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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the reliability and validity of a single lateral condyle-capsule distance (LCCD) measurement while saving on economic costs and clinical resources. Methods: A longitudinal test–retest design was used to assess the reliability and validity of single-examiner measures over 72 TMJ sonographic analyses. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and a Bland–Altman plot were used to study reliability and validity, comparing the first measurement of the LCCD to the mean of 3 measurements taken one week later by the same examiner. Results: ICC show intraobserver reliability of 0.981, 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 0.969 to 0.988. The mean difference between the ultrasound measurements is 0.019 mm (95% CI 0.0005–0.0383) with a standard deviation of 0.080 mm, demonstrating robust validity. The 95% Limits of Agreement (LoA) are − 0.138 for the lower limit and 0.177 for the upper. Mean relative error is 0.009 mm. Conclusion: Intraobserver reliability of a trained examiner is very high in the single measurement of the LCCD and validity is significant compared to more complex methods. The risk of bias is low since the mean of three LCCD measurements is calculated as opposed to recording only one single measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]