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Purpose: To build an image recognition network to evaluate tongue coating status. Methods: Two image recognition networks were built: one for tongue detection and another for tongue coating classification. Digital tongue photographs were used to develop both networks; images from 251 (178 women, 74.7±6.6 years) and 144 older adults (83 women, 73.8±7.3 years) who volunteered to participate were used for the tongue detection network and coating classification network, respectively. The learning objective of the tongue detection network is to extract a rectangular region that includes the tongue. You-Only-Look-Once (YOLO) v2 was used as the detection network, and transfer learning was performed using ResNet-50. The accuracy was evaluated by calculating the intersection over the union. For tongue coating classification, the rectangular area including the tongue was divided into a grid of 7x7. Five experienced panelists scored the tongue coating in each area using one of five grades, and the tongue coating index (TCI) was calculated. Transfer learning for tongue coating grades was performed using ResNet-18, and the TCI was calculated. Agreement between the panelists and network for the tongue coating grades in each area and TCI was evaluated using the kappa coefficient and intraclass correlation, respectively. Results: The tongue detection network recognized the tongue with a high intersection over union (0.885±0.081). The tongue coating classification network showed high agreement with tongue coating grades and TCI, with a kappa coef- ficient of 0.826 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.807, respectively. Conclusions: Image recognition enables simple and detailed assessment of tongue coating status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the remarkable career of David Foote, a photographer for the Australian Government Photographic Service (AUSPIC) at Parliament House. Topics include his transition from film to digital photography, his extensive travels accompanying Prime Ministers on official visits, and the significance of building relationships with clients within the parliamentary community.

With the continuous development of technology, the application of data visualization technology in various fields is also becoming increasingly widespread. Among them, in the field of 3D virtualization art and design, the application of data visualization technology has demonstrated its unique charm and potential. This article explored the design and application of data visualization technology in 3D virtualization art design, aiming to reveal its importance and impact on art and design innovation. This article studied the application of 3D virtual reality technology in production process development, grasped its core content and specific application methods, and provided a detailed analysis of the specific requirements for production process development. Therefore, based on 3D virtual reality technology, this article established a design system for 3D virtual art design based on data visualization technology, achieving the interaction and fusion of multi-source information. This can promote the development and improvement of the manufacturing process, bringing greater economic benefits to the enterprise. The experimental results have proven that the use of data visualization technology in the experiment can reduce the design costs of roads, trees, lawns, fitness equipment, and lakes by 42.5%, 41.2%, 35.5%, 38.8%, and 39.6%, respectively. They exceed the high-altitude GIS 3D modeling method by 21.6%, 19.9%, 16.4%, 19.4%, and 22.1%, and exceed the digital photography 3D modeling method by 21.1%, 21.1%, 15.1%, 17.9%, and 18.6%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Stomatologica Croatica is the property of Acta Stomatologica Croatica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To compare the applicability of modified US Public Health Service (USPHS) and FDI criteria for evaluating glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations in primary posterior teeth through digital image analysis. Methods: This comparative analytic study was conducted at the Children's Dental Clinic RSKGM FKG UI, involving 40 GIC restorations on lower first primary molars in children aged 4–9 years. After cleaning, the restorations were assessed clinically using modified USPHS and FDI criteria before taking digital images, then the collected images were re-evaluated using both sets of criteria, and the clinical assessment results were compared to the digital image assessment results. Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the clinical evaluation of GIC restorations in primary teeth and their corresponding digital photographs when using the modified USPHS criteria, and although the use of FDI criteria yielded different results, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The assessment of GIC restorations through digital images aligns more closely with clinical assessments using the FDI criteria compared to the modified USPHS criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes a case of anterior composite restorations in a 43-year-old female patient with staining and cracking around the margins of her maxillary anterior teeth. For the Class 4 restorations, the clinician chose the Beautifil Flow Plus X material using F00 viscosity with low flowability and the Beautifil Opaquer, Universal Opaque shade, to help mask the discolored/stained teeth. Clinical photography with a digital dental camera was used to facilitate treatment planning.

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wood-boring insects such as the deathwatch beetle can cause significant damage to historical artefacts and timbers, but the extent of internal damage (and tunnelling activity in general) can be difficult to understand and quantify without the use of destructive sampling techniques. This study explored the potential of high-resolution photography and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to investigate beetle activity and inform on the extent of internal damage to a timber from HMS Victory. Micro-CT imaging has allowed the visualisation of deathwatch beetle activity within the timber, revealing differences in tunnelling behaviour preferences for adult and larval forms. Digital techniques were developed to determine the surface area of flight holes on some wooden blocks but were less successful for those blocks where the external surfaces were darkened with age. It was not possible to accurately determine the internal volumes of beetle tunnels within blocks of timber due to the presence of frass, which was found to be virtually indistinguishable digitally from the wood matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Música, Artes Visuales y Artes Escénicas is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explores the meanings currently ascribed to family photographs and albums and aspects of photograph collecting and album making behaviour. Current ways of storing photographs are presented as well as highlighting perceptions of the durability over time of these new forms of storage. The study is exploratory in nature, based on empirical research through the conduct of ten (structured) interviews conducted between August and September 2021. The results of the study show the multitude of meanings attributed to family photo albums, namely: reminiscence of moments in family life, reconstruction of family biography, communication between generations, knowledge of ancestors (great-grandparents, grandparents, parents) in diff erent stages of their lives, establishing a link with the past and building family identity, family history and, last but not least, emotional, nostalgic or joyful meanings, aspects that strengthen the family. At the same time, the study highlights new forms of photo preservation - the shift from print to digital photography, including digital albums. The research also reveals perceptions of the durability of digital albums over time by recognising both positive and negative aspects. The article contributes to the development of research on family photographs and albums in Romanian society, highlighting the importance of the family album and considering it as an object of sociological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Música, Artes Visuales y Artes Escénicas is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Journal of the Irish Dental Association announces the Annual Conference 2025, themed "The Way Forward," to be held in Kilkenny from May 15-17. The conference will feature a diverse lineup of local and international speakers, including experts in facial aesthetics, endodontics, prosthodontics, sleep apnoea, substance abuse patients, and implant maintenance. Additionally, webinars, BLS courses for dental practices offering sedation, and hands-on courses on digital photography and preparation for implants are scheduled for 2025. Members are encouraged to book early for popular courses. [Extracted from the article]

Vaalekop Shelter, a small and seemingly sparsely painted rock art site on the upper reaches of the iMpofana (Mooi) River, KwaZulu-Natal, will be flooded by the construction of the Spring Grove Dam downstream. In mitigation, the site was photographed using a proprietary digital imaging process with the acronym CPED (Capture, Process, Enhance and Display). CPED provides different views of the rock art: a 360˚ view of the painted rock surfaces and their surrounds, a very high-resolution mosaic of the painted rock surface, and enhancements of the painted rock surface that reveal details of the art invisible to the naked eye. These innovations literally change the way that we look at rock art. Instead of the traditional approach to rock art photography in which many separate images are recorded of the paintings, CPED takes the painted rock surface as the basic unit of analysis and users may zoom in and out of the the highresolution mosaic image depending on the level of detail required. Rock art that was formerly considered ‘indecipherable’ due to the deterioration of the painted surfaces, becomes more clearly visible after applying image-enhancement algorithms that produce ‘false-colour’ and greyscale images. Direct tracing of rock art images could be obviated because better copies can be obtained from the digital images. The benefits of CPED imaging should be shared as widely as possible. Strategies suggested are the creation of a national centre for CPED imaging, the improvement of skills and equipment in heritage and research institutions, and the release of CPED as a proprietary system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The visual comparison of 2D images, or 'photographic monitoring', is commonly used in cultural heritage conservation to assess rates of deterioration and the impact of interventions. While it is an accessible technique, three-dimensional changes can be difficult to discern and identifying change can be subjective. Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry, which generates 3D point clouds from digital photographs, has the potential to make monitoring more objective and more informative by recording three dimensions of change rather than two. A methodology was tested on the Romanesque wall paintings of St Botolph's church, Hardham, UK to develop a SfM photogrammetric condition monitoring system that is affordable, portable, non-contact, and repeatable. Commercially available camera equipment was used for capture, and readily available or free software was used to generate and detect change between two 3D point clouds. Time-SIFT, an in-software workflow of point cloud alignment, was used as a reliable non-contact method to replace adhered or embedded registration points on the wall to align the clouds from different capture epochs. The technique was able to identify change in the wall paintings, with the smallest verified changes at a scale of 0.5 mm. The results are discussed in relation to their advantages over 2D imaging, the avenues for further research, and the limitations of applying the technique on site. This research demonstrates the potential of photogrammetry as an accessible in situ condition monitoring tool using a workflow and equipment tailored to working on sites with wall paintings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recursos Rurais is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article I focus on three aspects of the digitisation of photographic collections which I have had the opportunity to deal with professionally in two museums, in the UK and Poland. In 2014, the Imperial War Museum in London (IMW) implemented an online project of the portal/monument, Lives of the First World War, commemorating all citizens of the British Commonwealth who took part in the First World War (WWI), both in uniform and in civil services. Users registered on the portal could attach documents, photographs, reports to each commemorated soldier-keyword, thus expanding the database. One of the key elements of the project was a collection of portrait photographs bearing the title Bond of Sacrifice. These comprised over 16,000 photographs of soldiers of the British Commonwealth, handed over to the Museum by their families in the years 1917-1919. After nearly a hundred years, the Museum decided to comprehensively develop, digitize, and make the collection available in the form of an online catalogue. In the meantime, the Museum digitised a huge collection of WWI photographs, the so-called Q Series (ca. 115,000), the most important part of which was British official photography. By 2016, the entire collection was scanned and made available in an external catalogue of the Museum on the basis of a non-commercial license. Since then, the photographs have taken on a life of their own: they are used in academic works, press articles, TV productions, and in social medias. The second project includes numerous photographs of the Polish Armed Forces. This phenomenon is dealt with in the second part of this paper, which discusses the online photographic collection of the Silesian Museum in Katowice. The third and final part of this article is devoted to the impact of digitization and on-line accessibility on the making of temporary exhibitions. This is explained using the example of the author's last exhibition at the museum about women in industry; based entirely on digital reproductions of photographs from the collections of many museums from Europe and the U.S., amongst others the US National Archives and the IWM. This is due to the fact that the author selected the entire material with the use of online catalogues of these very institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate ground measurements of fractional vegetation cover (FVC) are key for characterizing ecosystem functions and evaluating remote sensing products. The increasing performance of cameras equipped in smartphones opens new opportunities for extensive FVC measurement through citizen science initiatives. However, the wide field of view (FOV) of smartphone cameras constitutes a key source of uncertainty in the estimation of vegetation parameters, which has been largely ignored. We designed a practical method to characterize the FOV of smartphones and improve the FVC estimation. The method was assessed in a mountainous forest based on the comparison with in situ fisheye photographs. After the FOV correction, the agreement of smartphone and fisheye FVC estimates highly improved: root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.103 compared to 0.242 of the original smartphone FVC estimates without considering the FOV effect, mean difference of 0.074 versus 0.213, and coefficient of determination R2 of 0.719 versus 0.353. Smartphone cameras outperform traditional fisheye cameras: the overexposure and low vertical resolution of fisheye photographs introduced uncertainties in FVC estimation while the insensitivity to exposure and high spatial resolution of smartphone cameras make photograph acquisition and analysis more automatic and accurate. The smartphone FVC estimates highly agree with the GF-1 satellite product: RMSE = 0.066, bias = 0.007, and R2 = 0.745. This study opens new perspectives for the validation of satellite products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana is the property of Cirugia Plastica Ibero-Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Digital photography is entangled with people's imaginaries of places. • Social media plays vital roles in the performative practices of photography. • Digital photography practices are reframed by affective social media platforms. • Photography practices can reproduce the affective value of social media platforms. This article outlines the connections between technologies (mobile devices, photo-editing apps, social media, and so on), people, and digital/physical places through the lens of everyday photography practices. It contributes to wider discussions in digital geographies by investigating affective social media's role in the embodied and performative practices of digital photography. Drawing on a qualitative analysis of digital photography in urban Guangzhou (a city in south China), this article argues that digital photography practices and processes are entangled with people's imaginaries of places based on their social and cultural identities, photography skills, aesthetics, geographical knowledge, as well as local cultures reframed by affective social media platforms. Embodied and performative photography practices, in turn, can reproduce the affective value of social media platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magis: Revista Internacional de Investigación en Educación is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Música, Artes Visuales y Artes Escénicas is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Information -- Wissenschaft und Praxis is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this case of a comprehensive dental restoration, a predictable course of treatment is demonstrated in which dental risk was stabilized and definitive treatment was provided in a phased approach to accommodate financial limitations of the patient. Utilizing digital photographic analysis, facial reference glasses, and intraoral scanning, the clinician implemented a treatment plan that was aimed at minimizing and managing the patient's biomechanical and functional risks and resolving his concerns about past failing dental work and an unattractive smile. The phased rehabilitation plan included opening of the vertical dimension of occlusion to accommodate restorative space, appropriate incisal edge position, and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In aged people, the central vision is affected by Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). From the digital retinal fundus images, AMD can be recognized because of the existence of Drusen, Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV), and Geographic Atrophy (GA). It is time-consuming and costly for the ophthalmologists to monitor fundus images. A monitoring system for automated digital fundus photography can reduce these problems. In this paper, we propose a new macula detection system based on contrast enhancement, top-hat transformation, and the modified Kirsch template method. Firstly, the retinal fundus image is processed through an image enhancement method so that the intensity distribution is improved for finer visualization. The contrast-enhanced image is further improved using the top-hat transformation function to make the intensities level differentiable between the macula and different sections of images. The retinal vessel is enhanced by employing the modified Kirsch's template method. It enhances the vasculature structures and suppresses the blob-like structures. Furthermore, the OTSU thresholding is used to segment out the dark regions and separate the vessel to extract the candidate regions. The dark region and the background estimated image are subtracted from the extracted blood vessels image to obtain the exact location of the macula. The proposed method applied on 1349 images of STARE, DRIVE, MESSIDOR, and DIARETDB1 databases and achieved the average sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predicted value, F1 score, and area under curve of 97.79 %, 97.65 %, 97.60 %, 97.38 %, 97.57 %, and 96.97 %, respectively. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method attains better performance, in terms of visual quality and enriched quantitative analysis, in comparison with eminent state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated if morphological measurements made from digital photographs of banded adult Black Skimmers (Rynchops niger), using alphanumeric field readable leg bands as a scale reference, can be used to determine their sex. Black Skimmers are known for their extreme sexual dimorophism and make an excellent study subject. Measurements made in the field using calipers to determine length of the exposed culmen of skimmer chicks were significantly correlated to measurements made by three technicians using open-source software (ImageJ) measuring the culmen from photographs, with little variability among technicians. To determine sex, ImageJ was used to measure the culmen, bill depth at base, lower mandible and head + culmen lengths from photographs of 24 known sex adult skimmers (11 female, 13 male). Males were significantly larger than females for all four measurements and a stepwise Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) using all 4 measurements retained exposed culmen and bill depth as the best predictor variables. This model correctly classified 100% of known sex males and females. Using the DFA equation, 40 additional banded skimmers were classified, and it was determined that 46 of the banded skimmers that were photographed as adults were male and 18 were female. Using a field readable band as a reference scale for other measurements may prove useful for research on other sexually dimorphic species that are banded and later photographed in the wild. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research analysis covers regulation on both: use of VIRDs and privacy protection in civil, administrative, and criminal laws (if these privacy protection rules could be applicable in the use of VIRDs). This research is focused on use of VIRDs by police in Latvia and Lithuania -- legal regulation in both countries and its disfunctions, however, the research includes only general aspects of privacy protection in the use of VIRDs by a Public Police (except for their use against outside threats) as the most directly and extensively touching individuals' privacy aspects, because such use is widespread, relevant to most of the people as it is used in the everyday practice of the Public Police in public places. It is necessary to systematically investigate how privacy protection is ensured in particular national jurisdictions in the field of the operation and use of visual information recording devices. Such analysis is relevant because national jurisdictions are constantly confronted with challenges caused by modern technologies (particularly, VIRDs), the disputes concerning their use are only maturing, and new questions of legal governance of VIRDs' operation and use arise. VIRD in this research means any type of device which is capable of recording video (for example, CCTV camera, dashboard camera) any photographic equipment (such as photo cameras or mobile phones with integrated photo-cameras, unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) (equipped with video/photo cameras). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung (ZQF) is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Information -- Wissenschaft und Praxis is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To assess the effects of deviations in the nose and chin prominence on facial attractiveness. In this study, a reference digital photograph was taken from the facial profile view of an adult female model. Some changes were made in the nose and chin prominence in Photoshop software using the Crumley's analysis. Changes made in the nose prominence yielded a prominent nose (2:11 ratio), a normal nose (3:53 ratio) and a small nose (4:61 ratio). Changes made in the chin prominence were protrusion by +2 and 0 mm and retrusion by −2, −4 and −6 mm (distance from the pogonion to the vertical reference line). In total, 18 orthodontists, 18 oral and maxillofacial surgeons, 18 art students and 18 laypeople evaluated the photographs (n = 15) and expressed their opinion regarding the facial profile attractiveness using a visual analogue scale (0−100). Data were analysed using SPSS version 18. A significant difference was noted in the ratings of photographs (Greenhouse-Geisser, P < 0.001). Orthodontists gave a significantly higher score than laypeople to photographs with a small nose and deviations of the chin prominence (P = 0.015). Art students gave a significantly higher score than laypeople to photographs with a prominent chin and deviations in the nose prominence (P = 0.012). Facial profile with a normal (3:53 ratio) or small (4:61 ratio) nose and chin protrusion/retrusion by 2 mm (pogonion-vertical line) is considered attractive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our proposed method is capable of authenticating the input image is from real user or spoofing attack, including paper photograph, digital photograph, and video, using only the Red, Green, Blue (RGB) frontal camera of common smart phone, without the help of depth camera or infrared thermal sensor. We first capture live faces in each frame of input video streams by single shot multi-box detector then feed into our designed convolution neural network after certain data augmentation and finally obtain a well-trained spoo f face classifier. Finally, we compared to Parkin and Grinchuk's results, using dataset CASIASURF [1], and compare the result of vgg16, InceptionNet, ResNet, DenseNet and MobileNet in CASIA-SURFT dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study assessed the perception of facial taperness in Taiwanese females among people with dental knowledge and laypersons. Additionally, this study also specified the criteria by which "square face" was defined regarding Taiwanese females' facial taperness. Methods: A series of digitally modified photos with different levels of facial taperness (Gonion to Gonion/Zygoma point to Zygoma point--Go-Go/Zy-Zy ratio ranges from 65% to 90%) were randomly arranged and presented to the raters. Visual analog scale (VAS) lines were used for scoring the photos on a scale of 0-100. The true or false question about "defining square face" was incorporated in the same questionnaire. The reliability of the true/false square face question and the esthetic evaluation by VAS were assayed. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to define the cutoff point on "square face." The effects on the raters' genders, orthodontic treatment experience, and their professional background on the perception of a square face were assayed. Results: The overall reliability of the raters was within the acceptable range. The VAS score evaluation revealed that the average expectation for best facial taperness was 75%, whereas the facial taperness of over 83% was considered as the square face. The facial taperness reaching to 90% was regarded as the most unattractive. Gender, therapy, and professional experience have no impact on the standard of square facial form evaluation. Conclusion: A face with a taperness greater than 83% was evaluated as a square face, and a face with a taperness around 75% was considered as the most attractive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Labor condition advancements have occurred alongside technological developments, and the two have intersected at multiple moments in American history. This study examines workplace photography - through the lens of the worker and the employer - through four eras: the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, the Great Depression, the Civil Rights movements of the 1960s and 70s, and the Tech Boom between 2000 and 2020. By examining the differences in how labor advocates and employers portray workers, it becomes clear that photography is a powerful tool in workplace unionization efforts and that whoever is holding the camera matters a great deal in the narratives that are constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of three different digital bracket positioning systems, comparing vertical, mesiodistal and buccolingual accuracy. Material and Methods: The same case was sent to Orapix, Insignia, and Orthocad systems and the brackets were bonded to the malocclusion models. Damon 3 MX brackets were used with all systems and the brackets were bonded to the models with the same bonding protocol and materials. The comparison of the position of each single bracket was made with digital photography, and ImageJ software was used to find the length in pixels and then convert it to hundredths of a mm for vertical, mesiodistal and buccolingual displacement, compared to the setup. Results: Insignia System reported the average higher vertical displacement (0.28 mm), compared with the other two appliances (0.22-0.23 mm), and showed the lowest average displacement for the mesiodistal and buccolingual positioning (0.14 and 0.07 mm, respectively). However, these slight bracket positioning variations between these bonding systems were not statistically different (p>0.05). Conclusion: The three systems analyzed were shown to be accurate in positioning the brackets, and none of them was statistically better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate caries diagnosis and treatment decisions made by undergraduate dental students based on ICDAS or Nyvad criteria. Methods: Twelve students analyzed 90 digital photographs of permanent teeth at different clinical stages of carious lesion development and chose among different treatments in three different assessments: when there was no knowledge of the criteria (described as "No knowledge (N)"; when there was theoretical knowledge of the criteria (described as "Theoretical knowledge (T)" and when there was theoretical knowledge, clinical experience about dental caries and the criteria (described as "Theoretical and clinical knowledge (TC)". For "T" and "TC" the students were randomized into two experimental groups - ICDAS or Nyvad (experimental units: 6 students/group). The reference standard was established cooperatively by two experienced researchers. Criteria performance was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, AUC, and Kappa statistics. Treatment decision was described in percentage by contingency tables and Spearman's correlation with the reference standard. Results: The first assessment demonstrated a high percentage of operative treatment even for initial enamel lesions based on ICDAS criteria and treatment was proposed for both active and inactive lesions, according to the Nyvad criteria. In the second assessment, the students continued recommending treatments for initial or inactive lesions, but less frequently. In the third assessment, treatment decisions presented greater cohesion in relation to the assigned classification criterion. The criteria presented no differences between them in terms of diagnostic in the third assessment. Conclusion: Clinical experience may improve caries detection and treatment decisions with the use of ICDAS and Nyvad criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remarkable development of digital photography has been possible thanks to joint advances in computer science and photography processing and retouching software. The scientific use of photography is now possible as long as its intrinsic limits are comprehended, particularly in the very specific time-limited structure of clinical trials. We list the two main limitations inherent to this method: geometrical calibration and colorimetric calibration. These limitations are illustrated by numerous images used in our practice in Besancon during the last decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food cultures are shaped by the ubiquity of digital photography. Embedded in social media sites, such as Instagram, images of food are used in photographic exchanges to perform identity and interact with community. In a context of proliferating food media, an ethics of "clean eating" – a dietary practice adhering to consuming "healthy" foods deemed to be "pure" – is presented as a form of moral food consumption that embraces particular foods while eschewing others. In this article we explore the symbolic dimensions of top post clean eating food images associated with the hashtags #eatclean and #cleaneating and consider how they mobilize photographic practices to present and encourage this lifestyle. Drawing on Mary Douglas and Erving Goffman as our theoretical foundation, we argue that the photographic capturing of food plays a symbolic role in extolling purity through the presentation of idealized images of "clean" foods that are contrasted with foods perceived as defiled. Clean eating posts draw on forms of idealization that aims to garner esteem and attention, while also generating a sense of community through food media. These practices are also configured around an ethics of food that encourage responsible consumption for the individual as a healthy subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine if an adjunct proteolytic pre-rinse along with contemporary methods of dental cleaning may more effectively remove visual plaque in subjects with fixed orthodontic appliances. Forty-three orthodontic subjects, ages 10 to 25, completed this single site, double-blind, crossover clinical trial. Subjects randomly received bromelain enzyme or a powdered-sugar placebo pre-rinse, followed by manual tooth brushing and use of a Waterpik. Subjects received the alternate pre-rinse during the subsequent visit. Baseline and residual plaque accumulation were recorded via disclosing tablet and digital photography. A single, blinded examiner scored visual plaque scores from randomized photographs. Treatment effects on composite plaque score were evaluated using repeated-measures analysis of variance. A 5% significance level was used for all tests. No significant differences in plaque scores were noted at baseline or post-rinse between the enzyme and placebo. The changes from baseline to post-rinse (P =.190), post-brushing (P =.764), and post-Waterpik (P =.882) were not significantly different between interventions. Significant reduction in plaque scores were observed in both arms of the study after brushing (P <.01) and waterjet use (P <.01). Neither age (P =.220) nor gender (P =.449) impacted plaque scores. Use of a bromelain enzyme pre-rinse alone did not significantly enhance plaque removal. A significant reduction in retained plaque was observed with the application of brushing and or Waterpik. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]