Search

This study assessed the ability of experimental materials consisting of dicalcium silicate (DCS) and tricalcium silicate (TCS) with nanosized particles to form intratubular crystals under phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and the effect on dentin permeability reduction. By isolating the cervical part of the extracted premolars, 195 specimens were obtained. Two experimental materials (DCS/TCS and TCS) were applied to the dentin surface by brushing and stored in PBS (n = 65). Another 65 specimens were not treated. Each group was randomly divided into five subgroups based on the PBS immersion period (1, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days, n = 10). The dentin permeability was measured, and the hydraulic conductance, Lp (%), was calculated. After acid challenge with 1 M acetic acid, Lp (%) was remeasured. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Fisher's least significant difference test (α = 0.05). Three specimens of each subgroup were longitudinally sectioned and examined using scanning electron microscopy and a field emission-electron probe micro analyzer. The Lp (%) of the experimental groups gradually decreased over time (P < 0.05). The hydroxyapatite-like crystals that grew were observed and found to have a Ca/P ratio similar to that of hydroxyapatite. The crystals remained after the acid challenge, and the Lp (%) was not significantly different from that before acid treatment. Intratubular crystals formed from the experimental materials consisted of DCS and TCS and were resistant to acid. These crystals significantly reduced dentin permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tubular occlusion is an effective method to treat dentin hypersensitivity. This study aimed to determine the effect of a modified methyl methacrylate-p-styrene sulfonic acid copolymer-based gel desensitizer on dentin permeability and tubule occlusion in extracted human premolars. Hydraulic conductance (HC) measurement (n = 50) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM; n = 64) were performed. Tooth specimens were divided into 6 groups and treated with: G1, distilled water for 30 s; G2, distilled water for 5 min; G3, gel desensitizer for 30 s; G4, gel desensitizer for 5 min; G5, 3% potassium oxalate for 30 s; G6, 3% potassium oxalate for 5 min. HC of dentin were measured before and after 30 s-etching with 35% phosphoric acid, at 0, 30, 60 min after group treatment and after 5-min acid challenge with 6% citric acid. The degree of tubule occlusion and the penetration depth of each agent were also determined. ANOVA and multiple comparison tests were used for data analysis. G3, G4, G5 and G6 significantly decreased in HC after group treatment every observation period, compared to after acid-etching (P < 0.001), and had 100% degree of tubule occlusion with penetration depth about 7.62, 7.94, 8.59 and 8.66 μm, respectively. However, G6 showed the greatest reduction in HC (P < 0.05). Gel desensitizer treatment, for only 30 s, could reduce dentin permeability and completely occlude the dentinal tubules, even though after acid challenge. However, 5-min treatment with potassium oxalate showed the greatest decrease in dentin permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) manifests as sharp and uncomfortable pain due to the exposure of dentinal tubules (DTs) following the erosion of tooth enamel. Desensitizing agents commonly used in clinical practice have limitations such as limited depth of penetration, slow remineralization and no antimicrobial properties. To alleviate these challenges, our study designed a lactoferrin-derived amyloid nanofilm (PTLF nanofilm) inspired by the saliva-acquired membrane (SAP). The nanofilm utilises Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) to disrupt the disulfide bonds of lactoferrin (LF) under physiological conditions. The PTLF nanofilm modifies surfaces across various substrates and effectively prevents the early and stable adhesion of cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Simultaneously, it adheres rapidly and securely to demineralized dentin surfaces, facilitating in-situ remineralization of HAP through a simple immersion process. This leads to the formation of a remineralized layer resembling natural dentin, with an occlusion depth of dentinal tubules exceeding 80 µm after three days. The in vivo and vitro results confirm that the PTLF nanofilm possesses good biocompatibility and its ability to exert simultaneous antimicrobial effects and dentin remineralization. Accordingly, this innovative bifunctional PTLF amyloid coating offers promising prospects for the management of DH-related conditions. 1. We design a simple, fast, inexpensive, and easy-to-process PTLF nanofilm for nearly any material surface or shape. 2. The PTLF nanofilm modifies surfaces across various substrates and effectively prevents the adhesion of cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. 3. The abundant functional groups on the surface of PTLF nanofilm facilitate bioactive hydroxyapatite (HAP) formation and maintain stability at the HAP remineralization interface. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the influence of two desensitizing agents in reducing dentine permeability. A 6-week study was conducted on 30 adult patients with hypersensitivity to two or more teeth . Patients were divided into two groups using a spilt-mouth study design; each patient received two different desensitizing agents (Gluma Desensitizer,Heraeus Germany, and Clinpro™ XT Varnish 3M ESPE, USA) in each side. The sensitivity was assessed at baseline, immediately after application, and after 1 week, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks. The tactile stimulus were applied with an explorer prob response using a visual analog scale and a standard cold air blast were used to compare the efficacy of desensitizing agents after a single application. The data were analysed using Wilcoxon test with a Bonferroni correction for non parametric data. Based on desansitizing agent, Gluma Desensitizer resulted in a significant reduction in pain scale compared to Clinpro™ XT Varnish using an air blast (P = 0.007) and a tactile test (P = 0.008) immediately post-treatment. All two desensitizing agents were effective in relieving dentin hypersensitivity (DH) up to 6 weeks, independent of their application procedures. There was, however, a significant reduction in mean sensitivity scores of teeth that had been treated with Gluma Desensitizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of diode laser and ozone gas in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DHS). One hundred thirty-two teeth from 44 patients with moderate DHS were randomized into 3 groups according to a split-mouth design. In the diode laser group, the operator irradiated the superficial dentin exposed with an 808-nm wavelength and incremental power from 0.2 to 0.6 W with a 20-second interval. In the ozone gas group, the operator applied a high dose of ozone (32 g/m3) for 30 seconds using a silicon cup. In the placebo group, no therapy was applied. The dentin sensitivity level was evaluated upon enrollment (T0), immediately after treatment (T1), 3 months post-treatment (T2), and 6 months post-treatment (T3) with a cold air blast challenge and tactile stimuli. The pain severity was quantified according to the visual analogue scale. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to scrutinize potential statistical disparities among the treatments. Statistical significance was predetermined at P <.05. A significant decrease of DHS was observed in the ozone gas group and the 'diode laser group immediately after treatment and after 3 and 6 months of the therapy. After 6 months from the therapy, the sensitivity values in the teeth treated with ozone gas remained statistically lower than those treated with diode lasers (P <.05). A laser diode and ozone gas are both efficient as dentin sensitivity treatment. Ozone maintains an invariable effectiveness after 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) affects patients' oral health‐related quality of life, but is not always optimally treated in dental offices. The objectives were to assess dentists' DH‐related education, knowledge, and professional behavior and explore relationships between education, knowledge, and behavior. Methods: Survey data were collected from 220 ADA members in the United States. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed. Results: About half of the respondents agreed/strongly agreed that their dental school had educated them well about diagnosing DH in classroom‐based (53.6%) and clinical settings (48.9%). Lower percentages agreed being well educated about treating DH (40.9%/37.3%). The majority self‐educated themselves about DH after dental school by attending continuing education courses in person or online (60.6%/36.8%), reading articles (64.1%), or consulting with colleagues (59.6%). The majority knew that patients with DH describe their pain as stimulated (91.4%) and that recessed gingiva (89.6%), abrasion lesions (72.3%), tooth whitening (63.1%), erosion lesions (58.6%), and abfraction lesions (51.4%) are risk factors for DH. The majority diagnosed DH with patient self‐reporting, confirmed by exams (81.8%), applying air blasts (53.7%), or cold‐water (52.3%). They treated patients with DH often/very often with over‐the‐counter desensitizing agents (90%), and prescribing fluoride formulations toothpaste (82.8%) and/or potassium nitrate toothpastes (60.9%). In their offices, the majority (73.2%) educated their patients often/very often about DH and used fluoride dental varnish for treating DH (71.8%). The more recently respondents had graduated from dental school, the more positively they described their dental school education (r = 0.14; p < 0.05), the more ways to diagnose DH they used (r = 0.16; p < 0.05) and the more often they used fluoride dental varnish in their offices (r = 0.23; p < 0.001). The more dentists had educated themselves, the more methods for diagnosing DH they used (r = 0.23; p < 0.001) and the more often they used potassium oxalate products (r = 0.19; p < 0.01), Arginine/calcium products (r = 0.19; p < 0.01) and dentin bonding (r = 0.22; p < 0.001). Conclusions: More recently graduating from dental school correlates with more positive evaluations of DH‐related dental school education. The finding that most dentists engage in self‐education about DH after dental school should motivate dental educators to increase education about this topic not only in dental school, but also in continuing education courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of the Problem: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common irritating condition. A precise sensitive test for its assessment can greatly aid in appropriate treatment planning. Purpose: This meta-analysis aims to compare the air blast and tactile tests for assessment of the efficacy Nd:YAG laser therapy versus non-laser treatments for DH in short-term and long-term follow-ups. Materials and Method: For this review, an electronic search of the literature was carried out in three databases by two researchers for English articles published until March 10, 2021. Pooling of the data extracted from the selected articles was performed according to the PRISMA statement by the random-effect model. The mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of pain score before the treatment onset and during the follow-up period according to the visual analog scale (VAS) were calculated. The level of heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 test, and a funnel plot was drawn to assess the publication bias of the reviewed studies. Results: Of 152 articles primarily retrieved, 9 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) using the air blast test and 4 RCTs using the tactile test were subjected to quantitative synthesis. In the short-term follow-up and immediately after treatment, the air blast test showed superiority of laser therapy compared with non-laser treatments (SMD: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.05-1.04, p= 0.03). However, this difference was not significant according to the tactile test (SMD: 0.48. 95% CI: 0.01-0.96, p= 0.06). In the long-term follow-up, the difference between laser therapy and non-laser modalities was not significant according to both air blast (SMD= - 0.38, 95% CI: -1.43-0.67, p= 0.48) and tactile (SMD=0.0, 95% CI: -0.38-0.38, p= 0.99) tests. Conclusion: Comparison of laser therapy and non-laser modalities in the short-term revealed higher sensitivity of the air blast test due to its mechanism of action compared with the tactile test. Further studies are required to interpret the results in the long-term follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the clinical efficiency between the conventional sodium fluoride (self-cure) and potassium fluoride (light-cure) varnish in the treatment of hypersensitive dentin at different periods. Methodology: 100 patients were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups- G1 (control): Composeal varnish and G2 (experimental): Protect Light Seal varnish. The level of hypersensitivity of each volunteer was analyzed by the visual analog scale (VAS scale) at 5 minutes, 1 week, and 1-month intervals by using a blow of cold air from the three-way dental syringe. Non-parametric Kruskall-Wallis test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test were done to compare the pain level scores and to detect the change of pain scores at different periods. Results: Both desensitizers were able to reduce the pain scores significantly (p < 0.001) with time as there was no significant difference (p = 0.991) between them. Although, the potassium fluoride varnish was able to reduce the pain scores to a bearable level (i.e. below 2) within 1 week. Conclusion: The light cure potassium fluoride varnish was able to reduce dentinal hypersensitivity to comfort level within 1week which then further reduced in 1 month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although many clinical studies have reported on the prevalence of dental pain, far fewer studies have focused on the mechanisms of dental pain. This is an important gap because increased understanding of dental pain mechanisms may lead to improved diagnostic tests or therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to comprehensively review the literature on the mechanisms of dentinal sensitivity. PubMed and Ovid were searched for articles that addressed dentinal pain and or pulpal sensitivity. Because of the breadth of research ranging from cellular/molecular studies to clinical trials, a narrative review on the mechanisms of dentinal sensitivity was constructed based on the literature. Five various mechanisms for dentinal sensitivity have been proposed: (1) the classic hydrodynamic theory, (2) direct innervation of dentinal tubules, (3) neuroplasticity and sensitization of nociceptors, (4) odontoblasts serving as sensory receptors, and (5) algoneurons. These theories are not mutually exclusive, and it is possible that several of them contribute to dentinal sensitivity. Moreover, pulpal responses to tissue injury may alter the relative contribution of these mechanisms. For example, pulpal inflammation may lead to neuronal sprouting and peripheral sensitization. Knowledge of these mechanisms may prompt the development of therapeutic drugs that aim to disrupt these mechanisms, leading to more effective treatments for pulpal pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ensuring uniformity and standardization in the application of different diode laser wavelengths for the treatment of symptomatic NCCLs to alleviate sensitivity revealed 660 nm was the most effective, followed by 970 nm and 445 nm. • Examining the impact of studied diode lasers on dentin topography using SEM to substantiate their mechanism of action, aligning the findings with the clinical study showing statistically significant narrowing of the diameter of the DT at wavelengths of 660 nm and 970 nm. • The confirmation of a correlation between electrical pulp tester scores and visual analog scores aimed to eliminate subjectivity in the assessment process. This study assessed alterations in sensitivity among symptomatic noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) following the application of 3 low-level diode laser wavelengths before composite restoration. It analyzed the changes in dentin topography using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Nine patients with 36 NCCLs were randomly assigned intra-individually to 4 groups based on the laser wavelength: laser simulation, 445 nm, 660 nm, and 970 nm. Cavity preparation, irradiation, and composite restoration were performed for each lesion. Sensitivity to cold stimuli was recorded using a visual analog scale (VAS) before the intervention (baseline) and at 1 day, 14 days, 1-, 3-, and 6-month. Pulp sensibility was recorded using an electrical pulp tester (EPT) at baseline, before treatment, and at 3- and 6-month. Additionally, an in vitro examination was performed on 12 extracted human molars to yield 12 dentin discs. Each disc was randomly divided into 4 quadrants to receive the same laser wavelengths to determine the diameters of the tubules using SEM. Results were analyzed statistically for clinical studies by the Friedman test, while ANOVA (RM-ANOVA) was conducted in-vitro, followed by the Bonferroni test in the case of significance (P <.05). VAS readings decreased across all groups, with a significant decrease observed for 660 nm and 970 nm from 14 days to 6-month, while at 445 nm there was a significant decrease at 6-month compared to the control (P <.05). EPT showed a significant decrease in pain threshold levels at 660 nm and 970 nm at 3- and 6-month, while 445 nm showed a significant decrease at 6-month compared to the control (P <.05). The mean tubular diameter at 445 nm decreased, with no significant difference from the control, whereas a significant decrease was found at 660 nm and 970 nm compared to the control (P <.05). Prior to composite restoration in symptomatic NCCLs, diode lasers with a wavelength of 660 nm showed the highest reduction in sensitivity, followed by 970 nm, whereas 445 nm diode lasers showed the least reduction. Additionally, diode lasers with wavelengths of 660 and 970 nm reduced the width of the dentinal tubules (DT) without inducing melting, as viewed under SEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to assess the duration of dentin tubule occlusion by the calcium phosphate precipitation (CPP) method in the vital teeth of beagle dogs. Vital teeth were treated using the CPP method, potassium oxalate, or a bonding agent (Liner bond II) after cavity preparation and acid etching. The dentin tubules of all groups, except for the bonding agent, opened more widely with time in the absence of plaque control. Dentin tubules treated with the CPP method were open and no precipitate remained in the absence of plaque control. Differences were observed in dentin tubule occlusion when plaque control was achieved by daily tooth brushing. The majority of dentin tubules were occluded with an apatitic precipitate seven days after the CPP method with plaque control. The present results demonstrated that the CPP method is useful with proper plaque control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether tooth-brushing with a microcurrent was effective in inducing dentinal tubule occlusion. The specific aims of the study were (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of tooth-brushing with a microcurrent on dentinal tubule occlusion by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); and (2) to compare the dentinal fluid flow rate after tooth-brushing with a microcurrent by using a sub-nanoliter-scaled fluid flow measuring device (NFMD). All experimental groups showed partially occluded dentinal tubules and crystal-like structures at a specific microcurrent intensity indicated that tooth-brushing with a microcurrent could efficiently occlude dentinal tubules. The decrease in dentinal fluid flow rate in the tooth-brushing with microcurrents group indicated that dentinal tubules were occluded and the flow of dentinal fluid had decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The literature lacks long-term evidence regarding outcomes of the coronally advanced tunnel flap (TUN) combined with connective tissue graft (CTG) when compared to the trapezoidal coronally advanced flap (CAF) and CTG combination. This study presents 2-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing CTG combined with either CAF or TUN in the treatment of single maxillary gingival recession (GR) defects.Methods: Thirty-nine patients, each contributing a single Miller Class I or II GR defect, were treated by CAF+CTG (control; n = 19) or TUN+CTG (test; n = 20) and completed the 2-year follow up. Clinical, patient centered, and aesthetic evaluations were performed and differences among groups were analyzed.Results: At 2 years, mean root coverage for control and test group was 89.5% ± 14.6% and 87.7% ± 18.4%, respectively (P = 0.5). The corresponding complete root coverage prevalence was 68.4% and 50% (P = 0.4). Dentin hypersensitivity significantly decreased for both groups. The two groups showed improvement in aesthetics, as assessed by both professionals and patients, without significant intergroup differences (P > 0.5). TUN+CTG sites were much more likely to present improvement in root coverage between 6 months and 2 years, exhibiting creeping attachment of 0.7 ± 0.6 mm.Conclusions: At 2 years of follow up, both CAF+CTG and TUN+CTG resulted in significant clinical and aesthetic improvements and provided similar results in the treatment of single maxillary GRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentin hypersensitivity is a painful response to a non-noxious stimulus applied to exposed dentin. Two processes may expose dentin: loss of enamel and/or loss of cementum. Loss of enamel occurs by attrition associated with occlusal function, by abrasion from dietary components or incorrect toothbrushing, or by erosion associated with environmental or dietary components, particularly acids. Exposure of root dentin is also multifactorial. Periodontal disease with gingival recession, some forms of periodontal surgery, and overzealous brushing are important etiological factors that expose root dentin. In addition, in some individuals the cementum and enamel do not meet, exposing an area of dentin. The management of this condition requires a good understanding of the complexity of the problem as well as the variety of treatments available. Some authors report that lasers may provide reliable and reproducible treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. One concern for laser safety is that the heat produced at the irradiated root surface may diffuse to the pulp, causing irreversible pulpal damage. The protocols advocated today for laser-assisted treatment of hypersensitivity appear to be safe and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentin hypersensitivity is the most frequent complaint among reported odontalgias. It is characterized by a sharp pain arising from exposed dentin in response to thermal, tactile, chemical and/or osmotic stimuli. The enamel or cementum which normally covers the dentin surface may be removed by attrition from occlusal wear, abfractions, abrasive tooth brushing, erosion from acidic diet, gingival recession, or tooth preparation for restorative treatment. Alternatively, in some individuals the cementum and enamel which normally cover the dentin do not meet, and dentin is thus exposured as a result of a developmental anomally. The pain response also varies substantially from one person to another. This review article describes the etiology, epidemiology, assessment, and conventional treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Dentin hypersensivity (DH) is one of the most common complications occurring after periodontal treatment. Various methods such as Nd:YAG and Er:YAG have been used to treat DH. Previous studies support the effectiveness of these lasers, but their effect on the tooth surface largely depends on certain parameters of the tooth surface. This study attempts to evaluate some changes of the dentin surface after Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation by using SEM. Materials and Methods: Fifteen freshly extracted mandibular molars were selected, and 4 specimens with known dimensions (1 × 2 × 2 mm) from the buccal surface and below CEJ of all the teeth were prepared to obtain a total of 60 specimens. These specimens were then divided into 4 groups. Group 1 (control) was not subjected to laser irradiation. Group 2 was subjected to Nd:YAG laser irradiation (0.5 W, 50 mJ, 10 Hz, 60 s). Group 3 was irradiated by Nd:YAG laser (1 W, 100 mJ, 10 Hz, 60 s). Group 4 was irradiated by Er:YAG laser (0.3 W, 100 mJ, 3 Hz, 60 s). After preparation and gold coating of specimens, they were observed under SEM. Finally, the number and diameter of dentinal tubules, craters, and microcracks were determined in different groups. Finally, the data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: The number of open tubules showed significant differences between the Nd:YAG (1 W) group and other groups (p < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed between the Nd:YAG (0.5 W), Er:YAG (0.3 W), and control groups. Tubule diameter showed significant differences across all groups (p < 0.001), except between the Nd:YAG (1 W) and Er:YAG groups. Craters and carbonization were only observed in some samples of the Er:YAG group. No microcracks were detected in the study groups. Conclusion: The results of this study show that Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation can cause thermal effects such as decreased dentinal tubule diameter or occlusion. According to this study, the Nd:YAG laser at 1 W power is more effective than the Nd:YAG at 0.5 W or Er:YAG in occluding tubules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Dentin hypersensitivity is a common complaint associated with high dental pain. Low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) can minimize this clinical problem without causing any discomfort to patients. A new LED-based (light-emitting diode) light source has been used as an experimental tool in some studies. The main objective was to compare the effects of LILT and LED on dentinal hypersensitivity. Materials and Methods: A total of 144 teeth with cervical hypersensitivity were treated in 6 sessions, consisting of 3 irradiation sessions and 3 follow-ups. This single-blind study compared a control group (placebo) and two test groups: low-intensity laser and an LED system, emitting in the same spectral band (red, from 630 to 660 nm) but using different operation modes (coherent and non-coherent beam). Two vitality tests (cold and heat) and one sensitivity test (air blast) was used. Results: In the first and third sessions, all of the treatments were similar; in the second session LILT and LED performed similarly, both showing better treatment results than the control. In the follow-up of 15 days, all of the treatments were similar and effective; after 60 days, all the teeth given LILT showed the best results, with absence of pain in the air blast tests. Conclusion: These results showed that two sessions seem to be enough for this treatment. In conclusion, given this protocol, LILT and LED treatment were effective in reducing dentin hypersensitivity. However, with these parameters, LILT seemed to be the best therapeutic method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentin hypersensitivity is the symptom that is often encountered in the clinic, and may be caused by incorrect tooth brushing, gingival recession, inappropriate diet, and other factors. It is generally accepted that the sensation of pain is associated with patent dentinal tubules not covered by the smear layer or the calcified dentin terminating on the root surface. Stimulus transmission across dentin in hypersensitive teeth may be mediated by a hydrodynamic mechanism. Some authors report that lasers may provide reliable and reproducible treatments in the dental field including the therapy of dentin hypersensitivity. Lasers have been shown to fulfill the requirements of Grossman's criteria by being nonirritating to the pulp. Lasers used for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity are divided into two groups: low power output lasers (He-Ne and GaAIAs) and middle power output lasers (Nd:YAG, CO2, Er:YAG, GaAIAs, and Er,Cr:YSGG). In this paper, some kinds of laser devises used for treating dentin hypersensitivity, and the mechanism and assessment on the pain reduction by lasers are described. The effectiveness ranged from 5.2% to 100%, which was dependent on the indications, the laser type, the parameters used and the laser techniques. The mechanism involved in laser treatment of dentin hypersensitivity is not always clear. In general, treatment efficacy of dentin hypersensitivity using lasers is higher than other methods, but it is less effective in severe cases. To select the best treatment of dentin hypersensitivity, it is necessary to first consider the severity of dentin hypersensitivity before laser use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dentin exposure always leads to dentin hypersensitivity and the acid-resistant/abrasion-resistant stability of current therapeutic approaches remain unsatisfatory. Inspired by the excellent self-polymerization/adherence activity of mussels and the superior mineralization ability of bioactive glass, a novel radial mesoporous bioactive nanoglass coated with polydopamine (RMBG@PDA) was developed for prevention and management of dentin hypersensitivity. Radial mesoporous bioactive nanoglass (RMBG) was synthesized by the sol-gel process combined with the cetylpyridine bromide template self-assembly technique. RMBG@PDA was synthesized by a self-polymerization process involving dopamine and RMBG in an alkaline environment. Then, the nanoscale morphology, chemical structure, crystalline phase and Zeta potential of RMBG and RMBG@PDA were characterized. Subsequently, the ion release ability, bioactivity, and cytotoxicity of RMBG and RMBG@PDA in vitro were investigated. Moreover, an in vitro experimental model of dentin hypersensitivity was constructed to evaluate the effectiveness of RMBG@PDA on dentinal tubule occlusion, including resistances against acid and abrasion. Finally, the Young's modulus and nanohardness of acid-etched dentin were also detected after RMBG@PDA treatment. RMBG@PDA showed a typical nanoscale morphology and noncrystalline structure. The use of RMBG@PDA on the dentin surface could effectively occlude dentinal tubules, reduce dentin permeability and achieve excellent acid- and abrasion-resistant stability. Furthermore, RMBG@PDA with excellent cytocompatibility held the capability to recover the Young's modulus and nanohardness of acid-etched dentin. The application of RMBG@PDA with superior dentin tubule occlusion ability and acid/abrasion-resistant stability can provide a therapeutic strategy for the prevention and the management of dentin hypersensitivity. • A mussel-inspired nano-desensitizer RMBG@PDA was successfully developed for managing dentin exposure. • The nanomaterial effectively occludes dentinal tubules with acid- and abrasion-resistance. • The nanomaterial can restore the mechanical capacities of the demineralized dentin. • This nanomaterial could be a potential candidate for dental hypersensitivity treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitive teeth are a rather common clinical problem for which several treatment options have been tested. Laser has been investigated as one of the possible therapies to minimize pain by either obliterating dentinal tubules or promoting dental analgesia. The purpose of this paper was to review laser effects on hypersensitive dentin and to critically discuss most relevant aspects related to laser therapy in sensitive teeth. Although several studies have detected beneficial effects after laser irradiation of hypersensitive dentin, too many unclear variables make this therapy questionable. Few studies conducted controlled double-blinded randomized trials, despite the fact that hypersensitivity clinical trials are particularly influenced by placebo effects, even when traditional techniques are used. Additionally, few follow-ups have been performed to prove long-term effectiveness of laser therapy. Diagnosis of etiological factors and modification of habits are rarely commented as important factors related to therapy success. Indeed, few papers compared laser irradiation effects to conventional treatments. Since available evidence is controversial, laser irradiation of hypersensitive teeth should be viewed with caution. Dental professionals should look carefully at the evidence upon which they base their clinical decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to compare the reducing dentin hypersensitivity between brushing and massage with desensitizing toothpaste method and dentinal tubule sealant application method. The subject was selected 73 volunteers with sensitive teeth, dividing into 2 groups. First group, subjects were brushed with desensitizing toothpaste and massaged with desensitizing toothpaste (Strontium chloride). Second group, subjects were applied dentinal tubule sealant (Resin-containing oxalate) by the dentist. The Visual Analog Scale was used as a measuring tool to record data at baseline, 2, 4 and 8 weeks respectively. The results found that both methods were able to reduce dentin hypersensitivity from baseline values as statistically significant (p <0.05) in 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The percentage of reductions were not significantly different in 2 and 4 weeks. Except week 8, it was found that the brushing and massage with desensitizing toothpaste method reduced the dentin hypersensitivity more than dentinal tubule sealant application method as statistically significant (p <0.05) when tested with cold water. The brushing and massage with desensitizing toothpaste method can effectively reduce dentin hypersensitivity not different from the dentinal tubule sealant application method, which might be the choice of treatment for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of reducing dentin hypersensitivity between brushing and massage with desensitizing toothpaste method and dentinal tubule sealant application method. The subject was selected 73 volunteers with sensitive teeth, dividing into 2 groups. First group, subjects were brushed with desensitizing toothpaste and massaged at the sensitive area of the tooth with desensitizing toothpaste for 1 minute, once per day. Second group, subjects were applied dentinal tubule sealant by the dentist only 1 time. Evaluated the dentin hypersensitivity by air-blast stimulation and cold test by using Visual Analog Scale before the study and 8 weeks. Cost-effectiveness analysis by the ratio of total cost (labor cost +non labor cost + investment cost) of each treatment (baht per tooth) to the effectiveness (reducing dentin hypersensitivity) of the each treatment. The cost-effectiveness for the dentinal tubule sealant application method (410.3 bath/tooth) were 4.74 time higher than that brushing and massage with desensitizing toothpaste method (86.50 baht/tooth) for reduces tooth hypersensitivity. For conclusion: The cost-effectiveness of reducing dentin hypersensitivity by brushing and massage with desensitizing toothpaste method is lower than dentinal tubule sealant application method, might be the choice of treatment for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of desensitizing dentifrices containing stannous fluoride (SnF2) on dentinal tubule occlusion. Two experimental dentifrices with the same ingredients but different SnF2 concentrations (Group II, 0.4% w/w; Group III, 0.454% w/w) were used; distilled water was used in the control group (Group I). Third molars were collected from Japanese and American dental patients. The crowns were removed and sectioned to obtain dentin discs, which were further cut into quarters. Thirty-six specimens each from Japanese and American patients were divided into three sets (n = 12 each) and assigned to each of the three treatment groups. The specimens were brushed for 10 s twice per day for 4 days. After treatment, the discs were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the extent of dentinal tubule occlusion in the images was expressed on a five-point categorical scale. Group II and III specimens from Japanese and American patients showed greater dentinal tube occlusion than those from Group I, but the differences were not statistically significant. The present results suggest that both SnF2 concentrations mitigate dentin hypersensitivity, regardless of patient ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the dentinal tubular occlusion of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) containing desensitizing toothpastes and their influence on the resin-dentin bonding performance of two mild self-etch adhesives. Materials and methods Mid-coronal dentin specimens were prepared from obtained intact human third molars. They were immersed in 1% citric acid for 20 s to expose the dentinal tubules to simulate sensitive teeth and then randomly divided into four groups. The control group received no desensitizing treatment. Experimental groups were treated with two commercial nHAp containing desensitizing toothpastes (Biorepair and Dontodent) and an experimental pure nHAp paste respectively. Each group was further divided into two subgroups and bonded with either G-Bond or Clearfil S3 Bond. The micro-tensile bond strength was tested and failure mode distribution was analyzed. Moreover, the effect of desensitizers on dentinal tubular occlusion was observed by the field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Resin infiltration of the adhesives labeled by fluorescent Rhodamin B was evaluated under confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results FESEM revealed that all the desensitizers noticeably occluded the dentinal tubules, and the extents were completer after application for 7 days. The majority of the occlusion still preserved even after acid challenge with cola or adhesive. CLSM demonstrated shorter resin tags were produced in the desensitized groups. When bonding with G-Bond, the pure nHAp group showed comparable bond strength to the control group, while Biorepair and Dontodent treatment decreased the bond strength. For groups bonded with Clearfil S3 Bond, all the desensitizers reduced the bond strengths compared to the control and no significant difference was found among the three groups. Conclusion Nano-hydroxyapatite containing desensitizing toothpastes could occlude dentinal tubules effectively with a certain degree of acid resistance, which contributes to the relief of dentin hypersensitivity. While, the application of these nHAp desensitizers comprised the resin infiltration of G-Bond and Clearfil S3 Bond, resulting in decreased bond strengths of the resin-dentin bonding. Graphical abstract fx1 Highlights • nHAp desensitizing toothpastes were effective in dentinal tubule occlusion. • nHAp desensitizing toothpastes possess a certain degree of acid resistance ability. • Desensitizing treatment comprised resin infiltration of mild self-etch adhesives. • Desensitizing treatment decreased the bond strengths at resin-dentin interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the perceptions of dental students and interns about diagnosis and treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. In this cross-sectional study, participants were recruited from four dental colleges in Lahore, Pakistan. A self-administered validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Standard descriptive statistics were computed. Analytical statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson's chi-square test. Mean age of participants was 23.48 ± 5.61 years. Most respondents 76.1% stated that they had seen patients with DH in the last 2-4 weeks. Eighty percent claimed that DH had an impact on the quality of life of patients while 64.7% thought that impact was moderate. Self-reporting of sensitivity by patients (66.7%) and dental examinations (66.3%) were the most frequently employed diagnostic tools. Dental caries (82.7%) and periodontal disease (74.5%) were most common conditions considered while performing differential diagnosis of DH. Education on adequate tooth brushing technique was regarded as the most common (74.1%) management strategy. Higher percentage of interns (68.2%) than students (31.8%) considered restorative treatment to manage DH (p=0.01). Results showed that 39.6% of respondents were either confident or very confident in treating the condition. DH is a frequently encountered oral condition in dental clinics. Participants demonstrated understanding about DH. However, majority lacked confidence in its successful management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and quality of statistical methodology used in clinical studies on dentin hypersensitivity management. An electronic search was performed for data published from 2009 to 2014 by using PubMed, Ovid/MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases. The primary search terms were used in combination. Eligibility criteria included randomized clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of desensitizing agents in terms of reducing dentin hypersensitivity. A total of 40 studies were considered eligible for assessment of quality statistical methodology. The four main concerns identified were i) use of nonparametric tests in the presence of large samples, coupled with lack of information about normality and equality of variances of the response; ii) lack of P-value adjustment for multiple comparisons; iii) failure to account for interactions between treatment and follow-up time; and iv) no information about the number of teeth examined per patient and the consequent lack of cluster-specific approach in data analysis. Owing to these concerns, statistical methodology was judged as inappropriate in 77.1% of the 35 studies that used parametric methods. Additional studies with appropriate statistical analysis are required to obtain appropriate assessment of the efficacy of desensitizing agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Dentin hypersensitivity is a relatively common pain symptom caused by evaporative, chemical, thermal, tactile, or osmotic stimuli. Despite its high prevalence, many aspects of dentin hypersensitivity remain unknown. Current treatments for dentin hypersensitivity include desensitizers and adhesive materials. Several factors that occur in the oral cavity, such as occlusal force and intrapulpal pressure, cause microleakage, the primary defect of adhesive treatments. Highlight (1) This review article explains the etiology and pain mechanisms of dentin hypersensitivity. (2) Microleakage, a primary cause of restoration failures, is emphasized. (3) Current and ideal treatments for dentin hypersensitivity are described. Conclusion The ideal treatment for dentin hypersensitivity should restore the original impermeability of the dentinal tubules. A novel way to treat dentin hypersensitivity is the regeneration of tubular dentin to overcome microleakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficacy of tunnel technique in the treatment of localized and multiple gingival recessions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tavelli L, Barootchi S, Nguyen TVN, Tattan M, Ravidà A, Want H-L. J Periodontol 2018;89(9):1075-90. Nonprofit, foundations, university support: University of Michigan Periodontal Graduate Student Research Fund. Systematic review with meta-analysis of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the biomineralization and dentinal tubules occlusion abilities of the carboxyl-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM-COOH) on human deminerahzed dentin in vivo at different time points. Deminerabzation dentin model with and without treated with PAMAM-COOH were sutured to the interior side of the rat's cheeks, that was incubated in the rats' saliva for 2, 4 and 6 weeks respectively. Finally, the newly formed precipitates were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD and microhardness test. The hydroxyapatite (HA) on the dentin treated with PAMAM-COOH were formed gradually with the time going by, and the regenerated HA has a similar crystal structure with natural dentin, whereas the crystallites did not exist on the control group. The microhardness of PAMAM-COOH-applied specimens had a significantly higher than those without application. These results suggest that the PAMAM-COOH promoted the biomineralization of demineralized dentin and displayed favourable effects on blocking the open dentinal tubules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentin hypersensitivity is treated using materials that occlude the dentinal tubules or release potassium ions that induce nerve desensitization. In this study we formulated a novel varnish containing potassium chloride and fluoridated hydroxyapatite and evaluated its physical properties and cytotoxicity. Potassium ion release from the varnish was measured. Dentin permeability was evaluated by measuring the hydraulic conductance of etched dentin discs treated withthe varnish. The direct contact te st and MTT assay were performed to evaluate the varnish's cytotoxicity. We found tha t the varnish released potassium ions over 6 h, and demonstrated a statistically higher reduction in dentin permeability compared to commercial fluoride varnish or control. Dentin disc scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated occluded dentinal tubules in the novel varnish group after brushing. The cytotoxicity tests indicated the varnish was biocompatible withgingival and pulpal fibroblasts. We propose the novel varnish is a potential material for use in hypersensitivity management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentin hypersensitivity is a common symptomatic condition that causes discomfort and sometimes severe pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser treatment on cervically exposed hypersensitive dentin. Twenty patients with dentin hypersensitivity of caries-free teeth were selected. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure dentin sensitivity in response to air stimulus. A 2-minute Er:YAG laser (energy level: 60 mJ/pulse; repetition rate: 2 Hz) was applied to cervically exposed hypersensitive dentin. After 4 weeks, the hypersensitive teeth were examined again, and the VAS score was measured again and recorded. No complications such as detrimental pulpal effects were observed. Eighteen participants reported significantly reduced dentin hypersensitivity 4 weeks after the laser desensitization treatment. The VAS scores measured 4 weeks after the Er:YAG laser desensitization treatment were significantly decreased as compared with those measured at the baseline (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the Er:YAG laser desensitization treatment can effectively reduce hypersensitivity of cervically exposed hypersensitive dentin. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The occlusion of dentinal tubules is considered to be an effective strategy to treat dentin hypersensitivity. This in vitro study introduced mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for tubular occlusion to achieve deeper sealing. Further, MSNs with independently encapsulated calcium and phosphates (as calcium and phosphate sources) (Ca2+/PO43-@MSNs) were introduced to achieve improved efficacy of tubular occlusion and remineralization. MSNs or Ca2+/PO43-@MSNs were proportionally mixed with distilled water to make their respective desensitizing slurries, which were used to treat dentin surfaces. The efficacy of tubular occlusion was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and an image analyzer, and compared with that achieved with Green-Or™ —a commonly used densitizer. The results demonstrated that both MSNs and Ca2+/PO43-@MSNs almost completely occluded dentinal tubules and formed a deeper seal which penetrated about 105 μm deep into the dentinal tubules. Significant differences in tubular occlusion were observed between Green-Or™ densitizer and MSNs or Ca2+/PO43-@MSNs. The novel MSNs-based nanomaterials showed great potential as a treatment option for dentin hypersensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of dentin hypersensitivity in Taiwan has been reported up to 38%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of desensitizing toothpaste containing 8.0% arginine and calcium carbonate in treating dentin hypersensitivity. Forty-three participants with established two hypersensitive teeth were enrolled with informed consent. Air blast sensitivity assessments were conducted at baseline and again after four and eight weeks of twice-daily product use. The use of desensitizing toothpaste was found to significantly reduce dentin hypersensitivity (P < 0.001). The one-way analysis of variance analysis followed by Tukey's test indicated that this desensitizing toothpaste had a time-to-improvement distribution (P < 0.05). Taken together, the toothpaste containing 8.0% arginine and calcium carbonate provides a significant reduction in dentin hypersensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this review is to inform practitioners about dentin hypersensitivity (DH); to provide a brief overview of the diagnosis, etiology and clinical management of dentin hypersensitivity and to discuss technical approaches to relieve sensitivity. This clinical information is described in the context of the underlying biology. The author used PUBMED to find relevant English-language literature published in the period 1999 to 2010. The author used combinations of the search terms "dentin*", "tooth", "teeth", "hypersensit*", "desensitiz*". Abstracts and also full text articles to identify studies describing etiology, prevalence, clinical features, controlled clinical trials of treatments and relevant laboratory research on mechanisms of action were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To study the effects of composite resin and glass-ionomer cements on cell proliferation and function of human macrophages in vitro. METHODS: Macrophages were differentiated from THP-1 cells after treatment with phorbol ester and used as the model of inflammatory cells, which were treated by specimens from glass-ionomer cements(GC), composite resin Filtek Z350(3M)and Filtek P60(3M) on culture medium for 24 hours. The cell proliferation of the tooth-colored restorative materials on human macrophages in vitro was evaluated by MTT color imetric assay, and determined for IL-1 content in these material specimens by ELISA. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: Compared with control group, composite resin Filtek Z350 (3M) and Filtek P60(3M) significantly enhanced the proliferation of human macrophages (P<0.05), while Glass-ionomer had little effect on the proliferation of human macrophages (P>0.05). Glass-ionomer could promote macrophages to secrete IL-1 (3 and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The composite resin could not cause release of IL- 1(3 from macrophages (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Composite resin enhances proliferation and function of human macrophages. The effect may be associated with hypersensitivity of dentin. Glass-ionomer cement has little effect on proliferation of macrophages, but may lead to progress of inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effect of a calcium phosphate desensitizer on the demineralization of bovine dentin by measuring changes in transmitted ultrasonic velocity. Bovine dentin specimens with and without application of desensitizer were immersed in 0.1 M lactic-acid buffer solution (pH 4.75) 10 mm twice daily throughout the test period, and stored in artthcial saliva solution (pH 7.0) between treatments. The propagation time of longitudinal ultrasonic waves was measured by a pulser-receiver. Data were evaluated using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test (α=0.05). The ultrasonic velocity decreased over time in specimens stored in demineralizing solution (3,785-3,462 mIs); however, desensitizer-applied specimens had a significantly higher sonic velocity (3,945- 3,990 m/s) than those without application. The calcium phosphate desensitizer appeared to reduce the demineralization of dentin and occluded dentinal tubules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of diode laser (DL) with stannous fluoride and potassium nitrate gels in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity (DH). Fifty-four subjects, ages 25-45, having 2 adjacent teeth sensitive to air blast stimulation were included. The subjects were divided randomly into 3 groups (n = 18): Group A, subjects treated with DL; Group B, subjects treated with 0.4% stannous fluoride gel; and Group C, subjects treated with 5% potassium nitrate gel. Each group was evaluated at baseline; at weekly intervals for 2 consecutive weeks; and at 1,3, and 6 months. All 3 groups showed decreases in the DH scores between baseline and 6 months. This was more pronounced in Group A at all time intervals. When the 3 groups were compared between baseline and Week 1, there was a statistically significant decrease across all 3 groups [P= 0.0020). The greatest difference in the DH scores between baseline and Week 1 was in Group A, compared to Groups B and C. The 940 nm DL was not only efficacious, but also brought about improved immediate relief as compared to stannous fluoride and potassium nitrate gels in the reduction of DH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a painful, exaggerated response to normal stimuli, such as cold, sweetness, and brushing. The aim of the present controlled, randomized, double-masked, non-inferiority clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of cyanoacrylate in the treatment of DH when compared to the application of low-intensity laser. Methods: The study includes 434 sensitive teeth from 62 patients. A total of 216 teeth were treated with laser and 218 with cyanoacrylate. A numeric rating scale was used to record the parameters of pain related to the stimuli at baseline and after the treatment at intervals of 24 hours and 30, 90, and 180 days. Results: Both groups had significant reductions in DH. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups ≤6 months. Intragroup analysis showed that the effect of cyanoacrylate obtained at 24 hours remained for 90 days in response to air-jet test and 30 days for cold-spray test. There was a statistically significant difference between all other intragroup comparisons at the time intervals (P<0.001). Conclusions: It was concluded that cyanoacrylate is as effective as low-intensity laser in reducing DH. In addition, it is a more accessible and low-cost procedure and can be safely used in the treatment of DH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Context: In dental practice, dentin hypersensitivity is a commonly presenting condition, which consists of sharp pain arising from exposed dentin in response to a varied assortment of stimuli; for example, dietary factors, such as an ice-cold beverage, to even environmental considerations, such as the exposure to atmospheric air on a cold winter''s day. The heterogeneity of this presentation, ranging from minor inconvenience to the patient, to a near incapacitating quality-of-life disturbance, as well as the wide range of treatment strategies, as is discussed in this article, certainly pose a challenge to the clinician. Evidence Acquisition: A search was performed on the MEDLINE database (2002 to present) by way of OVID. Search terms, such as dentin hypersensitivity and variants (eg, dentinal hypersensitivity, cervical dentin hypersensitivity) were used. Select references of review-type articles from the original search were sought. Evidence Synthesis: Efforts were made to identify multiple comparative clinical treatment studies that were of highest quality study design—specifically, randomized control trials. Efforts also were made to identify rigorous meta-analysis in the literature on the subject of dentin hypersensitivity treatment. Conclusion: Although multiple treatment approaches appear to provide clinical success in managing dentin hypersensitivity, the entire body of clinical research literature is far from being unequivocal in pronouncing one superior strategy. Equally as important is the clinician''s consideration of the predisposing factors that initially localized the lesion on the tooth surface. Together, personalized preventive measures and therapies focusing on disrupting pathophysiology form the core of effective dentin hypersensitivity management. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Dentin hypersensitivity is a common dental complaint, and in severe cases it can impair eating, drinking, and even speaking, thus interfering with the normal daily life of an individual. Throughout years of research, there has been significant advancement in understanding dentin hypersensitivity, and various treatment regimens have been developed for combating the problem. The continued efforts have recently resulted in a novel technology that uses 8% arginine and calcium carbonate for treating dentin hypersensitivity. Formulations of oral care products using this technology—including toothpaste and prophylactic pastes—have demonstrated not only their effectiveness but also their ability to provide instant relief. This paper provides an overview of the etiology of dentin hypersensitivity, the discovery and development of measures for combating the problem, and the available data on the clinical efficacy of products based on 8% arginine and calcium carbonate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/purpose: The efficacy of dentin-desensitizing agents is commonly evaluated in clinical studies by measuring patients' pain response upon stimulation. Although indispensable, such trials are time-consuming, and the results depend on an individual's subjective pain rating. Therefore, in vitro efficacy screening prior to clinical testing is highly desirable. The objective of this study was to investigate in vitro dentin permeability of two glutaraldehyde-containing desensitizer formulations after different modes and times of application. Materials and methods: Coronal tooth slices, 1.3 mm thick, were dissected from 60 freshly extracted third molars. Specimens were treated with EDTA to remove the cutting smear. The dentin disks were clamped in a split chamber device to determine the baseline permeability under a liquid pressure of 2.5 kPa for 2 minutes and 13 kPa for 1 minute, to record liquid flow through the dentin using a photochemical method. Slices were soaked in a 2% albumin solution and reevaluated under the same pressure cycles prior to active or passive application for 15, 30, or 60 seconds of either Gluma Desensitizer or Gluma PowerGel (GDP) (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany) and then reevaluated. Dentin-disk permeability was determined as the area under the photo signal output voltage line during the pressurizing period (mV s). The statistical data analysis used a Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Mann-Whitney post-hoc test with the significance level set to 5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Antioquia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was done to assess the influence of the topical application of two different desensitizing agents on dentin permeability and dentinal tubule occlusion. Twenty-one rats provided 84 teeth: 36 for the in vitro and 48 for the in vivo investigation. The following agents were tested: Group 1, 2% potassium nitrate plus 2% sodium fluoride gel; Group 2, 5% sodium fluoride varnish; Group 3, 3% hydroxyethylcellulose gel (control). Cervical cavities were prepared and EDTA was applied to expose the dentinal tubules. After each treatment, Evans blue dye was applied to the teeth. Dentin permeability, scanning electron microscope (SEM) sections, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) were analyzed. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the data. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) among groups for dentin permeability, number of tubules/mm2, tubule area and tubular diameter. Groups 1 and 2 (both in vitro and in vivo) showed open and partially occluded tubules. Group 3 had the most open tubules. EDX revealed similar composition for both experimental conditions. Within the limits of the study, 2% nitrate potassium plus 2% sodium fluoride gel and 5% fluoride varnish decreased the dentin permeability, resulting in partial tubular occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a painful tooth condition affecting a large proportion of the world population. While DH is not a direct cause of tooth loss, it does cause discomfort and stress. DH treatment methods include desensitizers, such as fluoride compounds; polycyanoacrylate coating; low intensity laser therapy; and surgery as a last resort. In Cuba, a fluoride varnish, Profilac, is widely used with acceptable results. Tisuacryl, an N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylatebased tissue adhesive is licensed in Cuba as a medical device used for closing wounds and as a protective covering or dressing for oral tissues. Experimental use of Tisuacryl in DH treatment has begun recently with good results. Objective Evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tisuacryl in treating dentin hypersensitivity. Methods An experimental, prospective, longitudinal, multicenter, non-controlled clinical investigation was conducted using the licensed medical device Tisuacryl. The study universe consisted of patients with DH symptoms who sought treatment at three dental clinics in Havana Province between May 2007 and February 2009. The sample consisted of 152 patients who met inclusion and diagnostic criteria for the study. DH was classified as severe, moderate, or mild. Remission of dentinal pain was the principal variable for evaluating effectiveness. Safety variables were mucosal irritation and burning sensation at the treatment site. Treatment was considered successful if DH was cured, defined as remission of pain and relief of discomfort (irritation or burning sensation) with no other adverse events by the final evaluation on day 6 after treatment initiation. Results Tisuacryl treatment was successful in 96.7% of patients (81.5% with severe DH and 100% with mild to moderate DH). Mucosal irritation was observed in only 1 patient at first evaluation on day 2 but disappeared by the second evaluation. No other adverse events were reported. Conclusions Tisuacryl was shown to be an effective, safe treatment of dentin hypersensitivity, especially moderate and mild cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/purpose: Many adults suffer from sensitivity, and dentin hypersensitivity is most commonly the result of exposed dentin which can sometimes trigger pain or discomfort when eating, drinking or simply brushing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of desensitizing toothpaste containing potassium citrate in treating dentin hypersensitivity. Materials and methods: This study was performed at the Department of Periodontics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital. In total, 172 volunteers who provided informed consent were included in the study. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to indicate dentin sensitivity in response to an air stimulus. Participants who had a VAS score of 30-80 were qualified for the study and were provided with their assigned desensitizing toothpaste containing potassium citrate (Colgate Sensitive Multi Protection) and a soft-bristled adult toothbrush for home use. After 4 weeks, the hypersensitive teeth were examined again, and the VAS score was also recorded. Results: In this study, 38% (65/172) participants were found to suffer from dentin hypersensitivity, 40 persons who reported VAS scores of 30-80 were qualified for the clinical trial. Among these, 34 (85%) participants reported reduced dentin hypersensitivity after using the desensitizing toothpaste containing potassium citrate for 4 weeks. The mean value of the VAS score prior to the use of the toothpaste was 50.72, while the mean value of the VAS score after use was 30.68. The use of Colgate Sensitive Multi Protection was found to significantly reduce dentin hypersensitivity after 4 weeks (P<0.01). Conclusion: The prevalence of dentin hypersensitivity in this study was 38%. The use of desensitizing toothpaste containing potassium citrate with oral hygiene instruction can effectively reduce dentin hypersensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare different treatments for dentin hypersensitivity in a 6-month follow-up. One hundred and one teeth exhibiting non carious cervical lesions were selected. The assessment method used to quantify sensitivity was the cold air syringe, recorded by the visual analogue scale (VAS), prior to treatment (baseline), immediately after topical treatment, after 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months. Teeth were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 20): G1: Gluma Desensitizer (GD); G2: Seal&Protect (SP); G3: Oxa-gel (OG); G4: Fluoride (F); G5: Low intensity laser-LILT (660 nm/3.8 J/cm²/15 mW). Analysis was based on the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test that demonstrated statistical differences immediately after the treatment (p = 0.0165). To observe the individual effects of each treatment, data was submitted to Friedman test. It was observed that GD and SP showed immediate effect after application. Reduction in the pain level throughout the six-month follow-up was also observed. In contrast, LILT presented a gradual reduction of hypersensitivity. OG and F showed effects as of the first and third month respectively. It can be concluded that, after the 6-month clinical evaluation, all therapies showed lower VAS sensitivity values compared with baseline, independently of their different modes of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]