proposed method on the standard IEEE 39-bus test system for different scenarios of power swing and simultaneous fault conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• In-process layer-height-command updating method is proposed. • Proposed method realizes systematic and efficient updating. • Proposed method reduces the operation time by 27% and resource consumption for trials. In directed energy deposition, the layer height command must match the actual clad height to maintain the standoff distance as constant between a deposition nozzle and workpiece. In this paper, an in-process layer-height-command updating method based on the on-machine measurement of the workpiece height is proposed. Our proposed method minimizes the required number of measurements to enhance process efficiency while maintaining the standoff distance fluctuation within tolerance. Additionally, the measurement interval is systematically determined by considering the tolerance and estimated difference between the layer height command and actual clad height, and the validity of the method was experimentally demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify sound source locations and strength by using near-field acoustical holography (NAH), many microphones are generally required in order to span the source region and to ensure a sufficiently high spatial sampling rate. It is often the case that hundreds of microphones are needed, so such measurements are costly, which has limited the application of NAH in industrial settings. Recently, however, it has been shown that it is possible to accurately identify concentrated sound sources with a limited number of microphones based on compressive sampling theory. Here, the theory of the four NAH methods that were studied in the present work, that is, statistically optimized near-field acoustical holography (SONAH), wideband acoustical holography (WBH), l1-norm minimization, and a hybrid compressive samplingmethod, is briefly reviewed. Note that the latter three procedures incorporate elements of compressive sampling. Then, a simulationwith one monopole as the sound source was conducted to illustrate some basic characteristics of these algorithms. In the experimental portion of the work, a multi-element loudspeaker was used as the sound source. A near-field intensity scan was conducted to measure both the true intensity spatial distribution and the sound power generated by the loudspeaker to provide a basis against which the values obtained from the holography reconstructions could be compared. The sound field was reconstructed by using both near- and far-field measurements, and the number of microphone measurements used to reconstruct the sound field was systematically decreased by increasing the spacing between microphones. Both in the simulation and experiment, the sound field was reconstructed by using the four NAH methods mentioned above. Then, the reconstruction resultswere comparedwith the measured intensity results in terms of spatial localization and sound power, and the benefits of the compressive sampling approach are illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional time history analysis has become a demand for the majority of updated building codes. A vast literature has addressed the selecting and scaling of horizontal component of earthquake ground motion. Meanwhile, the scaling of vertical component has been less of a concern. This paper investigates the suggestion of using the same scaling factor of horizontal component of ground motion to scale its vertical counterpart. A data set consists of 6409 mainshock records with vertical and orientation independent geometric rotated (GMRotD 50) response spectra with 5 % damping is used. Even though ASCE 7 - 16 among other international codes recommends to use the same scaling factor for horizontal component and its vertical counterpart, this paper shows that scaling factor of vertical component trends an extreme variation from its horizontal counterpart for various soil classes, different magnitudes and over a wide range of Joyner-Boore distances. Results illustrate that the ratio of vertical to horizontal scaling factors has a strong negative relationship with the ratio of vertical to horizontal peak ground acceleration. Earthquake magnitude has no significant role on the ratio of vertical to horizontal scaling factors. A gradual increase is observed in the studied ratio over a wide range of Joyner-Boore distances. The paper ends up with simplified equations to calculate the scaling factor of vertical component in regards with the scaling factor of its GMRotD50 horizontal counterpart based on the (V / H) PGA ratio of the recorded components. Robust statistics manifest the goodness of the developed equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Our findings support a novel "salience hypothesis", which suggests that geographical proximity heightens the salience of organizational status boundaries, thereby impeding interpersonal professional tie formation across these boundaries. • Whereas geographical proximity reproduces existing circuits of knowledge exchange among people from status-similar departments, geographical distance plays an important role in knowledge production across status groups, which is one reason that academia is not completely fragmented along the lines of organizational status distinctions. • Our study promotes an organizational perspective for the study of interpersonal professional tie formation – a hitherto largely overlooked perspective. Our study examines the interactive effect of organizational status distance and geographical proximity on interpersonal professional tie formation. Whereas Blau (1977, 1994) proposes that geographical proximity will weaken the negative effect of organizational status distance on professional tie formation, our analysis of co-authorship in academic accounting over a 30-year period shows that geographical proximity between departments strengthens the negative effect of organizational status distance on the likelihood of coauthorship tie formation. These findings support our proposed "salience hypothesis", which suggests that geographical proximity heightens the salience of organizational status boundary and consequently impedes people from status-distant organizations to form collaborative ties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines Slovak decision makers’ perception of the rest of the European Union member states. The underlying assumption is that member states’ mutual perceptions of each other are important for developing informal and like-minded groups that gained a prominent role in the Council of the EU within the enlarged EU. Due to the large number of decision makers participating in meetings, formal processes have partly been replaced by informal ones, as they enable pre-discussions and thus smoothen the functioning of the Council. Based on interviews with Slovak representatives, the present research identifies differences in the perception of EU member states. The size and level of trade with an EU member seem to be linked to its perception: bigger countries are perceived more favourably than smaller ones. Geographical distance does not seem to have an impact on perception. The paper discusses Poland as the main exception to these findings in more detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effects of distance above ground on fungal colonization during air-seasoning were evaluated over time on blackgum (Nyssa spp.) and red oak (Quercus spp. Section Lobatae) ties 150, 200, and 300 mm from the ground by culturing increment cores removed from three locations on each of 200 ties over the seasoning period. Fungi were present in many ties at the start of seasoning. Fungal isolations steadily increased with time, but there were no significant differences in frequency for ties seasoned at different sill heights for either timber species. The results indicate that lowering the sill height had no noticeable effect on the rates of fungal colonization of the timber species tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The edit distance is the measure that quantifies the difference between two strings. It is an important concept because it has its usage in many domains such as natural language processing, spell checking, genome matching, and pattern recognition. Edit distance is also known as Levenshtein distance. Sequentially, the edit distance is computed by using dynamic programming based strategy that may not provide results in reasonable time when input strings are large. In this work, a distributed algorithm is presented for parallel edit distance computation. The proposed algorithm is both time and space efficient. It is evaluated on a hybrid setup of distributed and shared memory systems. Results suggest that the proposed algorithm achieves significant performance gain over the existing parallel approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Phylogenetics is one of the dominant data engineering research disciplines based on biological information. More particularly here, we consider raw DNA sequences and do comparative analysis in order to come up with meaningful conclusions. When representing evolutionary relationships among different organisms in a concise manner, the phylogenetic tree helps significantly. When constructing phylogenetic trees, the elementary step is to calculate the genetic distance among species. Alignment-based sequencing and alignment-free sequencing are the two leading distance computation methods that are used to find genetic relatedness of different species. In this paper, we propose a novel alignment-free, pairwise, distance calculation method based on k-mers and a state of art machine learning-based phylogenetic tree construction mechanism. With the proposed approach, we can convert longer DNA sequences into compendious k-mer forests which gear up the efficiency of comparison. Later we construct the phylogenetic tree based on calculated distances with the help of an algorithm build upon k-medoid clustering, which guaranteed significant efficiency and accuracy compared to traditional phylogenetic tree construction methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an intervehicle distance control (IDC) to solve the problem of autonomous vehicle platooning, motivated by future automated highway system (AHS) or smart road which is proposed as intelligent transportation system (ITS) technology. First the velocity and position control of the single vehicle is studied based on internal model compensator. And then the platooning problem on multiple vehicles is solved in the light of multiagent concept. Moreover, the platoon condition is derived for the corresponding scheme. Further we analyze the influence of controller parameters on the whole system, and propose the guidance for parameter design. Finally some simulations are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed IDC scheme with an analysis on controller parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent fault-diagnosis methods based on deep-learning technology have been very successful for complex industrial systems. The deep learning based fault classification model requires a large number of labeled data. Moreover, the probability distribution of training set and test data should be the same. These two conditions are often not satisfied in practical working conditions. Thereby an intelligent fault-diagnosis method based on a deep adversarial transfer network is proposed, when the target domain only has unlabeled samples. The Wasserstein distance is used as a metric to learn a domain-independent feature through the adversarial training between the generator and the domain discriminator. Meanwhile, a reasonable loss function of fault classification is designed, which can ensure that the learned feature does not contain domain information, but also contains fault classification information. Finally the cross-domain fault classification can be solved, even if there is no labeled vibration data in the target domain. The experimental results show that in transfer tasks under different working conditions, the fault classification accuracy exceeds 90%, which is approximately 10% higher than that of the comparison method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jet impingement is a complex heat transfer technique which involves several process variables, such as nozzle-toplate distance, jet diameter, Reynolds number, jet temperature, among others. To understand the effect of each variable, it is important to study them separately. In industrial applications that use forced convection by air jet impingement, such as reflow soldering, the correct analysis of the flow structure and accurate definition of the variables values that affect the heat transfer over the target surface leads to an increase of the process performance decreasing the manufacturing costs. To reduce costs and time, the introduction of numerical methods has been fundamental. Using a Computational Fluid Dynamics software, the number of experiments is highly reduced, being possible to focus on the phenomena that are highly relevant for the purpose of the study. In this work, the nozzle-to-plate distance (H/D) variable is analyzed. This is considered one of the most important parameters since it influences the entire structure of the jet flow as well as the heat transfer coefficient over the target surface. The results present a comparison between different H/D under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions for a Reynolds number of 2,000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the use of Wireless Sensor Networks grows, many challenging issues with these networks arise. The utilization of power consumption is one of the most significant issue due to the limited energy constraints of the individual sensor nodes. This limitation imposes a challenge to design the best energy-efficient routing mechanism. This work presented an Energy-Efficient Gossiping protocol (EEGossip) that routes data to the sink by choosing the optimal next node. EEGossip uses Chebyshev distance, residual energy and the sink distance as factors when determining the optimal next node. The result of the proposed work has shown that the proposed protocol improves the total energy consumption of the network and leverages the network lifetime since it decreases the computational overhead and ensures that the best next node is chosen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With 35,000 km of bicycle pathways, cycling is common among persons of all ages less than 65 years in the Netherlands. Bicycle is often seen as a standalone travel mode but when integrated as part of a multimodal trip with train, it can be an important solution for long distance journeys, offering more flexibility and faster access time than other travel modes to a railway station. In this paper we investigate which factors influence departure train station choice on combined bicycle-train trips in the western region of the Netherlands. We explore the effects of an individual's socio-economic characteristics, their multi-modal trip attributes, as well as neighborhood characteristics and station attributes. Observations from the Dutch National Travel Survey over the years 2015-2017 are considered for analysis where bicycle is used as either an access or egress mode. A multinomial logit model is estimated in which the choice set of an individual is determined by the stations in the proximity. Results show that stations as far as the fourth closest station are considered as a relevant option for an individual. Additionally, station type and neighborhood characteristics were among the most significant contributors to station choice in the western region of the Netherlands [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The report provides examples of the use of modern physical and multimedia equipment in lecture demonstrations of the Department of General Physics of MEPhI. The use of distance control technology with remote control for lecture demonstrations is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What constitutes an adequate margin of resection for infiltrative subtypes of soft-tissue sarcomas remains unclear. We aimed to determine the prognostic significance of the margin in millimetres for myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS). 305 patients diagnosed with either a high-grade, localised MFS (n = 98) or UPS (n = 207) were included. The relationship of closest margin in millimetres to viable tumour and oncological outcomes was analysed. The overall local recurrence (LR) rate for all patients were 12%: 19% with positive margin and 10% with negative margin (p = 0.051). The LR rate was similar in patients with negative but <10 mm margin; 13%, 6%, 15%, 17% with 0.1–0.9 mm, 1.0–1.9 mm, 2.0–4.9 mm, and 5.0–9.9 mm margin, respectively. However, the LR rate decreased to 3% if the margin was ≥10 mm. By the R- or R+1-classification, the 10-year cumulative probability of LR was 9%, 15%, 48% for R0, R1, R2 resections, respectively, which was not sensitive enough to stratify the LR risk in patients with negative margins. However, the cumulative probability of LR was significantly stratified by metric distance; the 10-year cumulative LR probability was 3%, 14%, 25% with ≥10.0 mm, 0.1–9.9 mm, and 0 mm, respectively (p = 0.026). A trend towards improved local control by adjuvant radiotherapy was seen in patients with 0–9.9 mm margin (p = 0.078). The resection margin, when measured as a metric distance, correlates with a reduction in LR, and appears to be more significant on local control than radiotherapy. To minimise the risk of LR, a margin distance of at least 10 mm is advocated for MFS and UPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color stability of a bulk-fill (Filtek One Bulk Fill, 3M ESPE) and a conventional (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE) composite resin light-cured at different distances, before and after being submitted to staining with a coffee solution. Sixty specimens of each composite resin were prepared and light-cured at distances of 0, 2 and 4 mm, using a LED light-curing unit (Valo, Ultradent). The specimens were separated (n = 10) for immersion in either distilled water or coffee solution (10 minutes a day for 8 days) to stimulate staining. Color evaluations were performed before and after immersion in the solutions, according to CIELab (ΔEab), CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) and the Whiteness Index for Dentistry (ΔWID). Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests, Mann-Whitney tests and Wilcoxon test were applied (α = 5 %). The a* value for conventional composite resin showed a significant increase after immersion in coffee and distilled water (p < 0.05). Both composite resins showed greater b* values when immersed in coffee than in distilled water, with no significant difference among the light-activation distances (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference for L* among the light-activation distances; both resins showed significant decrease in L* after immersion in coffee (p < 0.05). Color change (ΔEab, ΔE00) and difference in whiteness (ΔWID) were higher for conventional resin when immersed in the coffee solution at all the light-activation distances. Conventional composite resin presented a higher staining value than bulk-fill composite resin, regardless of the light-activation distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The South African National Health Laboratory Service provides laboratory services for public sector health facilities, utilising a tiered laboratory model to refer samples for CD4 testing from 255 source laboratories into 43 testing laboratories. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of distance on inter-laboratory referral time for public sector testing in South Africa in 2018. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study design analysed CD4 testing inter-laboratory turn-around time (TAT) data for 2018, that is laboratory-to-laboratory TAT from registration at the source to referral receipt at the testing laboratory. Google Maps was used to calculate inter-laboratory distances and travel times. Distances were categorised into four buckets, with the median and 75th percentile reported. Wilcoxon scores were used to assess significant differences in laboratory-to-laboratory TAT across the four distance categories. Results: CD4 referrals from off-site source laboratories comprised 49% (n = 1 390 510) of national reporting. A positively skewed distribution of laboratory-to-laboratory TAT was noted, with a median travel time of 11 h (interquartile range: 7–17), within the stipulated 12 h target. Inter-laboratory distance categories of less than 100 km, 101–200 km, 201–300 km and more than 300 km (p < 0.0001) had 75th percentiles of 8 h, 17 h, 14 h and 27 h. Conclusion: Variability in inter-laboratory TAT was noted for all inter-laboratory distances, especially those exceeding 300 km. The correlation between distance and laboratory-to-laboratory TAT suggests that interventions are required for distant laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Changes in the combination of air which can cause deterioration for human health or environmental balances, or the mixing of substances in air that should not be in it causes air pollution. The air layer has been polluted by the wastes generated during production and consumption activities resulting from various activities of humans and this pollution adversely effects living life on the earth. The aim of this study is to examine the factors affecting air pollution by applying a cluster analysis to mixed variable panel data. In line with this purpose, a mixed variable panel dataset has been designed for 28 countries from Eurostat for the period 2007-2013. In this data set, air pollution have been determined as dependent variable. Industrial production, greenhouse gas emissions, garbage waste, investment in the environment and whether the countries are members of the European Union or not have been determined as independent variables of this data set. The cluster analysis has been applied to the panel data set by using Ward's method with Gower distance and proposed distance. For each cluster obtained, cross-sectional dependence, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation assumptions have been tested and deviations from the assumptions have been observed. Therefore, Parks-Kmenta (GLS), Beck-Katz (PCSE) and Driscoll-Kraay estimators which are robust to the deviations from the assumptions, have been applied for parameter estimation. As a result of the study, it has been seen that the factors affecting air pollution vary according to clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effect of the initial clustering center selection on the performance of the K-means algorithm is studied, and the performance of the algorithm is enhanced through better initialization techniques. In the K-means clustering process, when calculating the density of a data set by using a weighted distance density calculation method, significant improvement in the defects of poor clustering results caused by the local optimum and large intra-cluster variance in the traditional K-means clustering algorithm has been found. Experimental results show that by using the improved method proposed in this paper, the intra-cluster variance of clustering results is reduced by 15.5% compared with the traditional method, which makes great improvement in the performance of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Indias is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A series of tests investigating the damage effects of fluid-filled submunitions by high velocity projectile impact were conducted. An analytical model is presented, in which the yaw angle of the projectile was taken into account. Based on the analytical model, the influence of the strike angle, hit-point offset distance and projectile length to diameter ratio on submunition damage ratio were predicted. The analytical results showed a good agreement with the experiments. The submunition damage ratio strongly depends on the hit-point offset distance, showing a significant decrease with increasing hit-point offset distance. For large hit-point offset distance, increasing the length to diameter ratio of the projectile will effectively improve the submunition damage ratio. There is an appropriate yaw angle of the projectile in which the submunition damage ratio will be maximal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a sequence of identical independently distributed random samples from an absolutely continuous probability measure in one dimension with unbounded density. We establish a new rate of convergence of the ∞-Wasserstein distance between the empirical measure of the samples and the true distribution, which extends the previous convergence result by Trillos and Slepcev to the case that the true distribution has an unbounded density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Informatica (03505596) is the property of Slovene Society Informatika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Discurso is the property of Universidade Aberta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Teleworking is widely considered to be a way of solving mobility issues by decreasing the number of commuting trips. However, little is known about teleworking and, more specifically, its links with spatial mobilities and the potential rebound effects. Statistical analysis of data from the Swiss Mobility and Transport Microcensus shows some limits to the ability of teleworking to regulate mobility in Switzerland. Firstly, commuting to a conventional workplace is replaced by (albeit shorter) journeys for other purposes. Secondly, and more importantly, teleworkers live further away from the workplace than their colleagues (24.6 km vs. 16.1 km). Our analysis shows that, although teleworking may reduce the number of commuting trips, it is likely to increase the distance travelled over a working week. Being able to work at home for part of the week may consequently decrease the propensity for residential relocation and increase tolerance for long distance commuting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]