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ABSTRACTA calicivirus was detected in neonatal calves with enteritis in Kirklareli, Thrace, Turkey. In the full-length genome, Kirklareli virus was related (48% nucleotide identity) to bovine enteric caliciviruses (Nebovirusgenus). The virus was also detected in a herd in Ankara, Central Anatolia, but not in other Turkish prefectures.

A new highly sensitive and specific hemi-nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was applied to detect nucleoprotein (NP) gene of Canine distemper virus(CDV) in samples collected from dogs showing respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological signs. Thirty-eight out of 86 samples were positive suggesting that despite the vaccination, canine distemper may still represent a high risk to the canine population. The 968 base pair (bp) fragments from the hemagglutinin (H) gene of 10 viral strains detected in positive samples were amplified and analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using AluIand PsiIenzymes in order to differentiate among vaccine and wild-type CDV strains and to characterize the field viral strains. The products of the both enzymatic digestions allowed identification all viruses as wild strains of CDV. In addition, the RFLP analysis with AluIprovided additional information about the identity level among the strains analyzed on the basis of the positions of the cleavage site in the nucleotide sequences of the Hgene. The method could be a more useful and simpler method for molecular studies of CDV strains.

ABSTRACTNoroviruses (NoVs) resembling human NoV genotype GIV (Alphatron-like) have recently been detected in carnivores. By using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on baculovirus-expressed capsid protein VP1 of lion strain GGIV.2/Pistoia/387/06/ITA, NoV-specific antibodies were detected in cats (16.11%) and dogs (4.8%), demonstrating that these animals are exposed to infections caused by NoVs.